Command filtered integrated estimation guidance and control for strapdown missiles with circular field of view

In this paper,an integrated estimation guidance and control(IEGC)system is designed based on the command filtered backstepping approach for circular field-of-view(FOV)strapdown missiles.The threedimensional integrated estimation guidance and control nonlinear model with limited actuator deflection angle is established considering the seeker's FOV constraint.The boundary time-varying integral barrier Lyapunov function(IBLF)is employed in backstepping design to constrain the body line-of-sight(BLOS)in IEGC system to fit a circular FOV.Then,the nonlinear adaptive controller is designed to estimate the changing aerodynamic parameters.The generalized extended state observer(GESO)is designed to estimate the acceleration of the maneuvering targets and the unmatched time-varying disturbances for improving tracking accuracy.Furthermore,the command filters are used to solve the"differential expansion"problem during the backstepping design.The Lyapunov theory is used to prove the stability of the overall closed-loop IEGC system.Finally,the simulation results validate the integrated system's effectiveness,achieving high accuracy strikes against maneuvering targets.

基于Command and Control通信信道流量属性聚类的僵尸网络检测方法

僵尸网络(Botnet)是一种从传统恶意代码形态进化而来的新型攻击方式,为攻击者提供了隐匿、灵活且高效的一对多命令与控制信道(Command and Control channel,C&C)机制,可以控制大量僵尸主机实现信息窃取、分布式拒绝服务攻击和垃圾邮件发送等攻击目的。该文提出一种与僵尸网络结构和C&C协议无关,不需要分析数据包的特征负载的僵尸网络检测方法。该方法首先使用预过滤规则对捕获的流量进行过滤,去掉与僵尸网络无关的流量;其次对过滤后的流量属性进行统计;接着使用基于X-means聚类的两步聚类算法对C&C信道的流量属性进行分析与聚类,从而达到对僵尸网络检测的目的。实验证明,该方法高效准确地把僵尸网络流量与其他正常网络流量区分,达到从实际网络中检测僵尸网络的要求,并且具有较低的误判率。

Adaptive optimization of agile organization of command and control resource

Adaptive optimization is one of the means that agile organization of command and control resource （AOC2R） adapts for the dynamic battlefield environment. A math model of the adaptive optimization of AOC2R is put forward by analyzing the interrelating concept and research. The model takes the adaptive process as a multi-stage decision making problem. The 2-phases method is presented to calculate the model, which obtains the related parameters by running the colored Petri net （CPN） model of AOC2R and then searches for the result by ant colony optimization （ACO） algorithm integrated with genetic optimization techniques. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm greatly improves the performance of AOC2R.

Command and Control Cities in Global Space-economy Before and after 2008 Geo-economic Transition

The global economic downturn caused primarily by the US sub-prime mortgage crisis in 2007 engendered revenue loss of the multinational corporations. Existing studies have yet to depict the detrimental impacts on city＇s command and control functions induced by the sub-prime mortgage crisis together with its residual wave of global economic recession on the global spatial economy. Recent and previous studies have produced an ＇instant history＇ of the global spatial economy before the global economic downturn undermines the global economy in late 2008. How- ever, the waxes and wanes of major cities＇ command and control functions on the global economic arena before and after the outbreak of financial crisis and its associated geo-economic transitions are still poorly understood. This paper attempts to contribute a new set of customized data to update and fill in the gap in the literature with the investigation of the command and control functions of cities arotmd the world from 2005 to 2009. Particular attentions are paid to the time-space relationship of the geo-economic transition that can capture the recent historical images of the com- mand and control situation of different cities in the world.

Research on the effects of command-and-control and market-oriented policy tools on China's energy conservation and emissions reduction innovation

The impact of environmental regulation on technology innovation is a hot spot in current research where a large number of empirical studies are based on Porter Hypothesis(PH). However, there are still controversies in academia about the establishment of "weak" and "narrow" versions of PH. Based on the panel data of application for patent of energy conservation and emission reduction(ECER) technology of Chinese city scale during 2008-2014, comprehensive energy price, pollutant emission, etc., mixed regression model and systematic generalized method of moments method were adopted, respectively,to study the impact of market-oriented and command-and-control policy tool on China's ECER technology innovation. The results show that the environmental regulation hindered the technological innovation in the immediate phase; however, it turned out to be positive in the first-lag phase. Hence, the establishment of "weak" PH is time-bounded. The command-and-control policy tool played a more positive role in promoting technological innovation in the first-lag phase than market-oriented policy tool. Therefore, "narrow" PH is not tenable. The reason is that the main participants of China's ECER technology innovation are state-owned companies and public institutions. Regionally speaking, the impact which command-and-control policy tool has on technological innovation at sight was nonsignificant in the eastern, the central, and the western regions of China whilst market-oriented policy tool had a negative effect. And market-oriented policy tool in the central region had strongest negative effect, which would diminish in the eastern region and become weakest in the western region. This was related to regional energy consumption level and the market economic vitality.

Experimental Study of a Modified Command Governor Adaptive Controller for Depth Control of an Unmanned Underwater Vehicle

Command governor–based adaptive control(CGAC)is a recent control strategy that has been explored as a possible candidate for the challenging task of precise maneuvering of unmanned underwater vehicles(UUVs)with parameter variations.CGAC is derived from standard model reference adaptive control(MRAC)by adding a command governor that guarantees acceptable transient performance without compromising stability and a command filter that improves the robustness against noise and time delay.Although simulation and experimental studies have shown substantial overall performance improvements of CGAC over MRAC for UUVs,it has also shown that the command filter leads to a marked reduction in initial tracking performance of CGAC.As a solution,this paper proposes the replacement of the command filter by a weight filter to improve the initial tracking performance without compromising robustness and the addition of a closed-loop state predictor to further improve the overall tracking performance.The new modified CGAC(M-CGAC)has been experimentally validated and the results indicate that it successfully mitigates the initial tracking performance reduction,significantly improves the overall tracking performance,uses less control force,and increases the robustness to noise and time delay.Thus,M-CGAC is a viable adaptive control algorithm for current and future UUV applications.

无人空战指控建模仿真方法研究

针对当前无人空战仿真中,缺乏支持全流程作战指挥控制建模与仿真这一问题,结合当前无人空战仿真系统相关研究,系统梳理和研究指控模型构建方法,通过探索不同仿真层级不同类型的无人机指挥控制建模原理和方法,设计并且构建了一套适合指挥信息系统装备特点的指控模型仿真系统。通过进行符合预设约束的想定设定,对目标作战任务进行了效能评估和对比,可为无人空战相关指挥信息系统装备的论证、评估方式提供理论和现实指导。

数字孪生永定河建设实践

数字孪生永定河建设是流域治理管理现代化的主要标志。围绕永定河生态修复与治理,构建数字孪生永定河,建设水利感知、数据底板、模型平台、知识平台、业务应用等内容,相关成果应用于永定河全年全线有水的生态水量调度与海河“23·7”流域性特大洪水的防洪调度,取得了初步成效。建议下一步从完善数据底板、完善防洪模型、提升防洪“四预”能力、提升水资源调度“四预”能力等方面加强数字孪生永定河建设,助力流域治理管理现代化。

异质性环境规制对企业差异化绿色创新行为的影响——知识搜寻的中介作用

环境规制与绿色创新的关系一直备受争议,这可能与多数文献忽视环境规制(命令型与市场型)与绿色创新(策略性与实质性)的双重异质性有关。基于制度理论与知识管理理论,构建“环境规制—知识搜寻—企业绿色创新”理论框架,综合运用多元线性回归与模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)方法,采用285份企业调查问卷验证研究假设。结果显示:命令型环境规制仅能促进策略性绿色创新,市场型环境规制仅能促进实质性绿色创新;知识搜寻深度在命令型环境规制与策略性绿色创新间发挥中介作用,知识搜寻广度在市场型环境规制与实质性绿色创新间发挥中介作用。进一步地,通过fsQCA分析得到5种前因构型,其中,高策略性绿色创新与高实质性绿色创新的组态路径分别有2条和3条。结论可拓展环境规制对企业绿色创新影响的研究维度,并为政府调整环境规制政策、企业应对外部制度压力提供参考。

不平衡数据下基于SVM增量学习的指挥信息系统状态监控方法

针对指挥信息系统历史状态样本有限的特点,基于支持向量机(support vector machines,SVM)设计了一种面向不平衡数据的SVM增量学习方法。针对系统正常/异常状态样本不平衡的情况,首先利用支持向量生成一部分新样本,然后通过分带的思想逐带产生分布更加均匀的新样本以调节原样本集的不平衡比。针对系统监控实时性要求高且在运行过程中会有新样本不断加入的特点,采用增量学习的方式对分类模型进行持续更新,在放松KKT(Karush-Kuhn-Tucker)更新触发条件的基础上,通过定义样本重要度并引入保留率和遗忘率的方式减少了增量学习过程中所需训练的样本数量。为了验证算法的有效性和优越性,实验部分在真实系统中获得的数据集以及UCI数据集中3类6组不平衡数据集中与现有的算法进行了对比。结果表明,所提算法能够有效实现对不平衡数据的增量学习,从而满足指挥信息系统状态监控的需求。

相依指挥控制网络耦合策略研究

指挥控制网络的层次关联复杂、通信链路交错等特点,使其表现出明显的多网相依特征。针对现有相依边的研究方法难以有效表达网络的耦合关系,通过研究基于节点介数的相依强度、基于桥接系数的链路均衡性指数,提出基于相依强度与链路均衡性的相依指挥控制网络耦合策略,仿真验证表明该策略提高了网络抗级联失效能力。

基于改进虚拟惯性控制的直流充电桩控制方法

直流充电桩充电速度快、效率高的优点使得电动汽车负载可以频繁投切,但其作为直流系统具有惯性小、阻尼弱的特点。为降低电动汽车负载投切对直流侧电压扰动的影响,文中提出一种基于改进虚拟惯性(virtual inertia,VI)控制的直流充电桩控制方法。首先,类比虚拟同步机(virtual synchronous machine,VSM)技术推出VI控制,赋予直流系统一定的惯性与阻尼支撑。其次,采用指令滤波反推积分滑模(command filter backstepping integral sliding mode,CFBISM)控制对VI控制进行改进,即采用积分滑模(integral sliding mode,ISM)控制优化VI控制,增强系统的鲁棒性,并采用指令滤波反推控制对其中关键参数进行重构,避免控制器出现计算膨胀现象,同时对电流内环采用改进ISM控制从而进一步提升控制效果。然后,通过Lyapunov稳定性判据证明所提控制方法的稳定性。最后,通过仿真对比验证了文中所提控制方法可将直流侧电压波动限制在2 V以内,动态响应速度提高约0.1 s,关键参数在稳态时的扰动限制在1 V左右,从而验证了其响应速度快、鲁棒性好的特性。

跨域杀伤网架构及其技术分析

在全域作战理论推动下,杀伤链正向更加复杂、更加多维的杀伤网发展。从作战概念入手,分析了杀伤网的运行特点,针对全域作战中跨域杀伤网构建问题,提出了体系能力服务平台+作战应用的系统架构,设计了相关智能体的职责分配和信息交互方法;从杀伤网构建和效能优化的角度,提出了基于作战资源可识别、可定义及可组合的能力生成机理,并对作战资源调用的合作博弈机制进行了探讨。最后,从技术实现角度,提出了智能体构建及智能体参数选择的方法,并分析了人工智能技术在跨域杀伤网构建过程中的赋能作用。

两栖登陆垂直投送指挥控制效能评估模型研究

为破解两栖垂直突击上陆指挥控制作战效能评估难题,从分析垂直突击上陆指挥控制的特点入手,在此基础上分四个步骤建立指挥控制效能评估模型。首先,对指挥控制要素进行抽象分类;其次,分析要素之间以及要素内部的影响关系;然后抽取关键环节,形成评估要点;最后,采用定性与定量相结合,仿真试验评估与实兵验证相结合的方法进行评估。该模型可为指挥控制评估提供方法支撑。

预警机装备形态演变的新特征

自1945年投入使用以来,预警机装备经过近80年的发展,其在作战体系和杀伤链构建中,经历了从低空补忙雷达向空中C2节点的转变。现今,一方面,有人预警机的核心节点作用愈发凸显,主要担负空战场管理任务;另一方面,无人化预警机形态正在加速出现,重点发挥预警探测而不是指挥控制作用,作为有人预警机的重要补充。在产品形态上,未来的预警机将具备敏捷性、协同性以及自主性等重要特征。

带有指令滤波的电力弹簧系统反步控制

针对新能源发电系统因间接性和不确定性导致的电压波动问题,文中首次将反步控制策略应用于电力弹簧(electric spring,ES)系统,并提出一种带有指令滤波的ES反步控制策略。根据ES的数学模型利用反步法设计控制器,并加入指令滤波器,以解决ES反步控制中的计算膨胀问题,同时设计误差补偿信号,并利用Lyapunov稳定性理论验证系统稳定性。通过仿真模拟新能源发电系统网侧电压波动时,ES对关键负载(critical load,CL)电压稳定的效果,以及不同系统参数对文中控制策略的敏感性分析。与传统的比例积分(proportional-integral,PI)控制对比,CL电压动态响应速度提高0.07 s,CL电压畸变率降低31%,参数敏感性分析中CL电压最大偏差率为0.318%,能承受的最大电压幅值波动范围提高52.9 V。仿真结果验证了文中所提出的控制策略具有响应速度快、谐波含量低、抗干扰能力强的优势。

补偿抑或挤出?命令控制型环境规制与企业风险承担——基于中国A股上市公司的证据

环境规制是生态文明建设的有力手段,而投资决策中的风险承担是企业进行绿色转型的重要条件。基于2010—2021年A股上市公司数据,实证检验了命令控制型环境规制对企业风险承担的影响及其作用机制。研究发现:命令控制型环境规制显著提升了企业风险承担水平。机制分析表明,命令控制型环境规制通过创新机制、信息机制及资源机制对企业风险承担产生正向影响,且这种影响在地方财政分权程度低的企业、非“双高”企业以及区域创新文化水平高的企业中更显著。有效性分析结果显示,尽管命令控制型环境规制推高的企业风险承担在短期内可以提升企业绩效,但其导致的资本配置效率降低会损害企业的长期价值。研究结论为推动企业绿色转型,完善政府主导的环境政策体制提供经验证据。

面向任务的指挥决策智能化系统设计

随着试验难度密度加大,装备状态转换快,指挥控制决策压力剧增。论文对面向任务的智能指挥决策系统进行研究。充分利用汇集于指控中心的测控数据,从数据传输格式自动化检查、处理结果的正确性分析、异常故障快速定位、装备效能评估几个方面建立方法模型,构建了面向任务的智能化指挥控制系统架构[10]。

美军联合全域指挥与控制的投资

阐述美军联合全域指挥与控制(JADC2)的概念内涵、当前工作内容以及未来发展方向。结合美国国防部2024财年预算请求及Govini公司研究报告,进一步介绍JADC2支出的核算方法,并系统解析美国在JADC2上的资金投入和市场情况、美军联合全域指挥与控制当前面临的挑战。当前,全球安全环境正在发生飞速变化,局部冲突时有发生,搜集、解析和传递信息以保持决策优势的能力将是主导战争胜负的关键。美国国防部提出JADC2战略,旨在构建一个在战场上可以将各部门互联互通的安全网络,以期实现所有战域之间的充分、实时的信息交换。目前美国通过技术研发、合作演习等方式在各个层面积极推动JADC2的建设,并已取得一定阶段性成果。

有人直升机/无人机协同编队指挥控制体系设计

针对有人/无人机(Manned Aerial Vehicle/Unmanned Aerial Vehicle,MAV/UAV)编队协同作战的发展趋势,开展了MAV/UAV协同编队指挥控制系统设计研究。分析了MAV/UAV的协同作战样式对指挥控制系统的需求。对比了目前集中式、分布式和有限集中式3种指挥控制结构,兼顾UAV智能化水平和数据链路状态,设计了基于集散式的指挥控制系统,该系统集合了集中式和分布式的特点,在协同编队指挥控制中具备通信要求适中、可扩展性高和鲁棒性强等优势。