利用耦合了CLM4(Community Land Model)的CAM5.1(Community Atmosphere Model)模式研究了中国东部地区城市范围扩展对东亚春季气候的可能影响.结果表明城市化改变了地面能量平衡,表现为地面净辐射通量和感热通量增加,地面潜热通量减小,...利用耦合了CLM4(Community Land Model)的CAM5.1(Community Atmosphere Model)模式研究了中国东部地区城市范围扩展对东亚春季气候的可能影响.结果表明城市化改变了地面能量平衡,表现为地面净辐射通量和感热通量增加,地面潜热通量减小,造成近地面温度、日最高气温和最低气温升高,气温日较差增大,且近地面增温的幅度与城市比例密切相关,但对城市范围扩展的响应具有一定程度的不确定性.城市范围扩展所引起的近地面热力强迫可以影响到东亚地区低层大气环流,但由于近地面对不同程度城市范围扩展的热力响应具有非线性变化,导致东亚春季低空环流的变化也具有一定的不确定性,但其总体上会减弱长江中下游以南地区的西南气流.因此,中国东部地区的城市范围扩展会使得长江以北地区春季降水量偏少而长江以南地区降水量偏多,造成东亚春季雨带南移.展开更多
The Asselin-Robert time filter used in the leapfrog scheme can degrade the accuracy of calculations.The second-order Adams-Bashforth method with the same accuracy as the leapfrog scheme is not subject to time splittin...The Asselin-Robert time filter used in the leapfrog scheme can degrade the accuracy of calculations.The second-order Adams-Bashforth method with the same accuracy as the leapfrog scheme is not subject to time splitting instability.A new semi-implicit atmospheric general circulation spectral model is developed on the basis of NCAR（National Center for Atmospheric Research）CAM3.0（Community Atmosphere Model 3.0）.In this new model,the second-order Adams-Bashforth method is used as an alternative to the leapfrog scheme,and a Crank-Nicholson scheme is incorporated for the treatment of fast gravity modes.In this paper,the new model is tested by the Held-Suarez test and an idealized baroclinic wave test.Results of the Held-Suarez test show that the second-order Adams-Bashforth model has similar climate states to those of many other global models and it converges with resolutions.Based on the idealized baroclinic wave test,the capability of different time differencing methods for keeping the initial steady-state are compared. This convinces a better ability of the second-order Adams-Bashforth method in maintaining the stability of the initial state.Furthermore,after the baroclinic wave is triggered through overlaying the steady-state initial conditions with the zonal perturbation,the second-order Adams-Bashforth method has an excellent property of convergence,and can represent the process of the baroclinic wave development much better than the original scheme in CAM3.0.A long-term integration of the new model during the period of 1980–1999 is also carried out and compared with that of CAM3.0.It is found that due to the reduction of simulation errors of prognostic variables,the second-order Adams-Bashforth method also has a better simulation ability for the diagnostic variables,such as precipitation.展开更多
文摘利用耦合了CLM4(Community Land Model)的CAM5.1(Community Atmosphere Model)模式研究了中国东部地区城市范围扩展对东亚春季气候的可能影响.结果表明城市化改变了地面能量平衡,表现为地面净辐射通量和感热通量增加,地面潜热通量减小,造成近地面温度、日最高气温和最低气温升高,气温日较差增大,且近地面增温的幅度与城市比例密切相关,但对城市范围扩展的响应具有一定程度的不确定性.城市范围扩展所引起的近地面热力强迫可以影响到东亚地区低层大气环流,但由于近地面对不同程度城市范围扩展的热力响应具有非线性变化,导致东亚春季低空环流的变化也具有一定的不确定性,但其总体上会减弱长江中下游以南地区的西南气流.因此,中国东部地区的城市范围扩展会使得长江以北地区春季降水量偏少而长江以南地区降水量偏多,造成东亚春季雨带南移.
基金the China Meteorological Administration Special Fund for GRAPES System Numerical Prediction
文摘The Asselin-Robert time filter used in the leapfrog scheme can degrade the accuracy of calculations.The second-order Adams-Bashforth method with the same accuracy as the leapfrog scheme is not subject to time splitting instability.A new semi-implicit atmospheric general circulation spectral model is developed on the basis of NCAR（National Center for Atmospheric Research）CAM3.0（Community Atmosphere Model 3.0）.In this new model,the second-order Adams-Bashforth method is used as an alternative to the leapfrog scheme,and a Crank-Nicholson scheme is incorporated for the treatment of fast gravity modes.In this paper,the new model is tested by the Held-Suarez test and an idealized baroclinic wave test.Results of the Held-Suarez test show that the second-order Adams-Bashforth model has similar climate states to those of many other global models and it converges with resolutions.Based on the idealized baroclinic wave test,the capability of different time differencing methods for keeping the initial steady-state are compared. This convinces a better ability of the second-order Adams-Bashforth method in maintaining the stability of the initial state.Furthermore,after the baroclinic wave is triggered through overlaying the steady-state initial conditions with the zonal perturbation,the second-order Adams-Bashforth method has an excellent property of convergence,and can represent the process of the baroclinic wave development much better than the original scheme in CAM3.0.A long-term integration of the new model during the period of 1980–1999 is also carried out and compared with that of CAM3.0.It is found that due to the reduction of simulation errors of prognostic variables,the second-order Adams-Bashforth method also has a better simulation ability for the diagnostic variables,such as precipitation.
