Comparative Study of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in the Treatment of Coronavirus

Taking the process of treating coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)with Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)as the research object,this article compares the characteristics of Western medicine and TCM from the perspectives of aetiology,pathogenesis,diagnosis,and treatment.Western medicine and TCM each has its own theoretical system.Each has its own exposition in explaining the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease,and each has its own characteristics and advantages in diagnosis and treatment.Integrating TCM and Western medicine can improve the effect of treatment by forming a coordinated traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment method.

Clinical Controlled Study of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine in Treating 49 Cases of SARS

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of integrative Chinese and western medicine (ICWM) in treating severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) patients. Methods: Through parallel control design, 49 SARS patients were observed. Used as control, there were in the western medicine (WM) group 29 patients, who were treated with Ribavirin, Levofloxacin, Thymopentin, Azithromycin, methylprednisolone, etc. , on the basis of 'Recommended Protocol for Infectious Atypical Pneumonia' (abbreviated as 'Recommended Protocol') issueed by Ministry of Health. As the treated group, there were in the ICWM 20 cases. The protocol for treatment of SARS in 'Special Science and Technological Action to Prevent and Treat SARS' (abbreviated as 'Special S-T Action'), issued by Ministry of Science and Technology, together with the same WM as those for the control group. Results: (1) Time from the disease onset to the symptom improvement were 5.10±2. 83 days and 7. 62±2. 27 days in ICWM and WM group respectively, P<0.05; (2) As to corticosteroid (CS) amount and days before reducing dosage, 2 groups showed no significant difference, P>0. 05;(3) There was no significant difference in the time from disease onset to the body temperature normalization and the total amount of CS and the duration of using CS before reducing it to 80 mg between the ICWM group and the WM group; (4) The days and amounts for use CS after reducing between the ICWM group and the WM group were significantly different (P<0. 05). Conclusion: There were obvious advantages in ICWM to treat SARS, compared with that of WM alone, especially in improving the clinical symptoms, promoting the recovery of immune function, promoting the absorption of pulmonary inflammation and reducing the dosage and duration of CS treatment.

A Comparative Study of Traditional Chinese and Western Cultural Connotations

By conducting specific comparison on traditional Chinese and western cultural connotations,it can be summarized that the specific differences existing in the elements of traditional cultural connotations as well as their impacts on the overall development of social cultures. Effective research and exploration processes could be further formed to propel the overall development of social cultures,so that the roles of traditional Chinese and western cultural connotations in inheriting and developing traditional cultures can be fully revealed.

Therapeutic Evaluation on Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Treated by Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine──Clinical Analysis of 56 Cases

Objective: In comparison with chemotherapy, to evaluate therapeutic effects on advanced pancreatic cancer treated by integrative Chinese and western medicine (ICWM) therapies. Methods: Based on the retrospective study of 56 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer, life table was applied to the analysis of patients' survival rate and Xz test to the comparison of therapeutic response between ICWM and chemotherapy groups. Results: The results showed that 1-year survival rate in the ICWM group was 55. 37%±3.24%; 2-year survival rate 34. 61%±16. 31%; 3-year survival rate 25. 96%±24. 64%; 5-year survival rate 25. 96%±24.64%; and median survival period 16. 3 months. However 1-year survival rate in the chemotherapy group was 21. 95%±27. 54% ; 2-year survival rate 7. 31%±27. 54% ; 3-year survival rate 0 % ; and median survival period 7. 5 months. The therapeutic effects between two groups were significantly different (P=0. 004). Further analysis suggested that the reduction of cancer mass in the ICWM group was more than that in chemotherapy group (P=0.049) and the improvement of advanced pancreatic cancer related-symptoms better than that of chemotherapy group (P = 0. 002). Conclusion: The ICWM comprehensive therapy is of important value in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer.

General Survey of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Researches on Tumor Metastasis

Metastasis and recurrence of tumors is the chief cause of death for such patients. Therefore, researches on the mechanism of its metastasis, prevention and treatment are the focal points in the field of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and Western medicine （WM） at present. WM practitioners＂ study on tumor metastasis involved its occurrence and development including every detail and process, and now it even has developed into the molecular biological field. py is used as the main means, but the efficacy is not n treatment surgical operation and radio- chemotheratoo optimistic. In recent years, TOM, as part of the comprehensive therapy, has been gradually gaining attention of oncologists. Aimed at solving the difficult problems in metastasis of tumor, many TOM practitioners on the basis of syndrome differentiation have raised theories about the cause of tumor metastasis. On the basis of these theories, some TOM recipes against tumor metastasis have been developed to serve as an effective supplement to surgical operation, radio- and chemotherapy. The present article summarizes research results in recent years about the cause of formation of tumor and its metastasis by TOM and WM, so as to offer some theoretical clues to the study of tumors metastasis.

Comparison of Chinese medicine higher education programs in China and five Western countries

Object:Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been taught widely in the both Eastern and Western world countries.This study compared the origin,student source,duration,and curriculum design of TCM higher education programs in China and five Western countries.Method:We searched the Internet and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)database to gather relevant information.Result:All the six countries offer acupuncture and/or Chinese herbal medicine programs at universities and/or private schools.However,there are great large differences among them in the education of curriculum and TCM students enrollment and curriculum policies of TCM courses.Conclusions:There are large differences among their curriculum and enrollment policies.This comparison should provide information about the further development of international standards in TCM education.

Multi-centric Study on Clinical Epidemiology Is the Key Link in Treating Hypertension with Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine

General survey ofhypertension has beencarried out in our coun—try for three times.Thelast time was in 1999,with the result showingthat in our country theincidence of hyperten-sion among people over15 years old was11.26％.The incidencehas been raised by 25％

Cohort Study on the Effect of a Combined Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine on the Relapse and Metastasis of 222 Patients with Stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ Colorectal Cancer after Radical Operation

Objective： To evaluate the effectiveness of a comprehensive therapy of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in reducing the relapse and metastasis of stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ colorectal cancer based on conventional Western medicine （WM） therapy. Methods： Two hundred and twenty-two patients in total, diagnosed as stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ colorectal cancer from February 2000 to March 2006, were recruited from Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and the General Hospital of Beijing Military Area. They were followed-up once every 3-6 months. Twenty cases dropped out from the cohort. The remaining 202 patients were all treated with routine WM treatment [including R0 radical operation, or chemotherapy or/and radiotherapy according to national comprehensive cancer network （NCCN） clinical guidelines]. These patients were assigned to two groups based on whether or not they were additionally treated with TCM comprehensive therapy （orally administered with a decoction according to syndrome differentiation, combined with a traditional patent drug over one year）. Ninety-eight patients from Xiyuan Hospital were treated with WM and TCM （combined group）, and 104 patients from the General Hospital of Beijing Military Area were treated with WM alone （WM group）. The demographic data at baseline were comparable, including the operation times, age, sex, TNM staging, and pathological types. The patients were followed-up for one to five years. Up to now, there are 98, 98, 77, 64, and 47 patients with 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years of follow-up in the combined group, respectively; and 104, 104, 97, 81, and 55 patients in the WM group, respectively. The results of the 5-year follow-up of all the patients will be available in 2011. Results： The relapse/metastasis rate of 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year were 0 （0/98）, 2.04% （2/98）, 11.69% （9/77）, 14.06% （9/64）, and 21.28% （10/47） in the combined group, and were 4.80%（5/104）, 16.35% （17/104）, 21.65% （21/97）, 25.93% （21/81）, and 38.18%（21/55） in the WM group, respectively. A significant difference was found in the second year between the two groups （X^2=12.117, P = 0.000）. Median relapse/metastasis time was 26.5 months in the combined group and 16.0 months in the WM group. Conclusion： The combined therapy of TCM and WM may have great clinical value and a potential for decreasing the relapse or metastasis rate in stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ colorectal cancer after conventional WM therapy.

Clinical Study of Sudden Desfness Treated with IntegratedTraditional Chinese and Western Medicine

Objective: To explore the mechanisms of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine (TCM-WM) in treating sudden deafness. Methods: One hundred and forty-six patients suffered from sudden deafness were divided into two groups, 64 cases in the treated group were treated with TCM-WM therapy and the other 82 cases treated with western medicine alone for control. Results: The total effective rate of the treated group was 92. 19 %, that of the control group was 75. 61 %. The difference between the two groups was significant, P < 0. 01. Conclusion: The TCM-WM therapy is very effective in treating sudden deafness. Its mechanism might be: (1) Decrease of the blood viscosity and increase of the red blood cell's tenacity, so that the blood stream could pass through unimpededly. (2) Decrease of the plasma TXA2 level and increase of the PGI2 level,to benefit the blood supply for inner ear. (3) Increase of the activity of SOD and clearing away the free radicals so as to reduce the damage to the inner ear.

Study on Treatment of 313 Patients with Mid-Late Primary Hepatocarcinoma by Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine

To evaluate objectively the clinical effect and superiority of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine (TCM-WM) in treating mid-late hepatocarcinoma.Methods: The 313 patients observed were divided randomly into 3 groups, Group Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ, they were treated with protocol TACE, protocol PEI and comprehensive conservative therapy respectively. Each group was sub-divided into 2 sub-groups, sub-group A and B, and sub-group As was treated coordinately with different Chinese herbal medicine, Sisheng Decoction to sub-group ⅠA and ⅡA, and cinobufacin or norcantharidin to ⅢA respectively. And Chinese herbal medicine prescribed according to TCM Syndrome Differentiation was also given to all the sub-group As.Results: The integrated therapy showed significant effect in treating mid-late hepatocarcinoma, as it could improve significantly the clinical symptoms and signs, raise the quality of life and prolong the survival time in patients. When TCM-WM cooperated with TACE, it could alleviate the toxic effect and enhance the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy. There was statistical significant difference in clinical effect between the TCM-WM treated groups and the western medicine treated groups (P<0.05).Conclusion: TCM-WM therapy displays not only the action in enhancing the short-term therapeutic effect of treatment in treating mid-late hepatocarcinoma but also shows significant effect in enhancing long-term therapeutic effect and prolonging survival time in patients. It is worth further spreading.

Practice and principle of traditional Chinese medicine for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has played an important role in the prevention and treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic in China.The integration of Chinese and Western medicine is an important feature of Chinese COVID-19 prevention and treatment.According to a series of evidence-based studies,TCM can reduce the infection rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in high-risk groups.For patients with mild and moderate forms of COVID-19,TCM can relieve the related signs and symptoms,shorten the period of nucleic-acid negative conversion,and reduce conversion rate to the severe form of the disease.For COVID-19 patients with severe and critical illnesses,TCM can improve inflammatory indicators and blood oxygen saturation,shorten the hospital stay,and reduce the mortality rate.During recovery,TCM can improve patients’symptoms,promote organ function recovery,boost the quality of patients’life,and reduce the nucleic-acid repositive conversion rate.A series of mechanism research studies revealed that capability of TCM to treat COVID-19 through antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects,immune regulation,and protection of organ function via a multicomponent,multitarget,and multipathway approach.

中医院校中西方文化比较课程思政探索

以中西方文化比较课程为例,阐述如何在中医院校的跨文化交际课程中践行思政育人理念。课程组以中国学生发展核心素养框架为基础,结合大学英语教学目标与要求,搭建该课程的思政教育框架。通过深挖思政元素、补充思政案例,借力“英语讲述中西方文化”活动,聚焦论文写作三项措施,着重培养学生文化基础、社会参与和跨文化交际三个维度的素质与能力,并通过一个教学案例系统阐述如何将思政教育融入中医院校的跨文化交际类课程教学。教学效果反馈显示,该实践探索能够促进学生跨文化思辨能力发展、培养学生自信、提高学生学习效率等。

A COMPARATIVE OBSERVATION ON TREATMENT OF HEART FAILURE DUE TO DIASTOLIC INSUFFICIENCY OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE -A Report of 43 Cases

43 cases of heart failure due to diastolic insufficiency of the left ventricle were treated with TCM differential treatment as the treatment group, the total effective rate being 86.0%. Statistically significant duTerence (P【 0.05) in the therapeutic effects was found between the treatment group and the control (25 cases) group. Improvement of the left ventricular diastole in the treatment group was more obvious than that of the control group (P【 0.01), while contractility of the left ventricle was also improved to a certain extent.

What Can Comparative Effectiveness Research,Propensity Score and Registry Study Bring to Chinese Medicine?

The impact of evidence-based medicine and clinical epidemiology on clinical research has contributed to the development of Chinese medicine in modem times over the past two decades.Many concepts and methods of modem science and technology are emerging in Chinese medicine research,resulting in constant progress.Systematic reviews,randomized controlled trials and other advanced mathematic approaches and statistical analysis methods have brought reform to Chinese medicine.In this new era,Chinese medicine researchers have many opportunities and challenges.On the one hand,Chinese medicine researchers need to dedicate themselves to providing enough evidence to the world through rigorous studies,whilst on the other hand,they also need to keep up with the speed of modem medicine research.For example,recently,real world study,comparative effectiveness research,propensity score techniques and registry study have emerged.This article aims to inspire Chinese medicine researchers to explore new areas by introducing these new ideas and new techniques.

中药监管科学:发展中的新兴融合科学

中药监管科学(Traditional Chinese Medicine Rugulatory Science)作为我国新兴的、亟待发展的中西医交叉融合科学,不仅是监管科学(Rugulatory Science)作为国际前沿科学在中药监管领域的全新应用场景,更是一种根植于传统中医药学土壤的中西医融合研究新模式和原创性科学思维方式。中药监管科学具有融合科学(Convergence Science)的问题导向性、多学科交叉、覆盖创新价值链、多元主体协同参与等特点。发展中药监管科学意味着中药监管科技创新朝向融合科学发生根本性变革,将有助于探索建立既符合中医药特点,又体现中西医融通的中药审评审批体系,以期获得中国式现代化中药监管领域的重大科技突破。

运用队列研究观察抑郁障碍心肾不交型复发率的多中心前瞻性研究

目的:评价滋阴降火、除烦安神功效中医药治疗方案对心肾不交型抑郁障碍(MDD)2年复发率的疗效。方法:运用队列研究方法,选取2017年1月至2018年12月全国13个分中心的心肾不交型MDD患者,根据患者接受干预方案的不同,自然形成中医、中西医结合及西医队列,比较3个队列复发率。并根据患者接受中医药方案干预时间的不同,将中医和中西医结合队列分为低、中、高3个暴露水平,比较3种暴露水平的复发率,以评价中医药方案降低心肾不交型MDD远期复发率的疗效。结果:共纳入506例患者,其中中医队列172例、中西医结合队列166例、西医队列168例。2年复发率方面,中医队列25.6%、中西医结合队列21.1%、西医队列35.1%。复发风险方面,中医队列中水平暴露比低水平暴露低63.0%(HR=0.370,95%CI为0.170~0.808,P<0.05),高水平暴露比低水平暴露低94.5%(HR=0.055,95%CI为0.016~0.192,P<0.01);中西医结合队列中水平暴露比低水平暴露低72.3%(HR=0.277,95%CI为0.111~0.689,P<0.01),高水平暴露比低水平暴露低83.9%(HR=0.161,95%CI为0.058~0.446,P<0.01)。结论:滋阴降火、除烦安神治法的中医药综合方案能有效降低心肾不交型MDD远期复发率,同时随接受中医药干预时间的增加,MDD复发率亦有逐渐下降趋势。

基于真实世界中西医结合治疗淋巴结结核疗效观察

目的 比较西医与中西医结合治疗淋巴结结核的实际临床疗效,并分析不同类型结核(结节型、浸润型、脓肿型、溃疡型)之间的疗效差异,为临床提供更好的治疗依据。方法 基于真实世界,对南京市中西医结合医院瘰疬科与镇江市第三人民医院、淮安市第四人民医院、南通市第六人民医院门诊及病房2017年1月—2020年1月诊治的符合纳入标准的2 538例淋巴结结核患者资料进行回顾性分析,根据患者是否采用中医药治疗分为中西医结合治疗组和西医治疗组,比较2组患者基线特征、治疗疗程、手术率、手术切口Ⅰ期愈合率、结核耐药发生率、不良反应发生率、随访3年复发率。结果 2 538例淋巴结结核患者中,女性患者(1 621例)多于男性患者(917例);患者平均年龄37岁左右,平均病程7个月左右;有肺结核病史或接触史者668例(26.32%);头颈部为最常见发病部位,其次为腋窝、腹股沟;脓肿型和溃疡型更多(916例和762例),合并基础疾病的患者中脓肿型、溃疡型占比较高。治疗疗程在11~18个月。中西医结合治疗组总有效率、治愈率均明显高于西医治疗组[97.79%(1 724/1 763)比78.71%(610/775),P均<0.05];2组中脓肿型与溃疡型患者的手术率均明显高于同组结节型与浸润型(P均<0.05),但2组间脓肿型与溃疡型患者的手术率比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);中西医结合治疗组中浸润型、脓肿型、溃疡型患者切口Ⅰ期愈合率均明显高于同类型西医治疗组[96.17%(176/183)、94.97%(566/596)、91.92%(455/495)比78.16%(68/87)、71.97%(190/264)、69.63%(149/214),P均<0.05];中西医结合治疗组结核耐药发生率、不良反应发生率、复发率均明显低于西医治疗组[10.21%(180/1 763)、16.28%(287/1 763)、 2.78%(49/1 763)比16.00%(124/775)、23.35%(181/775)、9.94%(77/775),P均<0.05]。结论 真实世界研究发现,中西医结合治疗可以提高淋巴结结核的临床疗效,促进手术切口Ⅰ期愈合,并能有效减少结核耐药、药物不良反应及复发。

后艺术时代的艺术:思想基础与时代关联

后艺术时代的艺术具有三大特点:四个场极(先锋艺术、大众艺术、电型艺术、设计艺术),三类对立(先锋艺术与后三类艺术),四圈(先锋艺术之圈、大众艺术之圈、电型艺术和设计艺术的艺术部分之圈、非艺术部分之圈)互动。三大特点在思想上受升级了的科学和哲学形成的新世界观的影响,这就是相对论和量子论中的质能一体和时空一体观念。这两大特点从各类艺术特别是绘画中体现出来,后艺术时代的西方绘画,主要体现在两点:一是如何在画中表现虚;二是如何在画中突出时间。最有代表性的画家,在这两方面都有自己的独特性。通过对西方绘画大家作品的分析,可以看到,西方后艺术时代的艺术,在体现虚实结构之“虚”和突出时空结构之“时”上,与中国和印度的古典绘画既有相同的一面,还有不同的一面,体现了西方对虚和时的理解。这种理解可以从两个方面进行:一是自身的历史演进;二是中西印的文化比较。从西方的古今之变和中西印的艺术互鉴,可以更深地体悟西方后艺术时代中的艺术特质。