Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Community Pharmacy Services on Rational Medication Use in Elderly Patients with Hypertension and Diabetes

Objective:To explore the effect of community pharmacy services on rational medication use in elderly patients with hypertension and diabetes.Methods:Between November 2022 and December 2023,80 elderly patients with hypertension and diabetes were selected and randomly divided into a control group(routine medication guidance)and an observation group(community pharmacy services),with 40 subjects each.The medication effect scores,blood pressure,blood sugar levels,and quality of life scores before and after intervention were compared between the two groups.Results:Comparison of pharmaceutical knowledge,medication compliance,and safe medication behavior scores showed that the observation group had higher scores as compared to the control group(P<0.05);blood pressure(systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,heart rate)and blood sugar(fasting blood glucose,2 h postprandial blood glucose,glycated hemoglobin)index levels were compared,and the observation group’s index levels were lower than those of the control group(P<0.05);the scores of physical health,mental health,social relationships,and environment in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Community pharmacy services improved the rational medication effect of elderly patients with hypertension and diabetes,and improved their blood pressure,blood sugar control levels,and quality of life.

Investigation and Analysis of Factors Influencing the Quality of Community Nursing Services in Laishan District,Yantai City

Objective:The purpose of this study is to conduct an in-depth investigation and analysis of the factors affecting the quality of community nursing services in Laishan District,Yantai City,and provide suggestions for improving the quality of the services.Method:The community nursing services in Laishan District,Yantai City were investigated through questionnaires and on-site observations.Result:The content of nursing services was correlated with the professional titles of the staff.The guidance given to patients and caregivers was significantly correlated with the educational level of community nursing personnel.Therefore,this indicates that the professional titles and educational backgrounds of the community nursing personnel have a significant impact on the quality of service provided.Conclusion:The role of professional title evaluation can be optimized,further enhancing the educational level of nurses in surrounding communities,optimizing service content and methods,etc.,in order to improve the quality of community nursing services in the region.

The Role of Library and Information Science Education in the Development of Community Health Information Services for People Living with HIV/AIDS: Perspectives of Directors and Managers of Public Libraries

This article identifies the role of library and information science (LIS) education in the development of community health information services for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Preliminary findings are presented from semi- structured qualitative interviews that were conducted with eleven directors and managers of local branches in the Knox County Public Library (KCPL) System that is located in the East Tennessee region in the United States. Select feedback reported by research participants is summarized in the article about strategies in LIS education that can help local public librarians and others in their efforts to become more responsive information providers to PLWHA. Research findings help better understand the issues and concerns regarding the development of digital and non-digital health information services for PLWHA in local public library institutions.

Research progress on the health status and community management service needs of mobile elderly people

The health status of the floating elderly population and the need of community management services are complex and important problems.Owing to the change of living environment and the insecure medical care,the mobile elderly people have more health and psy-chological problems compared to the rest of the elderly population.Therefore,the community should take a variety of measures to meet their needs and help them to better adapt to the new living environment,and maintain their physical and mental health.This paper aims to summarize recent studies on the physical and emotional health problems of mobile elderly people and related community management service needs.

Optimization Strategies of Beijing Elderly Care Service Stations Based on Questionnaire Survey Method: A Case Study of Zhanlan Road Street of Xicheng District

4 elderly care service stations in Zhanlan Road Street,Xicheng District,Beijing are selected,and questionnaires are designed and distributed to the surrounding elderly population to understand their needs and satisfaction with the station environment.By observing elderly care service stations on site,the characteristics,obstacles,and shortcomings of the environment are recorded,and relevant data are collected and analyzed,such as the characteristics of the elderly population being interviewed,the planning and design data of the station environment,and the distribution of service facilities.The overall characteristics of the spatial environment of elderly care stations are summarized,and renovation measures and optimization suggestions are provided for the current shortcomings,thereby providing some basis for the spatial design of community elderly care service stations in the future.

Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Coverage Rate of Commercial Facilities in 15-minute Radius Livelihood Service Circles of Chunshu Street

Building a 15-minute radius livelihood service circle from the needs of residents is a topdown process of optimizing urban layout and promoting high-quality development implemented by the government.In September 2022,Xicheng District of Beijing served as a national pilot of the 15-minute radius livelihood service circle.Based on the data of POI,urban walking network and building outline,this paper studies the coverage of commercial service facilities in the 15-minute radius livelihood service circle of Chunshu Street by using kernel density analysis and urban network analysis tools.The research shows that the commercial facilities are concentrated in Zhuangsheng Square and Dazhalan commercial district.There are large gaps in housekeeping and couriers logistics facilities,which need to be further improved.

Self-harm attempters' perception of community services and its implication on service provision

Objective:This study aimed at exploring the attempters'perception of community social services included any barriers to seeking help and services.Method:The participants were patients with self-harming behavior aged 15 years or above.A set of guiding questions were designed to explore the general barriers and accessibility to community social services.A voice recording was made,which was later converted into a text transcript and then preceded for content analysis with co-occurrence and similarity matrix interpretation.Two males and nine females with a history of self-harm aged between 24 and 58 years were recruited for the interviews.Result:The participants had diverse experiences and backgrounds,and attitudes toward community social services.However,there was a shared perception of the need to enhance community social services.There were four main themes and 12 sub themes identified.The main theme included the service availability,service accessibility,affordability and acceptability.For details,participants were unaware of the available types of care/social services in the community,and were unaware about the nearby social services.They also suggested extending service hours and focused services should be offered to help people with different backgrounds and needs.Actually,those with experience of service utilization had both positive and negative perspectives and they gave suggestions for service delivery,mainly extending service hours and offering focused services such as for gambling control and financial planning.In view of interaction with service providers,counseling skills and trust were highly appreciated by the participants.Conclusion:The results identified common circumstances of falling into financial hardship(gambling)and social fragmentation(divorce,poor family relationships,and poor marital relationships),which also suggested to enhance services on center location,service arrangement,and skill of caregivers.

Community Participation in the Decentralized Health and Water Services Delivery in Tanzania

This article examined community participation in the delivery of water and primary health care services in the Local Government Authorities (LGAs) in Tanzania. This was the descriptive research study which employed both qualitative and quantitative research designs involving a total of 208 respondents. Where 127 respondents filled in the questionnaires, 51 respondents participated in the in-depth interviews and 30 respondents participated in the Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). The results indicate that decentralization reforms have facilitated the formation of health and water services governance structures that facilitate community participation in the service delivery. The findings further revealed the means through which community participated in the delivery of services, i.e., from participating in the meetings, project initiation and management, to membership in various statutory services boards and committees.

Social and Environmental Impacts of Maryland Oil Palm Plantations on Forests,Biodiversity,and Community Livelihoods in Liberia

Liberia holds 44.5% of the remaining portion of the Upper Guinean Rainforest in West Africa,which is home to critically endangered forest elephants and western chimpanzees.The forests are of vital importance for the livelihoods of millions of West Africans and provide key ecosystem services of local and global importance for food systems transformation and agroecology.Liberia’s efforts toward land reform through legislation and policies recognise communities’rights to own and manage their customary lands and resources.These include the National Forestry Reform Law of 2006,the Community Rights Law Concerning Forest Lands of 2009,and the Land Rights Act of 2018,and more.In May 2022,a program team from the Sustainable Development Institute(SDI)-Friends of the Earth Liberia researched the social and environmental impacts of Maryland Oil Palm Plantations(MOPPs)in Liberia.Twenty-three(23)key informant interviews(KIIs)and 10 focus group discussions(FGDs)were conducted in seven communities in and around the MOPP.They included farmers,contract workers,MOPP staff,local authorities,women and youth leaders,the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)Inspector,the Civil Society Head,and the Gender Coordinator of Maryland County.The team cross-checked information with formal documents as much as possible and took photographs and global positioning system(GPS)locations of areas of deforestation,pollution,and conflict.The team also used observation to monitor environmental pollution,such as affluent into water bodies and planting oil palm in wetlands.The team used narrative analysis and geospatial landscape analysis to analyze the data.The research finds that land conflict and deforestation have several negative impacts on communities.MOPP has not respected land tenure rights or followed Free Prior and Informed Consent(FPIC)standards,including resettlement without reparation and destruction of farms and old towns without(sufficient)compensation or restitution.During MOPP land acquisition and clearance,communities experienced the loss of their farms and the identification of villages as“village de squatters”,leading to restricted access to farmland,heightened food insecurity,and reduced income from cash crops to support families.MOPP destroyed high conservation value areas and destroyed secondary forest regrowth,which affected important biodiversity areas.MOPP is one of the four large-scale industrial palm oil plantations in Liberia in Maryland County.It has a palm oil mill in a joint venture with Golden Veroleum Liberia(GVL).Its 2011 concession agreement includes 8,800 hectares for industrial palm oil plantations.

State of Cartographic Services among the East African Community Member States

The East African Community is a regional block that brings together Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi and South Sudan into various forms of economic partnership, the eventual dream being to achieve political federation. The current activities within this community, plus the block’s further development, require the generation and sharing of much geo-information to support the attendant decision-making. Such geo-information can be best served through a harmonized cartographic service with common standards. Such a harmonized service is not only lacking, but even the status of the current national services is also largely unknown. This paper reports on a study undertaken to establish this status, as represented by twelve elements of a cartographic service that the authors are able to establish. Results of the study have shown that the present national services are characterized by inadequate basic datasets that remain largely analogue. In addition, there are non-uniform spatial reference systems, inadequate cartographic human resources and lack of common mapping standards;further, funding for mapping activities remains low in national budgets. Given that over 80% of decisions are influenced by geo-spatial data, these findings point to an urgent need to improve, harmonize and digitize these services as the way forward, if the East African Community is to remain globally competitive.

Study on the development of mental health services for the elderly in community

With the aging of the population and the change of family structure, the physical and mental health of the elderly has become the focus of attention at home and abroad. The traditional mental health service in our country is narrow and the form is single, which can not meet the needs of the elderly. This paper based on the analysis of characteristics of community, community mental health services with respect to the unique advantages of Chinese traditional psychological service mode in the maintenance of the mental health of the elderly, with a unique entry point to analyze the problems of psychological services in community elderly, puts forward a sound proposal, summed up the community mental health service is suitable to China＇s national conditions, the practical significance of the road,

Building Harmonious Community & Innovating Social Management and Services

Communities are the basic units as well as cell of the society. Community management and service is of fundamental significance for socia harmony, and also an important part of socia management innovation. Recent years

Clustering Analysis of the Basic Structure of Relevant Community Service Organizations in Cities in China

With the gradually development of economy in China, people＇s living stan- dards have been improved, which makes people have higher and higher require- ments on the quality of life, and thus community service has become and essential part in people＇s life. In order to understand the basic building blocks of community service organizations in different cities in China, classification comparison was made to the data of 31 cities in China from China Statistical Year Book （2014） by using SPSS clustering method and the fuzzy clustering method, so as to find out the dif- ferences and the causes of the differences, with the aim to promote the manage- ment of relevant government and personnel.

Factors Affecting Patient Satisfaction with Community Health Service under the Gatekeeper System:A Cross-sectional Study in Nanjing,China

The gatekeeper policy has been implemented for approximately ten years on a pilot population in China. It is necessary to assess the satisfaction of patients utilizing community health service（CHS） under the gatekeeper system. Our study showed that the cognition of gatekeeper policy was associated with four dimensions including doctor‐patient relationships, information and support, organization of care, and accessibility（P 〈 0.001）. One or more factors such as gender and self‐perceived health scores also affected their satisfaction. General practitioners must be prepared to focus on these aspects of information and support, organization of care, and accessibility as indicators of potential opportunities for improvement. Additionally, policymakers can improve patients＇ satisfaction with CHS by strengthening their awareness of the gatekeeper policy.

A Hybrid Approach for Selection in Service Community

Although there have been existing competitions among web service （WS） providers, they still have opportunities to cooperate together for common profits. WS community as a mean to provide an ontological organization of WSs that share the same domain of interest has realized this kind of fancy in the sense that providers can work together to compete against others outside the community. Service selection in WS community is different from the traditional service selection, since WS community should take into account its own benefits. Therefore, we propose a hybrid approach to make service selection in WS community. The approach considers the profits of both WS community and the services within it. The experimental evaluation shows that the approach has a great advantage over other approach without consideration of community＇s benefits.

SERVICE COMMUNITY CONSTRUCTION METHOD OF INTERNET OF THINGS BASED ON SEMANTIC SIMILARITY

Internet of Things (IoT) as an important and ubiquitous service paradigm is one of the most important issues in IoT applications to provide terminal users with effective and efficient services based on service community. This paper presents a semantic-based similarity algorithm to build the IoT service community. Firstly, the algorithm reflects that the nodes of IoT contain a wealth of semantic information and makes them to build into the concept tree. Then tap the similarity of the semantic information based on the concept tree. Finally, we achieve the optimization of the service community through greedy algorithm and control the size of the service community by adjusting the threshold. Simulation results show the effectiveness and feasibility of this algorithm.

Based on the service supply chain to explore urban community endowment service problems and solutions——Based on the survey of Wuhan

This article introduces the connotation and operation mode of ‘Service Supply Chain’ into the research of community endowment service, based on the present situation investigation in different types of community endowment service in Hongshan and Wuchang district of Wuhan, combines with the operation concept of service supply chain to analysis the present bottleneck factors existing in the urban community of endowment service supply chain, and concludes the solving measures. This paper aims to improve the service level of the community endowment in all aspects, and concludes effective means and countermeasures in improving community endowment service quality.

The study of urban community endowment service problem in China --Demand of the elderly in Taiyuan city

China＇s ageing, the service for elderly pension is become a serious problem, and the traditional way of pension is not enough to meet the needs of existing. In this case, the community endowment to its unique advantages to be the new choice to solve the problem of China＇s pension. Taiyuan city, Shanxi Province in China based on as the breakthrough point, to study the community endowment service of Taiyuan city. For multiple community in Taiyuan city by using the method of field survey and some residents to investigate analyze the present situation of Taiyuan city community endowment. Through the research that Taiyuan city community endowment exists does not reach the designated position on propaganda, unbalanced development, lack of funds, community service and social participation is not high, and even the poor community health care can＇t satisfy the elderly need to all sorts of problems. Put forward the corresponding suggestion, according to the issues can be solved through policy support, strengthen the propaganda, broaden the sources of funding, training and service team, strengthening community health service and diversified development, community service projects, so that the community endowment in China better development.

The research of the community-home elderly long-term care service system

With the rapid development of the aging of the population, the demand of long-term care services in the elderly is growing. Because of family miniaturization, core, and currently limited social accumulation are difficult to meet the demand of the elderly in long-term care.Community provides the elderly long-term care services, and provides the elderly all kinds of household helping services. They just make up for the inadequacy of the family and society.And how to make the community elderly long-term care services become more suitable for the needs of the elderly at home, provide better service for the elderly, are our current problems to be solved.

Analysis of Inpatient Bed Allocation Equity and Utilization in the City Community Health Service Center of China

The objective of this study was to examine the inpatient bed （IB） allocation equity and utilization in Chinese city commtmity health service centers （CHSCs）. The data were derived from the Baseline Survey of National City Community Health Service System Building Project, which was conducted in 1917 CHSCs in 28 cities in 2007. The IB allocation was analyzed in terms oflB alloca- tion quantity and distribution equity, and the IB utilization was analyzed by the IB utilization rate and average length of stay of the CHSC inpatients. The results showed that 49.3% of the CHSCs were equipped with IB; averagely, there were 45 IBs per CHSC, 0.94 IBs per 1000 people, and 0.38 nurses and 0.57 doctors per IB; the IB Gini coefficient was 0.32; the IB utilization rate was 40.06%; and the average length of stay of inpatients was 12.24 days. The conclusions were that IB allocation among the population was equitable, but the number of nurse per IB was not up to the national standard; and the CHSC IB utilization was low as a whole, thus inpatient service was not the main health service for Chinese CHSCs.