Accessibility and Fairness of Public Service Facilities from the Perspective of Supply and Demand Coordination: A Case Study of Old Urban Area of Guangzhou City

The accessibility and fairness of public service facilities are important manifestations of the convenience and equality of urban public service resource allocation.Optimizing the layout of urban public service facilities is an inevitable requirement for promoting the construction of people centered cities.This paper takes the old urban area of Guangzhou as the research area,measures the accessibility of multiple types of public service facilities based on an improved two-step floating catchment method,and combines Palma Ratio and location quotient methods to explore the fairness of urban public service facilities from two dimensions:social equity and spatial equity,with supply and demand relationship analysis as the main line.Research has shown that:①there is a significant spatial difference in the accessibility of public service facilities in the old urban areas of Guangzhou,and the comprehensive accessibility is generally higher in the central and southeastern regions of the old urban areas with fewer residential populations;②from the perspective of social equity,the resource allocation of public service facilities in the old urban areas of Guangzhou is in a seriously unfair state(with a fairness index of 2.99),and there are also varying degrees of unfairness within the streets;③from the perspective of spatial equity,the location quotient of public service facilities in the old urban areas of Guangzhou shows a pattern of multil center circles decreasing,indicating a significant spatial mismatch between the accessibility supply side of public service facilities and the demand side of the residential population.The research conclusion will provide scientific basis for optimizing the allocation of urban public service facilities and ensuring the equalization of public services.

Allocation of Public Service Facilities in Villages and Towns from the Perspective of Smart Contraction: A Case Study of Zixi County, Jiangxi Province

The limitation of traditional layout system and the continuous contraction of villages and towns have brought challenges to the layout of public service facilities.It is an imperative task against this background to integrate space resources and allocate public service facilities scientifically and reasonably.This paper took the system and method of rural public service facility allocation from the perspective of smart contraction as the theoretic support,and Zixi County in Jiangxi Province for example,built the four-level life circle of“county-fundamental-basic-routine”based on the influence factors of facility allocation,village and town contraction strength,rural comprehensive assessment results,residents’trip willingness and demands on public service facilities,finally proposed the suggestions for optimizing the allocation of village and town public service facilities.

Impact of Urban Public Service Facilities on Distribution Pattern of Housing Price

The impact of different public service facilities is obtained by investigating the infl uence of public service facilities on distribution pattern of housing price in 25 cities.According to the survey results,public education service facilities have the highest weight and the greatest impact,which also refl ects the root of“school district housing fever”from the side.Public sports service facilities have the lowest score when compared with other options.This is not because public sports service facilities are not important,but is determined by actual situation of social development and actual living standard of residents in China.From the improvement and enhancement of urban public service facilities,the construction of public service facilities should be convenient for people’s education,health,culture and entertainment.

Diversity,Equality and Inclusion:Study on the Planning Concept of Public Service Facilities in Greater London

As China’s urbanization enters a transitional period,diversified supply of public service facilities and the improvement of public service facilities from the level of social equity are important themes of urban planning.The core policies and concepts of the planning of public service facilities in Greater London under the framework of the statutory urban planning system were analyzed,and the characteristics were summarized to seek possible references.Greater London takes development planning as the core,and integrates the planning of public service facilities into economic growth,overall spatial development,community construction,and the improvement of residents’ welfare from the regional to the local level under the guidance of the national policy planning framework.Among them,providing diversified infrastructure and services,focusing on diverse population needs and equal choices of different social groups,ensuring the accessibility of facilities and services,and emphasizing barrier-free design are worthy of reference for urban planning in China.

Convenience Analysis of Public Service Facilities in the Walking Circle of Urban Housing Estates

A walkable urban built environment with convenient facilities is the key to improve the living quality of urban residents and build a livable city in the new era.Taking each urban housing estate as the center and based on walking accessibility,the walking circle of housing estates was constructed.Taking the six functional systems of convenient shopping,catering service,fi nancial service,scientifi c research and education,leisure and entertainment,and medical service as evaluation factors,and considering the actual frequency of residents’use of various public service facilities and the reduction of walking,the convenience evaluation system of public service facilities was established.Taking the urban built environment within the Second Ring Road of Shijiazhuang City,Hebei Province as an example,it is found that the convenience of public service facilities in the walking circle of housing estates within the Second Ring Road presented a circular layer distribution of“low outside and high inside”.This study will provide the reference for urban renewal and renovation and improvement of facilities.

The Impact of Urban Renewal on Public Service Facilities in Shenzhen during Inventory Development Stage:An Empirical Analysis of Futian District

As the material carrier of social service industry,public service facilities are important indicators to measure human settlement.With the continuous deepening of inventory development practice,urban renewal has gradually become one of the sources of supply of public service facilities.Focusing on the urban renewal activities of Futian District,Shenzhen from 2010 to 2016,the study conducts an empirical study on the pattern of public service facility networks before and after urban renewal through social network analysis.The fi ndings show that:①on the whole,the public service system in Futian District has been effectively improved during urban renewal development;②the impact of urban renewal on public service system is characterized by differentiation,among which industrial and commercial facilities have been signifi cantly improved,while educational and medical facilities have been hardly improved;③urban renewal has a clear policy orientation as an institutional means,and promoting economic restructuring and industrial reorganization is still the primary purpose of urban renewal during inventory development stage.

Distribution of Public Service Facilities under the Background of Smart Community: A Case Study of Pingguoyuan Street, Shijingshan District, Beijing City

In the context of smart community construction, the intelligent renewal of community public service facilities faces many challenges. To study the spatial distribution of smart community and community public service facilities, the distribution status of public service facilities in Pingguoyuan Street, Shijingshan District, Beijing was analyzed through POI points and relying on ArcGIS as a platform, and the distribution of public service facilities and intelligent facility strategy in the context of smart community were explored to provide contributions to the construction of smart community and the spatial optimization of intelligent facilities.

Decision-Making Model of Public Service Facility Configuration in Multi-agent Communities and Its Application

The decision.making process of the public service facility configuration in multi.agent community is usually simplistic and static. In order to reflect dynamic changes and interactions of all behavior subjects induding of residents, real estate developers and the government, a decision-making model of public service facility configuration according to the multi-agent theory was made to improve the efficiency of the public service facility configuration in community and the living quality of residents. Taking a community to the cast of Jinhui Port in Fengxian District in Shanghai for example, the model analyzed the decision-makers＇ adaptive behaviors and simulated the decision.making criteria. The results indicate that the decision-making model and criteria can be well of satisfying the purpose of improving validity and rationality of public service facility configuration in large community.

The Revelation of Foreign Disabled People Basic Public Service System to China

Disability is an inevitable phenomenon in the development of human society. Creating a good environment for disabled people is not only an important condition of disabled people to fully participate in social life, but also the performance of the social civilization and progress. This article describes some oftbe specific practices of foreign disabled basic public service system including the legislative level, the level of life care and social welfare, etc. Based on the analysis of China system construction of the disabled people public service, proposing build the government＇s macroeconomic, social middle and personal microcosmic basic public service system for disabled people and advocating shared responsibility, which the government should play a leading role, society do good service, the disabled do self-help.

Spatial Identities of Public Health Service Facilities in Metropolitan Suburban Communities: A Case Study of Shanghai Jinshan District

Both "Healthy China" and "Healthy Shanghai" programs require construction and development of community public health services. Taking Jinshan District in Shanghai as a case study, this paper evaluates the status quo of community health services from the "demand-supply" perspective, and finds a remarkable difference in the needs among different age groups, a big gap between urban and rural areas in the coverage degree of facilities, and different challenges for public service at the "prevention – treatment – health care" stages. It further puts forward several planning strategies involving(1) specific service supply based on different age groups,(2) "15-minute health service cycles" in both urban and rural communities,(3) adjustment of facilities to local conditions, and(4) promoting the quality of health services. Furthermore, it discusses in-depth issues underlying planning policies, such as the innovation of service content, the integration of different plans, and the cultivation of health service needs.

基于居民需求导向的公共服务设施研究

城市是人类居住生活的重要场所,传统“居住区”“居住小区”以人口规模(“千人指标”)来计划分配公共服务设施,强调居住这一单一功能,对不同社区中不同年龄人口的不同需求响应不够;“社区生活圈”是以人的活动和需求为核心,在生活圈这一空间范围内,生产、生活、休闲等基本需求都可以得到满足。二者的提出是规划设计思路从计划导向向需求导向的转变。本研究对传统居住区公共服务设施的配建依据、发展局限及公共服务设施的规划转型进行了系统解读分析,结合公共服务设施供需不匹配的现象,在“千人指标”理想模式与现实生活相矛盾的基础上,探索出社区生活圈圈层化、定制化、存量校验的新思路,为进一步的社区生活圈研究提供参考。

主客共享理念下传统村落公服设施优化探索——以广州黄埔深井村为例

随着传统村落休闲旅游的热度持续提升,居民与游客的主客关系日益复杂,为探索适应人口变化特征和村落自身保护发展需求的公服设施优化发展路径,研究引入“主客共享”理念,运用文献研究、非参与式观察、参与式观察、深入访谈等方法,以广州黄埔深井村展开实证研究,发现村落公服设施配置存在一定失衡,公益性和商业性设施空间分布特征呈现差异,同时主客在设施使用上出现兼容、互斥特征。基于主客需求和村落空间、资源和文化等特征,提出“需求融合、格局传承、情境营造、弹性共享”的公服设施优化策略,以期促进传统村落的保护传承和发展,并为其他传统村落公共服务设施与村落协同发展提供借鉴思路。

基于生活圈理论的收缩型村镇公共服务设施配置研究--以黑龙江省肇源县为例

乡村人口收缩是城镇化进程持续推进的必然,为满足村镇居民不断提升的需求并避免人口收缩造成的资源浪费,亟待对村镇公共服务设施配置体系进行优化与重构。以黑龙江省肇源县为例,引入生活圈理论探讨收缩型村镇公共服务设施配置优化方法。首先基于对村镇收缩类型与强度的分类,结合居民出行意愿的时距转换调查,将肇源县村镇划分为“县域—扩展—基本—基础”四级动态半径生活圈。然后通过筛选与生活圈等级对应的公共服务中心,并依据相关规范及居民实际需求,确定各级公共服务中心配置的项目内容和优化建议。

代际支持背景下老年人社区服务设施需求特征研究——以深圳公共住房为例

深圳市老年人非户籍人口占比大,提供代际支持的随迁老年人构成了常住老龄人口主力。立足于深圳公共住房建设现状及老年人特征,通过问卷调研多维度探析老年人设施使用需求;采用活动日志调研探析老年人日常社区服务设施使用的时间规律及行为链特征;结合典型案例定点行为观察,探析老年人时间-行为-设施使用场景。研究结果表明老年人社区活动设施需求显著,农贸菜市场及连锁超市的需求较大,教育设施成为老年人使用的重要设施,社康中心需求大于综合医院,养老设施需求较低等特征;各类社区服务设施使用的时间规律及设施组合使用规律明显等。研究结果可为深圳公共住房社区服务设施适老性优化提供有益的参考。

高质量发展导向下大城市社会空间分异格局及调控策略——以广州为例

城市社会空间分异是城乡规划领域的经典议题。以广州市为例,根据人口普查数据和人群画像数据等,聚焦城市内部各街区,通过对居住空间类型与社会群体分布和公共服务设施配置的关联分析,深入探究中心城区社会空间分异特征及现存问题,进而提出城市社会空间高质量均衡发展的调控策略。研究发现,广州市中心城区在居住空间类型方面以商品房街区和城中村街区为主,老旧街区占比较小,呈现出明显的居住空间分异特征,且三类街区的居民在年龄、受教育程度、收入、消费水平等社会经济特征方面差异显著;各类公共服务设施供给水平在不同社会群体及三类街区之间亦表现出明显的不均衡性;在城市历史发展惯性、城市规划引导、房地产发展的共同影响下,广州市中心城区呈现出“圈层+斑块”的社会空间结构。为缓解中国快速城镇化进程中大城市出现的社会空间维度不均衡发展的问题,从可负担住房保障和公共服务设施布局两方面提出相关调控策略,为推动城市高质量发展提供研究支撑。

基于POI数据的杭州市公共服务设施空间分布研究

基于杭州市六类公共服务设施的POI数据,采用最近邻指数、标准差椭圆和核密度分析等地理空间分析方法,分析了杭州市公共服务设施的空间分布特征,得出以下结论:(1)杭州市六类公共服务设施均有在主城区高度集聚的特征。(2)六类设施布局方向均为西北-东南向,公共交通设施的辐射范围最广,方向性最突出。(3)公共服务设施分布均存在明显的中心-边缘结构特征,但不同类设施分布存在差异。

设施需求视角下城市盲道系统构建途径研究——以视障人群为例

随着《中华人民共和国无障碍环境建设法》的颁布,开展无障碍设计精细化研究成为提高城市无障碍环境品质的重要发力点。研究突破无障碍设计作为辅助设计的传统思路,以公共服务设施与城市盲道为对象,从视障人群的活动规律及设施需求特征出发,探索城市盲道系统的构建途径与设计方法。通过随机森林模型、引力模型,开展了视障人群设施需求分析及活动区域预测,从设施构成、活动类型、盲道布局三方面对天津市中心城区的盲道系统进行识别与评估,结合居住地与高相关性设施的引力路径,提出盲道优化布局方案及构建策略,旨在引导城市无障碍设施格局优化,为城市开展空间层面无障碍规划设计提供理论参考与技术支撑。

城市紧凑度对城市公共服务设施空间可达性的影响

高品质公共服务设施体系的建设是打造宜居城市的基础性工程,可达性已经成为我国基本公共服务供给侧结构性改革的两大目标取向之一。目前我国城市发展中存在城市紧凑程度恶化与公共服务设施空间可达性状况不佳并存的局面,从城市空间形态这一重要城市整体特性视角研究城市公共服务设施可达性对于优化城市公共服务设施空间布局具有重要意义。以中国地级及以上城市的三类主要公共服务设施为考察对象,量化测度城市公共服务设施空间可达性,在此基础上实证分析城市紧凑度对城市公共服务设施空间可达性的影响,以及对不同类型设施的异质性影响,并检验公共服务设施规模分布和地方财政自主权对上述影响过程的调节效应。实证结果表明,城市紧凑度对城市公共服务设施可达性的影响呈现“U”型,目前多数城市处于U型曲线的上升阶段,高财政自主权强化了紧凑城市建设对于公共服务设施的挤出效应,而设施规模越分散,城市紧凑度对公共服务设施空间可达性的几何正向影响效果越弱。

适老化需求导向下公共服务设施可达性测度--以成都市玉林街道为例

随着老龄化程度的不断加剧,探究公共服务设施在空间上如何适配老年人的日常生活需求变得尤为重要。文章以成都市玉林街道为例,采用核密度分析、网络分析、空间相关矩阵分析和反距离加权插值分析方法,对玉林街道老年人公共服务设施兴趣点展开空间分布特征和可达性特征研究,定量化评价其空间布局及步行可达性水平。结果表明:(1)玉林街道各类老年人公服设施空间布局表现出沿商业中心、交通要道、居住小区分布的特征;(2)商业类设施在可达性范围内服务范围存在反复叠加问题,究其原因在于部分区域商业设施集聚布局,公园类设施数量少且分散导致其服务盲区最大;(3)公共设施可达性与密度分布空间格局相呼应。文章进而从老年人公共服务设施的空间分布、可达性特征、服务盲区三方面提出优化基础设施空间布局、保障老年人安全便捷出行、增设社区绿色空间等优化策略。

改进的容量约束设施区划模型的算法及应用

针对经典的容量约束设施区位模型(CFLP)缺少考虑公平、效率与服务质量三方面的因素,以及平衡三者关系的问题,文章提出了引入覆盖半径ϕ、最低覆盖率μ、设施建设成本CAP对模型进行改进,算法的求解实质是求解线性规划问题的最优解。根据以上方法进行案例区的计算验证,实验结果表明,与传统模型算法相比,改进的CFLP模型通过灵活选择设施的服务半径和覆盖率参数求解计算,能较好地兼顾服务成本、服务质量和空间公平性三者之间的关系,并可于5s内得出最优解,相比传统算法150s的平均计算时间,有显著的提升,对城市公共服务设施的布局优化具有较高的实用价值。