Conflicts and Countermeasures between Haba Snow Mountain Nature Reserve and Development of Peripheral Communities

Using research approaches such as questionnaire investigation, interview, and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PAR), the relationship between Haba Snow Mountain Nature Reserve and peripheral communities was studied. The results showed that there are lots of conflicts between Haba Snow Mountain Nature Reserve and peripheral communities. On the one hand, conservation of natural environment brings inconvenience to the development of peripheral communities, such as limiting the use of resources, constraining space of development, resulting in economic losses, reducing tourist income, and low compensation. On the other hand, peripheral communities' development threats conservation of the natural environment, for instance, illegal deforestation, illegal mining, over-harvesting, over-grazing and non-ecotourism. Therefore, effective suggestions were given as "scientific planning of functional areas, enhancing economic compensation, devoting more in ecotourism development, and realizing the cooperation of communities".

国家公园建设与社区发展的隐性冲突分析——基于东北虎豹国家公园的田野调查

社区发展是中国国家公园体制建设的重要组成部分,纾解国家公园建设与社区发展的隐性冲突对于实现国家公园高质量发展至关重要。为回答隐性冲突呈现何种特征、由何引发、何以纾解的问题,本文以东北虎豹国家公园为典型案例,基于从国有森工企业及其所属林场、村屯获取的93份质性材料与452份调查数据,从冲突的客体、主体和表现形式三个方面深描隐性冲突的表现特征,并引入制度逻辑视角解构隐性冲突的形成逻辑。研究结果表明:物质利益减少、社会资源受限、权利配置不合理与身心健康受损引发的社区居民与其他行为主体的情绪对立,是隐性冲突最具代表性的表现特征;国家公园场域内的制度逻辑存在内在缺陷、行为主体响应策略不完善且调适策略有效性不足是隐性冲突产生的原因。本文从完善生态制度逻辑、健全购买服务策略、优化保险理赔策略和探索构建调适策略四个方面提出纾解方案。本文的研究发现深化了对隐性冲突及其产生机理的理解,并对国家公园治理的策略选择具有实践启示。