The Impact of Bank-Specific and Macroeconomic Factors on Non-performing Loans in Sri Lankan Commercial Banks

The main purpose of this study is to ascertain the effect of bank-specific and macroeconomic factors on non-performing loans in systemically and non-systemically important commercial banks in Sri Lanka over 10 year’s period from 2004 to 2013.Also,the study examines the impact of civil war that prevailed in the country for 30 years on the ex-post credit risk of the banking sector.The study employed panel data methodology to investigate the effect of bank-specific and macroeconomic factors on non-performing loans.Panel unit root test has been undertaken in order to test the stationary of the variables.Hausman test and Wald coefficient restriction test were used to select the appropriate model out of pooled,random,and fixed effect.A dummy variable panel regression model adopted to study the war effect,considering 2009 as the structural year.Findings revealed that return on assets as a proxy for bank efficiency has a significant negative influence,while non-interest income as a proxy for income diversity is positively correlated with non-performing loans of systemically important banks.Both real gross domestic products and lending rates were highly significant in both bank types.On contrary with literature,growth in bank branches is negatively correlated.Public banks do not account for higher level of non-performing loans compared to their private counterpart.Finally,it was identified that civil war had an effect on the level of non-performing loans in commercial banks.The research would have benefited if the analysis is carried out among classified types of loans offered by commercial banks.Future researchers should involve in identifying the most significant contributing loan type to the non-performing loans and its determinants.This study is one of the few studies which have investigated the causes of non-performing loans in the commercial banking industry in Sri Lanka.The analysis of civil war and its impact on non-performing loans is the first study of that nature to be conducted in the context.

Loan Loss Provisioning Practices

The purpose of this paper is to come up with factors in loan loss provisioning practices on commercial banks that reflect on collectability of defaulted loans. The need for this research is due to failures in the loan loss provisioning practices which resulted in loan loss provisions （LLP） not reflecting on collectability of the defaulted loans. As a consequence, the banks do not capture their loss expectations and do not continuously reassess their loss expectations as the conditions affecting their borrowers may change. Henceforth, in their financial reporting, the banks do not represent relevantly and faithfully their true underlying credit risks conditions. When the banks do not represent relevantly and faithfully their true underlying risk conditions, they contradict the objectives of useful financial reporting. The results showed that among explanatory variables, bad debt recoveries as a factor in loan loss provisioning practices that reflect on collectability of defaulted loans was rejected. Bad debt recoveries was a biased variable and inconsistent estimator. In context of perceived credit risks as the basis to make credit judgments, an estimate of bad debt recoveries had not fulfilled the criteria. On the other hand, non-performing loans （NPL） as a factor in loan loss provisioning practices was not rejected.

银行高层更替与不良贷款恶性增资——基于不良贷款拨备与剥离视角的分析

本文分析了银行处理不良贷款背后的心理动因,并以不良贷款拨备与剥离作为银行放弃对不良贷款恶性增资概率的替代指标,实证检验了银行高层的更替与其对不良贷款的处理方式有显著的相关关系。通过对2005年前股份制商业银行的面板数据分析,发现股份制商业银行高层的更替与其对不良贷款的处理方式有显著的相关关系:对银行董事长、行长的更替带来不良贷款拨备与剥离的增加,并且一定程度上可以促使银行放弃不良贷款或对贷款质量有更稳健的认识,从而降低不良贷款恶性增资产生的概率。此外,退出董事的资历影响贷款呆账准备的计提,且为正向关系。

论商业银行中小企业贷款承诺业务的完善

我国中小企业目前面临融资难的问题,贷款承诺业务有利于这一问题的解决。根据我国现实情况,笔者认为可以通过建立适合我国国情的融资担保、评级为一体的融资担保机构,对中小企业的分类采取不同的贷款承诺形式,降低经营成本,有效地解决中小企业贷款承诺业务中的障碍,就可以极大缓解中小企业目前面临融资难的问题。

我国商业银行不良贷款续扩动因的问卷调研

随着经济增长速度的放缓,银行业不良贷款上升的风险加大。要解决我国商业银行不良贷款的问题,需要追问我国银行业不良资产的根本成因,以便真正从机制上控制商业银行新增不良贷款的形成和累积。本文通过问卷调研我国信贷从业人员在已贷款企业面临财务困境并申请进行二次贷款时的决策思考,获得影响其决策过程的因素及对决策的影响程度,发现内部领导支持、担保偏好、地方政府干预和责任等因素对不良贷款续扩的影响非常显著,而社会责任、客户关系、成长文化的影响相对较弱;并据此提出或可借鉴的政策建议。

流动性风险对银行信贷行为的影响

本文运用中国14家上市商业银行2007～2012年半年度财务数据，检验银行流动性风险管理与银行信贷行为之间的关系。结果表明：从贷款利率来看，银行流动性风险的降低（流动性比率增加）能够使银行进行风险更高的贷款，增加银行风险承担能力；从存款利率来看，银行流动性比率的提升可以使银行以更加优惠的利率吸收存款；在金融风险加大时期，持有信贷承诺数量较大的银行会增加流动性资产储备以应对风险，并且信贷承诺对于银行信用总量的增速具有显著的促进作用。商业银行应同时重视流动性和资本充足率，注重表外信用承诺对商业银行流动性风险的影响。