Carbon decorated Li_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3) for high-rate lithium-ion batteries:Electrochemical performance and charge compensation mechanism

Fast charging and high-power delivering batteries are highly demanded in mobile electronics,electric vehicles and grid energy storage,but there are full of challenges.The star-material Li_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3) is demonstrated as a promising high-rate cathode material meeting the above requirements.Herein,we report the carbon decorated Li_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3) (LVP/C) cathode prepared via a facile method,which displays a remarkable high-rate capability and long-term cycling performance.Briefly,the prepared LVP/C delivers a high discharge capacity of 122 mAh g^(-1)(-93% of the theoretical capacity) at a high rate up to 20 C and a superior capacity retention of 87.1% after 1000 cycles.Importantly,by applying a combination of X-ray absorption spectroscopy and full-range mapping of resonant inelastic X-ray scattering,we clearly elucidate the structural and chemical evolutions of LVP upon various potentials and cycle numbers.We show unambiguous spectroscopic evidences that the evolution of the hybridization strength between V and O in LVP/C as a consequence of lithiation/delithiation is highly reversible both in the bulk and on the surface during the discharge-charge processes even over extended cycles,which should be responsible for the remarkable electrochemical performance of LVP/C.Our present study provides not only an effective synthesis strategy but also deeper insights into the surface and bulk electrochemical reaction mechanism of LVP,which should be beneficial for the further design of high-performance LVP electrode materials.

Public Policy Supply for Successful Practice of the Xin’anjiang River Ecological Compensation Mechanism

The ecological protection of the inter-provincial river basin of Xin’anjiang River takes the ecological compensation mechanism as the starting point and achieves good results.The success of the mechanism is best reflected in its innovation of public policy supply,which is not only a vivid practice of Xi Jinping’s ecological civilization thought in the new era,but also establishes a model for absorption,transformation and export of policy supply.The effective supply of public policies on ecological environment is the realistic choice for the construction of ecological civilization in the new era.

Core Issues in Design of Tibetan Grassland Ecological Compensation Mechanism

Scientific grassland ecological compensation mechanism is favorable for improving the grassland ecological environment and promote the sustainable development of animal husbandry. Combined with actual situations of Tibet,this paper discussed core issues in the design of grassland ecological compensation mechanism,including compensation purpose,compensation subject,compensation object,compensation standard,and compensation method. It pointed out that the design of mechanism is a complex and systematic project. Each issue is complex and varied. The government at all levels should be cautious and make scientific treatment,and should not apply a single solution for all issues.

Perfecting the Market-Oriented Ecological Compensation Mechanism of Ethnic Minority Areas: A Case Study of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

The construction of the market-oriented ecological compensation mechanism in China is complicated system engineering. China's ecological compensation funds are mainly derived from the public finance, lacking market-oriented operation. That not only increases the financial burden of the government, but also leads to the incomprehensive compensation scope. Moreover, China's ecological compensation lacks market mechanism so that it is difficult to set compensation standards and calculate offsets. This paper takes Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as an example to analyze the market-oriented ecological compensation system of ethnic minority areas from the perspective of market economy, so as to provide a theoretical basis and a reference point for the establishment of efficient and reasonable ecological compensation mechanism and policies in ethnic minority areas and provide environmental protection for the sustainable development of economy and society of ethnic minority areas.

Ecological compensation mechanism for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region based on footprint balance and footprint deficit

Construction of the ecological compensation mechanism is an important approach to put the“Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Coordinated Development Plan”into practice and improve the ecological environment of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.This paper constructs an ecological compensation mechanism for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region based on the footprint balance and footprint deficit after clarifying ecological governance objectives.First,this paper proposes to establish a uniform,hierarchical and classified supply mechanism of ecosystem services according to the classification of land resources,water resources and forest resources for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.Then,the“Authority with Corresponding Responsibility”for the supply of ecosystem services in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region can be realized through a footprint balance and footprint deficit indicator circulation mechanism.Finally,the scientific and rational ecological compensation standard can be guaranteed through establishing the integrated governance mechanism for ecological compensation in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and improving the“ecological compensation standard”.The results of this paper can provide sound theoretical support for effectively promoting the improvement of ecosystem services and human well-being in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

Compensation mechanism for ecological interests of Erhai Lake tourist destination in Dali, Yunnan province

Erhai Lake in Dali,Yunnan province,is the"Mother Lake"of the Bai people.It has superior location advantages,remarkable comprehensive functions and profound historical culture.It is the cradle of Dali’s politics,economy and culture,and also the foundation of the sustainable economic development of the Autonomous Prefecture.After the government put great efforts to govern Erhai Lake,the original interest demand structure of the surrounding residents was broke down,and the problems of interest friction and interest conflict became the practical problems faced by the region.This paper will analyze the compensation mechanism of Erhai Lake’s ecological interests from the aspects of ecological damage,stakeholders,interests,tourism transformation and so on,so as to provide a reference for the transformation and upgrading of national tourism destinations and tourism industry.

Improving the ecological compensation mechanism for drinking water source in Yunnan province

Ecological compensation mechanism for drinking water source is one of the effective economic ways to solve the issues of the shortage of the protection investment and the lack of the driving forces to protect the water quality.The successful cases of compensation mechanism for drinking water source have examined the dilemma of improving the trans-administrative boundary compensation mechanism both in China and Yunnan.The lack of the provincial rules and regulations in Yunnan is the fundamental reason for the local government not willingly to establish the compensation mechanism.On the other hand,the shortage of the compensation funds is the key difficulty for the shareholders to reach an agreement.Formulating the rules and regulations about the construction of the compensation mechanism of drinking water source in Yunnan would be a feasible way to stipulate the local government to set up the compensation mechanism.Meanwhile,designing a complete set of compensation mechanism would make full use of the mechanism to work well to protect the water quality in an economic way.

Adaptive Memory Event-Triggered Observer-Based Control for Nonlinear Multi-Agent Systems Under DoS Attacks

This paper investigates the event-triggered security consensus problem for nonlinear multi-agent systems(MASs)under denial-of-service(Do S)attacks over an undirected graph.A novel adaptive memory observer-based anti-disturbance control scheme is presented to improve the observer accuracy by adding a buffer for the system output measurements.Meanwhile,this control scheme can also provide more reasonable control signals when Do S attacks occur.To save network resources,an adaptive memory event-triggered mechanism(AMETM)is also proposed and Zeno behavior is excluded.It is worth mentioning that the AMETM's updates do not require global information.Then,the observer and controller gains are obtained by using the linear matrix inequality(LMI)technique.Finally,simulation examples show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.

Monitoring long-term ecological impacts from release of Fukushima radiation water into ocean

After 10 years of the Fukushima Nuclear Accident,Japan decided to release the nuclear wastewater into the Pacific Ocean on 13 April 2021.It is apparent that Japan has chosen the most cost-efficient way to deal with the contaminated water,however,great opposition and concerns have been raised internationally due to the ecotoxicological features of radioactive materials and their harmful impacts on the environment.Here we an-alyze the ecological impacts caused by the nuclear accident and the potential impacts of releasing the nuclear wastewater into the ocean.Science-based solutions are proposed through a third-party evaluation and strict envi-ronmental assessment,multi-stakeholder public participation,integrated monitoring of the neighboring coastal countries,long-term international collaborative research,and setting up international convention for ecological compensation.

Experimental Study on Thermal Stress of Concrete with Different Expansive Minerals Using a Temperature Stress Testing Machine

In order to compare the compensation effect of expansive materials with different mineral sources on the temperature stress of concrete,we investigated the temperature stress of concrete when adding calcium sulfoaluminate type expansive materials(CSA)or CaO and calcium sulfoaluminate mixed type expansive materials(HCSA)at different temperatures by temperature-stress testing machine(TSTM)considering the influence of temperature history on the expansion.The experimental results show that the expansion characteristics of the two kinds of expansive materials with different mineral sources significantly vary.When adding expansive materials,the growth rate of compressive stress during the heating stage increases obviously,the maximum compressive stress is higher,while the decline rate of tensile stress in the late cooling stage becomes slow,and finally cracking temperature decreases.It is proved that concrete with HCSA has lower cracking temperatures and better temperature shrinkage compensation effect.Therefore,it is rational to choose HCSA when preparing concrete with high expansion energy to reduce thermal cracking.

Estimating Risk-aware Flexibility Areas for Electric Vehicle Charging Pools via AC Stochastic Optimal Power Flow

This paper introduces an AC stochastic optimal power flow(SOPF)for the flexibility management of electric vehicle(EV)charging pools in distribution networks under uncertainty.The AC SOPF considers discrete utility functions from charging pools as a compensation mechanism for eventual energy not served to their charging tasks.An application of the AC SOPF is described where a distribution system operator(DSO)requires flexibility to each charging pool in a day-ahead time frame,minimizing the cost for flexibility while guaranteeing technical limits.Flexibility areas are defined for each charging pool and calculated as a function of a risk parameter involving the uncertainty of the solution.Results show that all players can benefit from this approach,i.e.,the DSO obtains a riskaware solution,while charging pools/tasks perceive a reduction in the total energy payment due to flexibility services.

A comprehensive understanding of the anionic redox chemistry in layered oxide cathodes for sodium-ion batteries

Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) have demonstrated great application prospects in large-scale energy storage systems and low-speed electric vehicles due to the cost effectiveness and abundant resources. Layered transition-metal oxides are recognized as one of the most attractive sodium-ion storage cathode candidates by virtue of their high compositional diversity, environmental friendliness, ease of synthesis, and promising theoretical capacities. The practicability, however, is still limited by the fact that the energy densities of most Na-storage layered oxide cathodes solely using the conventional cationic redox are not comparable to those of the lithium-ion storage counterparts. Recently, the strategy of activating anionic redox(O^(2-)/O^(n-)) which is popular in Li-rich layered materials has been successfully applied in oxide cathodes of SIBs to promote the energy density to a new level. It is interesting to note that excess Na is not the prerequisite to induce anionic redox in sodium oxides, indicating a new mechanism underlying Na-ion materials. Herein, the latest advances on the anionic redox chemistry in layered oxide cathodes for SIBs,including the fundamental theories, triggering strategies, and applicable cathode materials, are comprehensively reviewed.Moreover, the challenges(mainly O_(2) release) facing anionic redox are discussed, and the possible remedies are outlined for future developments toward a highly reversible oxygen usage. We believe that this review can provide a valuable guidance for the exploration of high-energy layered oxide cathode materials of SIBs.

A Novel Method of Finance Market Regulation Based on Control Overshoot

In the finance market, risk happened in two pattern. In one case, extreme volatility together with a short balance time leads to a great panic to the market. On the contrary, if the volatility is smaller, the time period will usually be longer. It will bring many infections to various related fields,which causes wider range influences to the economy. Both cases hurt financial market and the economy itself deeply. In this paper, we developed a novel market regulation method in which the conflict of fluctuation time and volatility will be balanced. It describes a way to compute a portfolio of relatively short time period together with smaller fluctuation volatility by using a general prediction algorithm based on overshoot in cybernetics. It can also give explanation to counter-cyclical supervision theory and macro-prudential regulation. Furthermore, it can provide numerical operation guide for countercyclical supervision theory and macro-prudential regulation.

Design of the longitudinal-gradient dipole magnets for HEPS

TheHigh Energy Photon Source(HEPS)is the fourth generation light source with high brilliance and lowemittance.The lattice of the storage ring consists of five different dipoles with longitudinal gradients.The longitudinal-gradient dipoles(BLGs)are permanent magnets.This paper presents the construction of BLGs and the magnetic field results using OPERA3D.By optimizing the shape of the polar surface,the magnetic field uniformity is optimized to about 2×10−4.With some adjustable screws,the magnetic field is controlled accurately.Some temperature compensation shunt sheets are arranged to make the temperature stability of magnets better than±50 ppm/°C.At last,the mechanical tolerances of the magnets are studied.