BACKGROUND Carcinosarcomas of the common bile duct(CBD)are an extremely rare finding in the clinical setting.Based on a review of 12 literatures,3 cases had the imaging features of ossification.Carcinosarcomas are pro...BACKGROUND Carcinosarcomas of the common bile duct(CBD)are an extremely rare finding in the clinical setting.Based on a review of 12 literatures,3 cases had the imaging features of ossification.Carcinosarcomas are prone to distant metastasis,as they possess clinical features of both carcinoma and sarcoma,and generally have with a poor prognosis.Due to the small number of cases reported,clinical experience in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease is lacking.CASE SUMMARY The patient was a 75-year-old woman who had experienced recurrent chills with nausea and vomiting for 3 mo.Computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,endoscopic ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography led to the diagnosis of malignant tumor of the CBD.The patient ultimately underwent cholecystectomy,CBD resection,and choledochojejunostomy.Postoperative pathological examination revealed carcinosarcoma of the CBD,and the latest follow-up showed that the patient is recovering well.Based on previous case reports,some carcinosarcoma has ossification characteristics in imaging.If it is misdiagnosed as biliary calculi,the use of laser lithotripsy in surgery may lead to tumor diffusion.Choledochoscopy and narrow band staining of mucosa are very important for diagnosis.CONCLUSION We herein present a rare case of carcinosarcomas of the CBD,we found the tumours may have imaging features of polypoid growth and ossification only when the sarcomal components are bone differentiation,while show soft tissue shadow when non bone differentiation.Confirmation of diagnosis depends greatly upon postoperative pathological examination and the adjuvant treatment has not been established,which leads to the poor prognosis.展开更多
Synthetic lethality is becoming more and more important in the precise treatment of oncology.Malignant tumors caused by gene mutations involve a complex DNA signaling process,and inhibition of DNA signaling in differe...Synthetic lethality is becoming more and more important in the precise treatment of oncology.Malignant tumors caused by gene mutations involve a complex DNA signaling process,and inhibition of DNA signaling in different ways may more effectively control the occurrence and development of tumors.Inhibition of tumor paired lethal genes effectively kills tumor cells,and more and more novel drugs that inhibit tumors are developing in this direction.This article reviews the synthetic lethal theory and discusses selection of drugs to target mutated genes in common solid tumors.The synthetic lethal gene pairs,representative targeted drugs,and related characteristics of four tumor types:lung cancer,breast cancer,colon cancer and prostate cancer,are systematically reviewed.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Carcinosarcomas of the common bile duct(CBD)are an extremely rare finding in the clinical setting.Based on a review of 12 literatures,3 cases had the imaging features of ossification.Carcinosarcomas are prone to distant metastasis,as they possess clinical features of both carcinoma and sarcoma,and generally have with a poor prognosis.Due to the small number of cases reported,clinical experience in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease is lacking.CASE SUMMARY The patient was a 75-year-old woman who had experienced recurrent chills with nausea and vomiting for 3 mo.Computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,endoscopic ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography led to the diagnosis of malignant tumor of the CBD.The patient ultimately underwent cholecystectomy,CBD resection,and choledochojejunostomy.Postoperative pathological examination revealed carcinosarcoma of the CBD,and the latest follow-up showed that the patient is recovering well.Based on previous case reports,some carcinosarcoma has ossification characteristics in imaging.If it is misdiagnosed as biliary calculi,the use of laser lithotripsy in surgery may lead to tumor diffusion.Choledochoscopy and narrow band staining of mucosa are very important for diagnosis.CONCLUSION We herein present a rare case of carcinosarcomas of the CBD,we found the tumours may have imaging features of polypoid growth and ossification only when the sarcomal components are bone differentiation,while show soft tissue shadow when non bone differentiation.Confirmation of diagnosis depends greatly upon postoperative pathological examination and the adjuvant treatment has not been established,which leads to the poor prognosis.
文摘Synthetic lethality is becoming more and more important in the precise treatment of oncology.Malignant tumors caused by gene mutations involve a complex DNA signaling process,and inhibition of DNA signaling in different ways may more effectively control the occurrence and development of tumors.Inhibition of tumor paired lethal genes effectively kills tumor cells,and more and more novel drugs that inhibit tumors are developing in this direction.This article reviews the synthetic lethal theory and discusses selection of drugs to target mutated genes in common solid tumors.The synthetic lethal gene pairs,representative targeted drugs,and related characteristics of four tumor types:lung cancer,breast cancer,colon cancer and prostate cancer,are systematically reviewed.
