Smart Grid Communication Technologies

The smart grid is a new generation of standard power distribution grid. The communication infrastructure is critical for the successful operation of the modern smart grids. The use of communication technologies ensures the reduction of energy consumption, optimal operation of the smart grid and coordination between all smart grids’ components from generation to the end users. This paper presents an overview of existing communication technologies such as ZigBee, WLAN, cellular communication, WiMAX, Power Line Communication (PLC), their implementation in smart grids, advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, the paper shows comparison of communication infrastructure between the legacy grid and the smart grid and smart grid communication standards. The paper also presents research challenges and future trends in communication systems for smart grid application.

The challenge of wide application of information and communication technologies to traditional location theory

The wide application of information and communication technologies （ICTs） has been argued to be critical to spatial transformation of firms. Recent advances in the studies along this line have challenged traditional location theory. The existing literature, however, focuses mainly on the impacts of ICTs on Iocational conditions and industrial spatial distribution. The dynamics behind such changes have not yet been given sufficient attention by geographers. Given this background, this paper investigates the impact of new ICTs on traditional location theory and the dynamics of industrial re-location that are enabled by new ICTs, based on data collected from an investigation of 178 firms. The paper argues that the application of new ICTs has been a key location factor in the information age, and that the time-cost is becoming critical to the spatial organization of firms, particularly as a result of a shorter product life and mass customization, among other dynamics.

A review on synchrophasor communication system:communication technologies,standards and applications

The present-day power system is a complex network that caters to the demands of several applications with diverse energy requirements.Such a complex network is susceptible to faults caused due to several reasons such as the failure of the equipment,hostile weather conditions,etc.These faults if not detected in the real-time may lead to cascading failures resulting in a blackout.These blackouts have catastrophic consequences which result in a huge loss of resources.For example,a blackout in 2004 caused an economic loss of 10 billion U.S dollars as per the report of the Electricity Consumers Resource Council.Subsequent investigation of the blackout revealed that the catastrophe could have been prevented if there was an early warning system.Similar other blackouts across the globe forced the power system engineers to devise an effective solution for real-time monitoring and control of the power system.The consequence of these efforts is the wide area measurement system(WAMS).The WAMS consists of several sensors known as the phasor measurement units(PMUs)that collect the real information pertaining to the health of the power grid.This information in the form time synchronized voltage and current phasors is communicated to the central control center or the phasor data concentrator(PDC)where the data is analyzed for detection of power system anomalies.The communication of the synchrophasor data from each PMU to the PDC constitutes the synchrophasor communication system(SPCS).Thus,the SPCS can be considered as the edifice of the WAMS and its reliable operation is essential for the effective monitoring and control of the power system.This paper presents a comprehensive review of the various synchrophasor communication technologies,communication standards and applications.It also identifies the existing knowledge gaps and the scope for future research work.

The Impact of Communication Technologies on Social Structure——Take the Example of Smart City

Human society has entered the era of digit and internet,and the communication technology is one of the important factors which result in changes of social structure.Smart City is an active attempt to future urban development,to use the communication technology as an constitutive element of smart city from the economic base to the superstructure,production relation to exchange relation.Digitization and networking are committed to reflect the state of human's comprehensive development,which is an important stage of emancipation of humanity itself.Communication technology can bring people's initiative into full play and learning in development and establish the harmonious relationships during the interaction.This article is based on the example of smart city,which analyzed the impact of communication technologies on social structure from different aspects.

Drivers for Inter-city Innovation Networks Across Chinese Cities:Modelling Physical Versus Intangible Effects

Cross-region innovation is widely recognized as an important source of the long-term regional innovation capacity.In the recent past,a growing number of studies has investigated the network structure and mechanisms of cross-region innovation collaboration in various contexts.However,existing research mainly focuses on physical effects,such as geographical distance and high-speed railway connections.These studies ignore the intangible drivers in a changing environment,the more digitalized economy and the increasingly solidified innovation network structure.Thus,the focus of this study is on estimating determinants of innovation networks,especially on intangible drivers,which have been largely neglected so far.Using city-level data of Chinese patents(excluding Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan Province of China),we trace innovation networks across Chinese cities over a long period of time.By integrating a measure on Information and Communications Technology(ICT)development gap and network structural effects into the general proximity framework,this paper explores the changing mechanisms of Chinese innovation networks from a new perspective.The results show that the structure of cross-region innovation networks has changed in China.As mechanisms behind this development,the results confirm the increasingly important role of intangible drivers in Chinese inter-city innovation collaboration when controlling for effects of physical proximity,such as geographical distance.Since digitalization and coordinated development are the mainstream trends in China and other developing countries,these countries'inter-city innovation collaboration patterns will witness dramatic changes under the influence of intangible drivers.

Deep Learning Recognition for Arabic Alphabet Sign Language RGB Dataset

This paper introduces a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model for Arabic Sign Language (AASL) recognition, using the AASL dataset. Recognizing the fundamental importance of communication for the hearing-impaired, especially within the Arabic-speaking deaf community, the study emphasizes the critical role of sign language recognition systems. The proposed methodology achieves outstanding accuracy, with the CNN model reaching 99.9% accuracy on the training set and a validation accuracy of 97.4%. This study not only establishes a high-accuracy AASL recognition model but also provides insights into effective dropout strategies. The achieved high accuracy rates position the proposed model as a significant advancement in the field, holding promise for improved communication accessibility for the Arabic-speaking deaf community.

Research on the Development of 5G Wireless Communication in the Industrial Field

The development of science and technology is the key to changing human life and promoting social and economic development.As a product of technological development,the widespread application of communication technology has brought a brand new“dawn”to the development of human society.5G wireless communication technology is an advanced wireless communication technology that has recently developed.With the advantages of low energy consumption and high network speed,5G technology has shown very bright development prospects in various fields today.Government,operators and equipment providers are actively promoting and deploying 5G technology,and all links in the industry chain are mature.It is expected that the future market size will reach 17 trillion,especially in today’s industrial field,the application of 5G technology will further enhance work efficiency,ensure work quality,and promote good development in the industrial field.Based on this,this paper will study the development of 5G wireless technology in the industrial field,so as to provide corresponding reference for the good application of 5G technology in the industrial field.

Mental Health Impacts of Information and Communication Technology Usage in South Africa

This study examined mental health issues affecting the group of individuals who are in the social media contact list of the researchers.This was done by administering a closed structured questionnaire,covering information from participants’demographic characteristics,duration of time spent on ICT usage,to their perceived health effects thereof.Male respondents,largely unemployed are active ICT users,addicted to the Internet,and also suf-fer from unspecified ailments.Aged 31–35 and above,half of men and all women participants spend more than 5 h per day.High-intensive ICT use is associated,in general,with concurrent symptoms of information overload,depression and Internet addiction.It is insignificantly associated with composite stress.Medium intensive ICT use is correlated with fatigue and depression in equal measure but in opposite direction.There are significant differ-ences in demographic attributes as they explain intensity of ICT Usage.The older the employed survey partici-pants are,the less they suffer from composite stress.However,black South Africans suffer significantly from composite stress,fatigue and depression,though negatively from internet addiction.The results also indicate that South African men have negative experiences of composite stress,depression and internet addiction.Educated South Africans have negative experiences of fatigue,but positive experiences of composite stress,depression and internet addiction.Low intensive use of ICT has no impact on composite stress,fatigue and depressive moods of survey participants.It impacts negatively on internet addiction.Medium intensive use of ICT impacts posi-tively on survey participants’experiences of fatigue,but negatively on composite stress,depression and internet addiction.High-intensive use of ICT impacts positively on survey participants’experiences of composite stress and depression.

RoF Communication Technology and Its Application Prospect

The Radio over Fiber (RoF) communication technology combines the technical advantages of both fiber communication and wireless mobile communication to solve the problems of bandwidth,flexibility and electromagnetic interference.Research of the technology is drawing wide concerns around the world.However,high cost becomes a drawback of this technology at present.In this article the RoF Multi-System Access (RoFMA) scheme is proposed.The scheme makes use of the Optical Time Division Multiplexing (OTDM) and multi-system multiplex/de-multiplex technologies to lower the access cost.The article also predicts good development and market prospect of the RoFMA technology.

Status Quo and Prospect of Millimeter Wave RoF Communication Technology

The optical communication technology features low cost,wide band,low loss,and anti-electromagnetic interference performance.By combining the optical communication technology with the radio millimeter wave communication system,the Millimeter Wave Radio over Fiber (MM-RoF) system boasts a lot of advantages,including wide band,small size,light weight,low cost,low loss,and resistance of electromagnetic interference as well as high transmission quality.The MM-RoF technology solves the problems faced by traditional microwave transmission system at the millimeter wave band,namely,high loss and inability to resist interference efficiently.Meanwhile,it puts an end to the bottleneck of millimeter wave electronic devices and thus is deemed as with great potentials.The MM-ROF technology that supports multiple formats and services signifies one of the significant trends for future development of the MM-RoF system.

The Effects of Information and Communication Technology on Health Service Delivery at Tafo Government Hospital

This study sought to find out the effects of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on health service delivery at Tafo Government Hospital. A descriptive survey design was used. Data were collected through the use of semi-structured questionnaire and administered to 50 respondents where stratified random sampling technique was used by ranking position as strata. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. From the findings, 56% of the respondents overwhelmingly agreed to the fact that the applications of ICT provide quicker medical diagnoses, reduced workload among users, improvement in patients’ waiting time and information accessibility. Nonetheless, 72% bemoaned lack of ICT infrastructure, poor ICT network concerns coupled with that insufficient knowledge on the use of ICT could impede the impact of ICT in quality service delivery. This could be deduced from the findings that ICT improves collaboration and clinical decision support in facilitating clinical work flow integration among nurses and other medical professionals. Moreover, the findings above affirm the fact that without electricity, ICT infrastructure, insufficient skills and technical knowledge in dealing with ICT innovations, it is impossible to successfully adopt ICT resources in health care delivery. The above findings show that the majority of healthcare professional generally had a positive attitude towards ICT prospects as they rated their skill as fairly well. The study recommends that the Ministry of Health plays a supporting role by investing in health care ICT.

International Telecommunication Union Standardization for Trust Provisioning in Information, Communication and Technology Infrastructure toward Achieving United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals

The advancement of the fourth industrial revolution has shaped the integration and interaction of different information, communication and technologies (ICTs) in the merging cyber, physical, and social infrastructures. The impact of ICT has accelerated the progress of the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) and influenced the evolution of smart, sustainable, stable society development. Making the trustworthy information and communication technologies infrastructure widely available will promote the community innovation needed to stimulate domestic economics, provide decent work, and reduce inequalities. This article attempts to outline a big picture about the International Telecommunication Union (ITU)’s trust provisioning framework, including its motivation, current status, and application for achieving the UN SDGs by 2030. This article first describes the purpose of the UN SDGs and the evolution of the industrial revolution, then demonstrates the challenges of global risks affecting the fourth industrial revolution and the need for trustworthy ICT infrastructures. Subsequently, the article evaluates the ITU trust provisioning framework and assesses its applications in the future knowledge society, trust provisioning ecosystem, and cyber, physical, and social infrastructure toward achieving UN SDGs. Use cases are also presented in this article to show the effectiveness of the ITU trust provisioning framework on achieving UN SDGs.

Introduction to ZTE Communications

ZTE Communications is a quarterly peer-reviewed technical magazine ISSN （1673-5188） and CODEN （ZCTOAK）. It is edited, published and distributed by ZTE Corporation. The magazine focuses on hot topics and cutting edge technologies in the telecom industry. It has been listed in the UIrich＇s Periodicals Directory, Index of Copernicus （IC）, and Cambridge Scientific Abstracts （CSA）. ZTE Communications is distributed to telecom operators, science and technology research institutes, and colleges and universities in more than 140 countries.

Overview of Key Technologies for Remote Wireless Operation Platform on Water Surface

The underwater environment is complicated and full of hazards,making it tough to complete with just one piece of underwater operation equipment.Building a high-speed,low-latency wireless connection between a remote wireless operation platform on water surface and other operation platforms in order to achieve long-distance transmission of high-definition image data and control commands,as well as collaborative operations among multiple platforms,has become a development trend and focus of exploring complex and dangerous waters.This paper summarizes and elaborates on underwater communication technology,long-distance data transmission technology,multi-submersible robot collaborative operation,and information interaction technology,as well as the development status of key technologies of remote wireless operation platform on water surface.And the research direction and focus of the remote wireless operation platform on water surface are prospected.

Information Communication Technology(ICT信息传播技术)Rules

ICT,including the Internet and e-mail,is provided for students as part of their learning.Parents'permission is required.Remember that access(准入)is a privilege(特别待遇),not a right,and thataccess requires responsibility.

LM-3B Successfully Launched Communications Technology Test Satellite 2

At 23:18 Beijing time on January 5,a LM-3B carrier rocket lifted off from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center,sending a communication technology test satellite into its preset orbit.This successful launch was a good start for China’s launch missions in 2017.The Communications Technology Test Satellite 2 was developed by the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology.It is a next-generation telecom-

Are we ready for telemonitoring inflammatory bowel disease?A review of advances,enablers,and barriers

This review summarizes the evidence about telemonitoring in patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD). To give an overview of the advances performed, as well as the enablers and barriers which favoured/hindered telemonitoring implementation. We performed a literature search in Pub Med, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Database, Web of Science and Conference Proceedings. Titles and abstracts published up to September 2022 were screened for a set of inclusion criteria: telemonitoring intervention, IBD as the main disease, and a primary study performed. Ninety-seven reports were selected for full review. Finally, 20 were included for data extraction and critical appraisal. Most studies used telemonitoring combined with tele-education, and programs evolved from home telemanagement systems towards web portals through m Health applications. Web systems demonstrated patients’ acceptance, improvement in quality of life, disease activity and knowledge, with a good cost-effectiveness profile in the short-term. Initially, telemonitoring was almost restricted to ulcerative colitis, but new patient reported outcome measures, home-based tests and mobile devices favoured its expansion to different patients’ categories. However, technological and knowledge advances led to legal, ethical, economical and logistic issues. Standardization of remote healthcare is necessary, to improve the interoperability of systems as well as to address liability concerns and users’ preferences. Telemonitoring IBD is well accepted and improves clinical outcomes at a lower cost in the short-term. Funders, policymakers, providers, and patients need to align their interests to overcome the emerging barriers for its full implementation.

Unmanned aerial vehicle based intelligent triage system in mass-casualty incidents using 5G and artificial intelligence

BACKGROUND:Rapid on-site triage is critical after mass-casualty incidents(MCIs)and other mass injury events.Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)have been used in MCIs to search and rescue wounded individuals,but they mainly depend on the UAV operator’s experience.We used UAVs and artificial intelligence(AI)to provide a new technique for the triage of MCIs and more efficient solutions for emergency rescue.METHODS:This was a preliminary experimental study.We developed an intelligent triage system based on two AI algorithms,namely OpenPose and YOLO.Volunteers were recruited to simulate the MCI scene and triage,combined with UAV and Fifth Generation(5G)Mobile Communication Technology real-time transmission technique,to achieve triage in the simulated MCI scene.RESULTS:Seven postures were designed and recognized to achieve brief but meaningful triage in MCIs.Eight volunteers participated in the MCI simulation scenario.The results of simulation scenarios showed that the proposed method was feasible in tasks of triage for MCIs.CONCLUSION:The proposed technique may provide an alternative technique for the triage of MCIs and is an innovative method in emergency rescue.

高职ICT国际化人才培养SWOT分析及途径研究

在国家“一带一路”倡议下,国内许多高职院校实施了国际化人才培养,且成效明显。文章对国际化人才培养方面的国内外文献进行了研究综述,运用SWOT法对ICT国际化人才培养的机遇、挑战和优势、劣势进行了分析,最后从人才培养模式、课程体系、具体举措等方面阐述了ICT国际化人才培养的途径。

Design of Intelligent Pension Online Monitoring System Under the Environment of Internet of Things

With the improvement of the degree of aging,the traditional pension model can no longer meet the growing needs of the elderly.Therefore,it is necessary to use the intelligent means of information technology to improve the level of pension services.This paper will integrate multi-sensor fusion technology,NB-IoT communication technology and cloud platform technology to develop and design a smart pension online monitoring system to realize real-time collection of human health and motion status information and realize monitoring platform management.In this system,STM32 microcontroller will be used as the main control module,and MAX30102,ADXL345 and DS18B20 sensors will be used to collect the heart rate,blood oxygen,displacement and body temperature of the human body in real time.On the one hand,the communication part is completed by the BC20 Internet of Things module.The data transmission between the terminal detection device and the cloud platform,on the other hand,the HC-42 Bluetooth module is used to complete the data communication with the mobile phone.The test results show that the system can collect and process data accurately in real time and maintain good communication with the cloud platform and mobile phone.The designed system has strong pertinence,easy operation,high reliability and broad development prospects.