Research on the Establishment of a Long-Term Care System for the Elderly with Alzheimer’s Disease Under the Background of Long-Term Care Insurance: A Literature Review

With the aging of the country’s population structure,the problem of social pensions is becoming more and more serious.As for the issue of social pension,the elderly with Alzheimer’s disease are a special group,and the issue of care services for these elderly has attracted widespread attention from society.However,judging from the current level of social security provided to the elderly with dementia in the country,there is a serious imbalance between supply and demand.Therefore,this problem needs to be solved urgently and is of great significance for further improving the country’s social pension security system.Routine care is limited to hospitals and mainly focuses on the patient’s condition.Patients fail to receive comprehensive care services and the effect is not ideal.Therefore,in order to improve patients’cognitive function and quality of life,and learn from international experience,a“community-institution-home”three-dimensional linkage care model based on long-term care insurance can be established.The application of this model can effectively solve and further improve the country’s elderly care and social security system.

The Potential of Commercial Pension Insurance to Develop into One of the Pillars of Rural Pension Insurance:A Study from the Demand Perspective

The development of a multi-pillar pension insurance system is an effective solution for an aging society.Commercial pension insurance,as the third pillar of pension insurance,is an integral part of this system in China and can play a critical and complementary role in rural areas where support for the elderly is a more pressing concern and a second pillar of pension insurance remains absent.To this end,we first elaborate on the theoretical logic that commercial pension insurance can develop into one of the pillars of rural pension insurance.We then empirically test rural residents’willingness to participate in a commercial pension insurance plan(CPIP)in a probit model with household research data from rural areas in major labor-exporting provinces,such as Sichuan and Henan so as to explore whether commercial pension insurance has the potential to become one of the pillars of rural pension insurance.Our research findings can be synthesized in three points.First,rural residents out of agricultural production for five consecutive years are more willing to participate in a CPIP than other rural residents,indicating that progress in industrialization and urbanization can significantly boost such willingness.Second,the younger rural residents are more inclined to participate in a CPIP than the older generation.Third,income increases can significantly boost rural residents’willingness to participate in a CPIP.Thus,with progress in industrialization and urbanization and an increase in rural disposable income,commercial pension insurance has a promising potential in rural areas and can hopefully develop into one of the pillars of rural pension insurance.

On the Issue of Commercial Insurance Market as in the Slovak Republic

The insurance industry in the Slovak Republic has become an important dynamically developing area of economy.Insurance affects all the activities into the national economy,touching every company,business,citizen,society,and foreign countries.The Slovak insurance market is developed.As at 31.12.2017,there operated 21 commercial insurance companies on the Slovak commercial insurance market.The evolution of the market in life insurance in recent years is more dynamic than in the non-life insurance.

On the Issue of Commercial Insurance and Commercial Insurance Market in the Slovak Republic

The article is concentrated on the Slovak commercial insurance, commercial insurance market, non-life insurance, and international risks on the Slovak Republic. Since 1 May 2004, the Slovak insurance market has been part of the uniform European Union insurance market, which includes over 5,000 insurance companies. After Slovakia’s admission to the European Union, several legislative changes have been adopted in the area of commercial insurance industry, which also influenced non-life insurance and the insurance of international risks as part of non-life risks. The most recent act in the area of commercial insurance mentioned in the paper is the Act of the National Council SR No. 39/2015 Coll. on Insurance, in which there are legislative changes in life and also non-life insurance. Basic terms are defined and commented on in the first two chapters （Lowry, Rawlings, ＆ Merkin, 2015）. The nature of international risks as part of non-life risks is described in the second chapter. International risks are classified in the third chapter; international risks are subdivided in the paper into commercial or trade risks, political and economic risks, and special types of risks.

Lin Zhongjie On Commercial Insurance Companies

China’s insurance industry has gradually picked up the pace to open the domestic insurance market along with the deepening reform of its insurance system. In addition to a few domestic insurance companies, some foreign insurance companies given approval to handle insurance business in China have also joined the market. In the face of the serious situation, how and what should China’s insurance industry do? To

Validity Evaluation of the Commercial Endowment Insurance Market in China

Aging of population will cause a series of socio- economic and population problems /exerting great pressure and challenge on the social security system.Through the connection of quantitative analysis,qualitative analysis,empirical study and normative study,as well as data collection and analysis of the state of supply and demand of the commercial endowment insurance market in China,this paper analyzes the factors that influence the effective demand and effective supply of the commercial endowment insurance in China,makes further analysis of the total amount and structure,and finally draws the conclusion on and puts forward advice about the effective development of the commercial endowment insurance market in China.

Effects of insurance status on long-term survival among non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) patients in Beijing,China: A population-based study

Objective: To evaluate the effects of health insurance status on long-term cancer-specific survival of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) in Beijing, China, using a population-based cancer registry data.Methods: Information on NSCLC patients diagnosed in 2008 was derived from the Beijing Cancer Registry.The medical records of 1,134 cases were sampled and re-surveyed to obtain information on potential risk factors.Poorly-insured status was defined as Uninsured and New Rural Cooperative Medical Insurance Scheme(NRCMS),while well-insured included Urban Employees Basic Medical Insurance(UEBMI) and Free Medical Care(FMC).To estimate survival outcomes, individuals were followed-up until December 31, 2018. Cancer-specific survival probabilities at 5 and 10 years after diagnosis were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Log-rank test was used to compare long-term survival with different characteristics. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to examine the relative effect of insurance status on cancer-specific mortality.Results: Well-insured NSCLC patients have longer cancer-specific survival than poorly-insured individuals[hazard ratio(HR)=0.81;95% confidence interval(95% CI): 0.67-0.97), even after adjusting for age, gender, cancer stage, smoking status, family history and residential area. Older age and rural residence were associated with a higher risk of cancer-specific mortality(HR=1.03;95% CI: 1.02-1.03 and HR=1.25;95% CI: 1.07-1.46,respectively). Smoking individuals had a 41% higher long-term cancer-specific mortality risk than non-smoking ones(HR=1.41;95% CI: 1.20-1.66).Conclusions: NSCLC patients with good insurance status had better survival rates than those with poor insurance. An association was significant even after 10 years. Large population-based studies are needed to validate that high reimbursement insurance status can lead to the improvement of long-term cancer prognosis in China.

Building Long-Term Care Insurance System in China

The objective is to explore the foundation of the elderly long-term care insurance system in China, which is to face the problem resulted from aging of the population. Adopting the contrastive analysis to introduce briefly the long-term care insurance system in German, Japan and America for our learning. Therefore, China＇s long-term care insurance system could not totally indiscriminately imitate the mandatory long-term care insurance system in German and Japan, it also could not copy the business model of nursing insurance system in America. The conclusion is that long-term care insurance system in China should use the experience of developed countries based on the basic national conditions, doing some relative works, such as establishing policies and regulations, strengthening personnel training, and improving the market specification.

Research on the development mode of long-term nursing insurance ——taking Qingdao as an example

With the gradual development of society, scientific and technological progress, aging gradually aggravated, has become a hot topic of society. People to old age, self-care ability than in the past, not only suffer from disease, life has become difficult, coupled with the large number of empty nest family, the cost of care is also very high, whether it is to receive home care or professional institutions of care have great difficulties. Therefore, the community should be a large number of people with long-term care needs of the appropriate economic compensation, in this context, long-term care insurance is born. As a leading city in Shandong Province, Qingdao has introduced long-term care insurance and achieved good results. This paper analyzes the practical problems faced by Qingdao, that is, the development background of Qingdao long-term nursing insurance model, obtains the deficiency of Qingdao long-term nursing insurance, and then puts forward the corresponding countermeasures, and then ponders how to choose the long-term nursing insurance model of our country＇s future development.

Analysis of the necessity of Shanghai＇s long-term care insurance

The aging population of Shanghai is China one of the most serious city, is also one of the cities of the aging problem is prominent. As a result, the city＇s endowment pressure also with aging and aging aggravate gradually increased, especially the old man nursing problems become the main problem in society. Study abroad to establish a long term care insurance comprehensive factors, considering the feasibility of the long-term care insurance in Shanghai, alleviate the pressure of the pension, the construction of a harmonious society.

Research on the institutional design of the long-term care insurance in Shanghai

Shanghai went into the ranks of the aging society in 1979, as the first area which entered into the aging society in China. Along with the arrival of the ageing, the nursing problems of the old man and disabled elderly become the important factors which affect social development. The establishment of the legal system, System integration to realize resource optimal allocation, Division of multilevel optimization services provide new pattern can make it happen.

Performance of Rural Municipalities After the 2015 Reformation of Long-Term Care Insurance in Japan

Worldwide,welfare is trending from a welfare state model to social participation to ensure the sustainability of health care systems.Japan,where the aging rate will reach 40%by 2060,reformed public Long-Term Care Insurance(LTCI)on a large scale in 2015 and started the Comprehensive Service project(CS project),which emphasizes the prevention of long-term care through social participation in the community.Through this project,communities work to develop prevention efforts revolving around the community salon/caféand mutual support,including all daily tasks that previously were the purview of family members.Each municipality has an obligation to promote a CS project through new community development initiatives among community members.The purpose of this study is to investigate the CS projects performed by rural municipalities and to explore the important factors for their success.The authors used a case study methodology and constant comprehensive methodology for analyzing interview data to pull out the elements of successful initiatives.The study shows that the following factors influence success:recognition of demographic risk,recognition of the ineffectiveness of LTCI services,developing a passionate philosophy and strategy as a municipality,developing community members’initiative,and having many assets and full participation in the community.These factors imply that community development is a critical part of any successful CS project.

专利计量视域下医疗与健康保险机构间数据交互技术探析

目的/意义探析相关专利技术,为医疗与商业健康保险机构打通数据交互堵点、建构多层次医疗保障体系提供经验借鉴。方法/过程采用专利计量方法,围绕相关专利技术的时间趋势、地域分布、类别分布、文本聚类4方面分析医疗与健康保险机构之间的数据交互专利技术。结果/结论中国应重视数据交互在医疗与健康保险机构深化合作中的作用,增进高质量专利的申报、授权、运用和保护,重视跨界融合与技术驱动,创新专利布局以顺应技术发展和社会需求等。

金融素养对农村家庭商业保险参与的影响研究——基于CHFS数据的实证

金融素养是个体具有的一种金融能力,对金融决策行为产生重要影响。文章基于中国家庭金融调查(CHFS2019)数据,利用Probit模型和Tobit模型,实证分析金融素养对农村家庭商业保险参与行为和参与深度的影响。研究表明:金融素养会显著促进农村家庭商业保险参与行为,对农村家庭商业保险参与深度有显著促进作用,对农村高收入家庭商业保险参与促进作用更加明显;家庭收入和风险态度在金融素养对农村家庭商业保险参与影响中存在中介效应;家庭总资产、户主受教育程度和年龄会显著提升农村家庭商业保险参与。因此,文章提出加强农村金融知识普及教育,提升农村居民金融素养和金融能力;积极发展农村商业保险,提高抵御风险能力;全面推进乡村振兴,拓宽农民增收致富渠道等建议。

家庭化人口迁移、医保社商合作政策与商业健康保险消费

在家庭化人口迁移趋势愈加明显以及中国医保政策不断推进的背景下,商业健康保险在多层次医疗保障体系中的作用逐渐凸显。通过构建医保社商合作政策的“目标—工具—执行”评价体系,搭建政策编码数据库,对各省份医保社商合作政策的推进力度进行测度。在此基础上利用CHFS2019年数据,全面探讨家庭化人口迁移和医保社商合作政策对商业健康保险消费的影响。回归结果显示,随着家庭化人口迁移程度的加深,家庭对商业健康保险的消费意愿和消费程度均会显著增加;同时中国各地医保社商合作政策能够明显刺激家庭商业健康保险消费,而且将进一步扩大家庭化人口迁移对商业健康保险消费的拉动作用。由异质性分析可知,家庭化人口迁移和医保社商合作政策对商业健康保险消费的拉动影响在东中部地区、健康状况较好的家庭以及户主文化水平在高中及以上的家庭中更为明显。

共同富裕与“公平保险”

要实现共同富裕的发展目标,就要在不同阶层的社会成员之间建立公平分担风险的机制。在风险社会,人们面对着环境污染、气候变化、核威胁、瘟疫、经济衰退等多种风险。由于经济能力不同,富裕阶层和贫困阶层抵御风险的能力存在巨大差异。美国哲学家罗纳德·德沃金设想了一种“公平保险”,试图在经济能力不同、遭遇风险概率不同的人们之间建构一种分担风险的机制。商业保险对人们的经济能力和风险概率都是敏感的,不符合“公平保险”的构想。现行的社会保险制度对人们的经济能力敏感、对具体的风险概率不敏感,能够在风险概率不同的人们之间建构风险分担机制,但却很难在经济能力不同的人们之间建立风险分担机制。“公平保险”的构想为社会保险制度的改进指出了方向。

金融高质量发展助力强国建设背景下巨灾商业保险发展研究——基于粤港澳大湾区实践

推进保险业创新发展是深化金融供给侧结构性改革的重要部分,对加快建设中国特色现代金融体系、提高金融服务经济社会发展的质效具有重要意义。从粤港澳大湾区的实践来看,巨灾商业保险发展可以降低灾害风险对经济的影响,提升社会的整体巨灾应对能力,促进区域内跨境商业活动的顺利开展。文章解析了粤港澳大湾区巨灾商业保险的发展背景、制度设计和金融服务支持现状,深入分析了当前粤港澳大湾区巨灾商业保险发展中存在的个体覆盖问题、市场供给约束及法律保障制度缺陷,结合日、美三大著名湾区巨灾商业保险的发展经验,围绕金融高质量发展,从需求侧出发刺激巨灾保险需求、从供给侧出发释放巨灾保险活力、发挥政府职能推进高质量巨灾商业保险制度设计、探索中国特色的“多层次”巨灾商业保险制度四个方面,提出适合我国国情的巨灾商业保险发展的建议。

房价对家庭商业保险参与的影响——基于CFPS的实证研究

基于2016年与2018年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,利用Probit和Tobit模型实证研究了房价波动对家庭商业保险参与的影响。实证结果表明,房价变动显著地提高了家庭对商业保险购买的概率,且主要通过房价变动所带来的财富效应促进了家庭保险参与。通过倾向得分匹配法(PSM)控制内生性以后,研究结果依然显著,利用更换估计方法和扩充样本的方式进行了稳健性检验,结果仍然稳健。异质性分析表明,房价变动对家庭商业保险参与的促进作用更明显地体现在高收入、城镇地区和较高教育水平的家庭群体中。最后,提出了具体的对策建议。

商业医疗保险的收入再分配效应研究

本文使用2019年中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据,实证分析了商业医疗保险的收入公平分配效应,并对其作用机制进行了探讨。研究表明:商业医疗保险有助于促进群体间的正向收入再分配,显著缩小个体收入差距。商业医疗保险主要通过灾难性医疗支出控制路径、身体健康状况提升路径缓解居民收入差距,而商业保险补偿在提升身体健康状况路径上呈现相反影响。本文以存在问题为导向,借鉴新加坡、荷兰、美国、芬兰等国相关实践经验,为提升商业医疗保险的收入公平分配效果,提出挖掘民众参保需求、完善产品设计开发、健全政府机构和市场主体的医疗控费机制、落实以预防为主的多层次健康管理战略等优化建议。

农业创业、商业性农业保险与数字乡村协调发展探究

农业创业、商业性农业保险、数字乡村三者协调发展是促进农业产业振兴、扭转商业性农业保险经营现状、助力数字乡村建设的有效手段。当前我国农业创业、商业性农业保险与数字乡村发展目标尚未统一,且各参与主体能力有限,三者中两两发展不协调,具体表现为商业性农业保险市场供需失衡及数字技术在农业创业和商业性农业保险服务中的运用严重不足。针对以上问题,提出相应对策建议,促进三者协调发展,推动农业产业兴旺、农村金融创新、农业农村数字化发展,共同助力乡村振兴和农业强国战略的实现。