Surgical approaches for stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis:feasibility of complete video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) thymectomy in comparison with trans-sternal resection

Complete resection could be achieved in virtually all myasthenic patients with Masaoka stage I and II thymoma us- ing the trans-sternal technique. Whether this is appropriate for minimally invasive approach is not yet clear. We evalu- ated the feasibility of complete video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery （VATS） thymectomy for the treatment of Ma- saoka stage I and Ⅱ thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis, compared to conventional trans-sternal thymectomy. We summarized 33 patients with Masaoka stage I and II thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis between April 2006 and September 2011. Of these, 15 patients underwent right-sided complete VATS （the VATS group） by us- ing adjuvant pneuomomediastinum, comparing with 18 patients using the trans-sternal approach （the T3b group）. No intraoperative death was found and no VATS case required conversion to median sternotomy. Significant differences between the two groups regarding duration of surgery and volume of intraoperative blood loss （P = 0.001 and P 〈 0.001, respectively） were observed. Postoperative morbidities were 26.7% and 33.3% for the VATS and T3b groups, respectively. All 33 patients were followed up for 12 to 61 months in the study. The cumulative probabilities of reaching complete stable remission and effective rate were 26.7% （4/15） and 93.3% （14/15） in the VATS group, which had a significantly higher complete stable remission and effective rate than those in the T3b group （P = 0.026 and P = 0.000, respectively）. We conclude that VATS thymectomy utilizing adjuvant pneuomo- mediastinum for the treatment of stage I and II thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis is technically feasible but deserves further investigation in a large series with long-term follow-up.

Uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic fissureless right upper lobe anterior segmentectomy for inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor:A case report

BACKGROUND Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors(IMTs)are exceptionally rare neoplasms with intermediate malignant potential.Surgery is the accepted treatment option,aiming for complete resection with clear margins.CASE SUMMARY A 39-year-old woman presented with a growing solitary pulmonary nodule measuring 2.0 cm in the right upper lobe(RUL)of the lung.The patient underwent a RUL anterior segmentectomy using uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopy.A preliminary tissue diagnosis indicated malignancy;however,it was later revised to an IMTs.Due to the absence of a minor fissure between the right upper and middle lobes,an alternative resection approach was necessary.Therefore,we utilized indocyanine green injection to aid in delineating the intersegmental plane.Following an uneventful recovery,the patient was discharged on the third postoperative day.Thereafter,annual chest tomography scans were scheduled to monitor for potential local recurrence.CONCLUSION This case underscores the challenges in diagnosing and managing IMTs,showing the importance of accurate pathologic assessments and tailored surgical strategies.

Nonintubated uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for primary spontaneous pneumothorax

Objective： The objective of the current study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of nonintubated nniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery （VATS） for the management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax （PSP）. Methods： From November 2011 to June 2013, 32 consecutive patients with PSP were treated by nonintubated uniportal thoracoscopic bullectomy using epidnral anaesthesia and sedation without endotracheal intubation. An incision 2 cm in length was made at the 6th intercostal space in the median axillary line. The pleural space was entered by blunt dissection for placement of a soft incision protector. Instruments were then inserted through the incision protector to perform thoracoscopic bullectomy. Data were collected within a minimum follow-up period of 10 months. Results： The average time of surgery was 49.0 rain （range, 33-65 rain）. No complications were recorded. The postoperative feeding time was 6 h. The mean postoperative chest tube drainage and hospital stay were 19.3 h and 41.6 h, respectively. The postoperative pain was mild for 30 patients （93.75%） and moderate for two patients （6.25%）. No recurrences ofpneumothorax were observed at follow-up. Conclusions： The initial results indicated that nonintubated uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic operations are not only technically feasible, but may also be a safe and less invasive alternative for select patients in the management of PSP. This is the first report to include the use of a nonintubated uniportal technique in VATS for such a large number of PSP cases. Further work and development of instruments are needed to define the applications and advantages of this technique.

Safety and feasibility of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for stage IIIA lung cancer

Objective： The current study was prospectively designed to explore the application of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery （VATS） radical treatment for patients with stage ⅢA lung cancer, with the primary endpoints being the safety and feasibility of this operation and the second endpoints being the survival and complications after the surgery. Methods： A total of 51 patients with radiologically or mediastinoscopically confirmed stage ⅢA lung cancer underwent VATS radical treatment, during which the standard pulmonary lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection were performed after pre-operative assessment. The operative time, intraoperative blood loss/ complications, postoperative recovery, postoperative complications, and lymph node dissection were recorded and analyzed. This study was regarded as successful if the surgical success rate reached 90% or higher. Results： A total of 51 patients with non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） were enrolled in this study from March 2009 to February 2010. The median post-operative follow-up duration was 50.5 months. Of these 51 patients, 41 （80.4%） had N2 lymph node metastases. All patients underwent the thoracoscopic surgeries, among whom 50 （98%） received pulmonary lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection completely under the thoracoscope, 6 had their incisions extended to about 6 cm due to larger tumor sizes, and 1 had his surgery performed using a 12 cm small incision for handling the adhesions between lymph nodes and blood vessels. No patient was converted to conventional open thoracotomy. No perioperative death was noted. One patient received a second surgery on the second post-operative day due to large drainage （〉1,000 mL）, and the postoperative recovery was satisfactory. Up to 45 patients （88.2%） did not suffer from any perioperative complication, and 6 （11.8%） experienced one or more complications. Conclusions： VATS radical treatment is a safe and feasible treatment for stage ⅢA lung cancer.

A single institution experience using the LigaSure vessel sealing system in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for primary spontaneous pneumothorax

This study sought to report our 6-year experience with the LigaSure vessel sealing system（LVSS） in videoassisted thoracoscopic surgery（VATS） for primary spontaneous pneumothorax.A series of 180 consecutive patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax were operated on in our institution from May 2005 to December 2010.Intraoperatively,large lesions（bullae or blebs） with a diameter more than 2 cm were resected by staplers,and the residual lesions were treated by LVSS.LVSS was also used to ablate the apical area when no lesions were found.Conventional apical pleural abrasion was done in all cases.All patients were successfully treated using VATS with minimal perioperative bleeding.The mean operating time was 76 minutes（range,43-160 minutes） for single-side procedures and 169 minutes（range,135-195 minutes） for bilateral procedures,the mean number of applied staples was 1.93 per patient（range,0-8 days）,the duration of drainage was 3.8 days（range,2-15 days）,and the duration of hospital stay was 5.8 days（range,3-16 days）.Postoperative complications included persistent air leak（〉 5 days） in 11 cases（6.1%） and residual pneumothorax in 6（3.3%）.None required reoperation.The mean duration of follow-up was 57 months（range,24-105 months）.Recurrence was seen in three cases（1.7%）,and all underwent another operation thereafter.None of the lesions in the relapse cases received ablation with LVSS in the first operation.LVSS can optimize VATS for primary spontaneous pneumothorax and reduces the use of single-use staples.The method is safe,easy to use,and cost-effective and produces satisfactory results.

Uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for complex mediastinal mature teratoma:A case report

BACKGROUND Mediastinal mature teratoma is the most common histological type of primary extragonadal germ cell tumor.In this report,we describe a rare case of giant mature teratoma located primarily in the anterior mediastinum and causing partial atelectasis of the upper and middle lobes of the right lung,as well as extrinsic compression of the right atrium.CASE SUMMARY A 31-year-old male with a giant mediastinal mature teratoma presented with progressive exertional dyspnea and chest pain for 1 mo.Computed tomography of the chest indicated the diagnosis of anterior mediastinal teratoma.The patient underwent right uniportal anterior approach video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS).En bloc resection of the giant teratoma,wedge resection of the upper and middle lobes of the right lung,resection of the thymus and partial excision of the pericardium were successfully performed.The pathological diagnosis revealed a mature cystic teratoma with foreign-body reaction that was closely related to the right lung,atrium dextrum,superior vena cava and ascending aorta.An atrophic thymic tissue was also discovered at the external teratoma surface.The patient was discharged on postoperative day 7.CONCLUSION This is the first report of the use of uniportal VATS for complete resection of a teratoma in combination with wedge resection of the right upper and middle lung lobes and partial resection of the pericardium.

Middle lobe torsion after right upper and lower lobectomy:repositioning of lobar torsion using a3-cm uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery

We aimed to describe a method for repositioning of right middle lobar torsion by using a 3-cm uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS) approach. Middle lobe torsion occurred after right upper and lower lobectomy in a 74-year-old man. Immediate re-exploratory thoracotomy using the 3-cm uniportal VATS approach was performed. The torsion was corrected, and the lobe was anchored to the anterior chest wall with Prolene stitches. The patient recovered well postoperatively with daily improvements in chest radiographic findings. Follow-up examination was performed using fiberbronchoscopy, which revealed an unobstructed right middle lobe bronchus and sticky yellow sputum. Follow-up chest computed tomography was performed 3 months after the primary surgery and revealed increased expansion of the right middle lobe. We repositioned the right middle lobe successfully by using the 3-cm uniportal VATS approach, but more cases are needed to confirm the feasibility of the approach. Lobectomy remains the primary treatment option for such cases.

Comparison of the body pain and trauma degree between uni-portal and three-portal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for the treatment of lung cancer

Objective:To study the differences in the body pain and trauma degree between uniportal and three-portal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for the treatment of lung cancer.Methods:A total of 108 patients with non-small cell lung cancer who received radical operation in our hospital between February 2013 and February 2016 were selected and divided into the uniportal group (n=52) who received uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and the three-portal group (n=56) who received three-portal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery after the operation methods and related laboratory results were reviewed. Before operation and 24 h after operation, the differences in serum levels of pain mediators, oxidative stress indexes and inflammation indexes were compared between the two groups of patients.Results: Before operation, the differences in serum levels of pain mediators, oxidative stress indexes and inflammation indexes were not statistically significant between the two groups of patients. 24 h after operation, serum pain mediators NE, DA and 5-HT levels of observation group were lower than those of control group;oxidative stress indexes MDA and O2- levels were lower than those of control group while SOD and GSH-Px levels were higher than those of control group;inflammation indexes IL-6, IL-8, CRP and TNF-α levels were lower than those of control group.Conclusion: Uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for the treatment of lung cancer causes less surgery trauma, and patients' postoperative pain and systemic inflammatory stress response are lighter.

Risk factors for conversion to thoracotomy from video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery of lung cancer

Objectives:Intraoperative conversion to thoracotomy from video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS)is associated with increased adverse events,which is a major concern.We aim to explore the related risk factors in lung cancer patients.Methods:In our study,the data from 1305 patients who underwent VATS between June 2017 and May 2020 were retrospectively collected,among which 67 patients underwent unexpected conversion to thoracotomy.All patients were divided into Non-conversion Group or Conversion Group according to whether they required a conversion to thoracotomy and the risk factors were explored by univariate and multivariate analyses.Results:The most common cause of conversion was fibrocalcified lymph nodes,found in 33 patients(49.3%).Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrates that the independent risk factors for the conversion were age≥65 y(OR=2.696,95%CI:1.487e4.887,p=0.001),tumor size>3 cm(OR=4.527,95%CI:2.490e8.233,p<0.001),and tumor location in the left upper lung(OR=3.809,95%CI:1.737 e5.492,p<0.001).Conclusions:Advanced age,bigger tumor size and tumor at the left upper lobe could lead to conversion.In the early VATS learning cases,surgeons should try to choose patients with lower risk of conversion to thoracotomy.

Phrenic Nerve Injury Is a Differential Diagnosis of Hypoxemia after Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Thymectomy:2 Cases Report and Literature Review

Hypoxemia after general anesthesia is not uncommon.For patients after thoracotomy,the differential diagnosis is usually difficult.Surgical,anesthetic,and patient-associated factors may contribute to postoperative hypoxemia.We described two patients who underwent videassisted thoracoscopic thymectomy and developed hypoxemia immediately after extubation.Phrenic nerve injury was suspected in both patients.One case recovered spontaneously without intervention.The second case who had been demonstrated as bilateral phrenic nerve injury after the operation was continuously on ventilator after physical therapy and respiratory training for 2 months.

Long-term survival outcomes of video-assisted thoracic surgery for patients with non-small cell lung cancer

Background： Video-assisted thoracic surgery （VATS） has been shown to be a safe alternative to conventional thoracotomy for patients with non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. However, popularization of this relatively novel technique has been slow, partly due to concerns about its long-term outcomes. The present study aimed to evaluate the long-term survival outcomes of patients with NSCLC after VATS, and to determine the significant prognostic factors on overall survival. Methods： Consecutive patients diagnosed with NSCLC referred to one institution for VATS were identified from a central database. Patients were treated by either complete-VATS or assisted-VATS, as described in previous studies. A number of baseline patient characteristics, clinicopathologic data and treatment-related factors were analyzed as potential prognostic factors on overall survival. Results： Between January 2000 and December 2007, 1,139 patients with NSCLC who underwent VATS and fulfilled a set of predetermined inclusion criteria were included for analysis. The median age of the entire group was 60 years, with 791 male patients （69%）. The median 5-year overall survival for Stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ disease according to the recently updated TNM classification system were 72.2%, 47.5%, 29.8% and 28.6%, respectively. Female gender, TNM stage, pT status, and type of resection were found to be significant prognostic factors on multivariate analysis. Conclusions： VATS offers a viable alternative to conventional open thoracotomy for selected patients with clinically resectableNSCLC

Completely video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy versus open lobectomy for non-small cell lung cancer greater than 5 cm：a retrospective study

Background Completely video-assisted thoracoscopic Iobectomy is a reasonable treatment for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer （NSCLC）.At present,the indication for this procedure is stage la and Ib peripheral lung cancer （（〈-）5 cm）; however,for larger tumors,it remains controversial whether this surgical technique is comparable to open Iobectomy.This study aimed to evaluate the safety,completeness,and efficacy of thoracoscopic Iobectomy,and to compare this technique with open Iobectomy for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer when the tumor＇s diameter was greater than 5 cm.Methods From May 2001 to April 2011,802 patients underwent a Iobectomy for treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer at our center.In 133 patients,the tumor was 〉 5 cm.There were 98 men and 35 women,median age 63 years （range：29-81 years）.We divided the patients into two groups,group V （completely video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery）,and group T （open Iobectomy）,and evaluated the two groups for age,gender,tumor size,pathological type,location,duration of surgery,blood loss,lymph node dissection,pathological stage,time of drainage,hospitalization,complications,overall survival and recurrence.Results There were 46 cases in group V and 87 cases in group T.Age,gender,tumor size,location,pathological type and stage were similar between the two groups.Group V had shorter operative duration （（186.5±62.8） minutes vs.（256.7±67.5） minutes,P 〈0.001） and reduced bleeding （（218.5±174.6） ml vs.（556.9±187.2） ml,P 〈0.001）.There were no significant differences between the two groups in complications,lymph node dissection,time of drainage and hospitalization.The recurrence between the two groups was equivalent （2.4% vs.3.8%,P=0.670）.The overall survival at 1,2 and 3 years was 95.1%,81.6% and 69.6% for group V and 88.3%,78.8% and 64.0% for group T.Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that there was no significant differences between the two groups （P=0.129）.Conclusions Completely video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy was similar to open lobectomy in safety,completeness,and efficacy,but had a shorter operative duration,and reduced bleeding.This is a minimally invasive procedure that is feasible for a subset of non-small-cell lung cancer patients with tumor size 〉 5 cm.

Comparative study of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery ablation and radiofrequency catheter ablation on treating paroxysmal atrial fibrillation： a randomized, controlled short-term trial

Background It is unclear whether the effect of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery ablation is better than catheter ablation on paroxysmal atrial fibrillation （PAF） or not. This study aimed to compare the effects of catheter ablation and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery ablation on PAF. Methods From March 2008 to March 2012, 138 consecutive patients with PAF were randomly assigned to receive either video-assisted thorecoscopic surgery ablation （thoracoscopy group, n=66） or the traditional catheter ablation （catheter group, n=72）. Results No patient died during the study and all were successfully followed and included in analysis. There were no significant differences in clinical and echocardiographic characteristics between the two groups. All patients were evaluated at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after discharge by physical examination and related laboratory tests. Preoperative left atrium dimensions （LADs） of the recurrent AF were （47±4） mm in the thoracoscopy group and （46±8） mm in the catheter group, whereas the LADs were （40±5） and （39±9） mm, respectively, in non-recurrent PAF. Conclusions The short-term outcome of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery ablation is safe and effective; and the indications are wider than those for catheter ablation. The larger left atrium diameter is related to the recurrence of atrial fibrillation. Chin Med J 2014;127 （14）： 2567-2570

Lobectomy by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS)for early stage of non-small cell lung cancer

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS)provides a new approach for treating early-stage lung cancer.Lobectomy by VATS has many advantages over conventional thoracotomy,such as shorter recovery time,less postoperative pain,and faster resumption of a normal lifestyle.However,there is still much debate on the role of VATS in lobectomy for the treatment of lung cancer.Concerns regarding safety,the extent of mediastinal lymph node dissection,and long-term survival have made some surgeons apprehensive of its validity for lung cancer.In this paper,we review the development of thoracoscopy,the present status of VATS for early stage of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),and comparison between VATS and open thoracotomy in the management of NSCLC.

Completely thoracoscopic lobectomy for the surgical management of bronchiectasis

Background The feasibility of completing a Iobectomy by completely video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery （cVATS） in the management of bronchiectasis is unclear. By retrospectively comparing the outcomes from the Iobectomies that used thoracotomy vs. cVATS, we determined the appropriateness of the minimally invasive cVATS approach in the management of bronchiectasis. Methods Between June 2001 and October 2010, 60 patients with bronchiectasis underwent surgery, of which 56 Iobectomies were performed. All Iobectomies were carried out by either thoracotomy or cVATS approach. Pulmonary vessels and bronchi were manipulated by ligation or stapler in the thoracotomy group, while they were dissected by endo-cutters in the cVATS group. Results There were 21 patients in the thoracotomy group and 35 patients in the cVATS group. Two cVATS patients （5.7%） converted. The difference in operation time, chest tube duration, lengths of hospitalization, and morbidity were not significantly different between the two groups （P 〉0.05）. The blood loss was less in the cVATS group （P=0.015）. A total of 52.4% and 62.9% of patients were postoperatively asymptomatic in the thoracotomy and cVATS groups respectively, and symptomatic improvement was obtained in 38.1% patients by thoracotomy vs. 31.4% patients by cVATS. Conclusion cVATS Iobectomy is safe and effective for the management of bronchiectasis, especially for the patients with localized lesions.

Surgical incision in complete video-assisted mitral valve replacement

Background Prosthetic mitral valve replacement is a common surgical treatment of mitral valve disease.Complete video-assisted mitral valve replacement represents the contemporary minimally invasive cardiac surgery in valve disease surgical therapy. In the field of minimally invasive cardiac surgery, the success of the operation is largely depending on surgical incision, it also reflects the surgeon’s technique level. Method From February 2010 to February 2013, 80 cases of cardiac patients with mitral valve pathological changes in our department who had received surgical treatment of complete video-assisted mitral valve replacement were recruited, they were divided into two groups according to the surgical incision： midclavicular group（M group,n = 50） and parasternal group（P group, n = 30）. The clinical data were recorded including： cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic clamping time, volume of thoracic drainage after operation, ICU tracheal intubation time,postoperative days of hospital stay and time for observing the postoperative complications. The comparison between two groups was performed using t-test analysis. Result Both M Group and P Group had favorable surgical view, there were no emergency situation of redo median sternotomy during initial operative period or intraoperative death, no pericardial tamponade, no infection, and no other serious postoperative complications.Whereas, there were 2 cases of redo operation for stanch bleeding in M Group and 1 case of perivalvular leakage in P Group. Nevertheless, 3 months later, the result of reexamine showed that the perivalvular leakage had vanished. The clinical data was shown as follow（M Group vs. P Group）： cardiopulmonary bypass time（90.2 ± 28.7 vs. 87.3 ± 24.5 min, P 〉 0.05）, aortic clamping time（65.2 ± 17.4 vs. 68.6 ± 21.9 min, P 〉 0.05）,1st day volume of thoracic drainage after operation 1（75.8 ± 35.6 vs. 53.2 ± 25.6 mL, P 〉 0.05）, ICU tracheal intubation time（9.6 ± 3.4 vs. 8.4 ± 4.5 hours, P 〉 0.05）, postoperative days of hospital stay（7.3 ± 2.2 vs. 6.9± 3.2 days, P 〉 0.05）. T-test analysis of the data of each groups showed that there were no significant statistically difference. Conclusions Appropriate surgical incisions guarantee a favorable surgical view and the success of the whole process during intraoperative period. In both midclavicular and parasternal approaches, the complete video-assisted mitral valve replacement is able to be accomplished safely and successfully. Due to the current development level of thoracoscopic instruments and equipment, the surgical incision and approach for video-assisted mitral valve replacement are diversified. As a result, diversified surgical incisions can be customized according to the variegated pathological changes of cardiac patients.

完全电视胸腔镜肺段与肺叶切除术治疗早期肺癌的临床疗效研究

目的探讨完全电视胸腔镜手术(VATS)治疗早期肺癌的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析2021年1月至2021年12月于本院行VATS的患者74例的临床资料,依据手术方式不同,分为肺段切除组(37例,行VATS肺段切除术)与肺叶切除组(37例,行VATS肺叶切除术),所有患者术中均接受相应护理干预措施。术后3个月,比较两组手术指标、术前与术后肺功能指标[包括最大通气量(MVV)、用力肺活量(FVC)及第1秒钟用力呼气量与用力肺活量比值(FEV1%)]、皮肤受伤程度及并发症发生率。结果两组患者术后引流量、淋巴结清扫数相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);肺段切除组患者的手术时间明显长于肺叶切除组,术中出血量、住院时间明显少/短于肺叶切除组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术前,两组MVV、FVC、FEV1%水平相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后,肺段切除组MVV、FVC、FEV1%水平明显高于肺叶切除组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肺段切除组皮肤无反应率高于肺叶切除组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肺段切除组并发症发生率低于肺叶切除组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论完全电视胸腔镜肺段切除手术治疗早期肺癌可缩短住院时间、降低术中出血量、减轻皮肤受伤程度,且能降低手术对患者肺功能的影响,同时安全性较高,值得推广应用。

电视胸腔镜在肺癌手术治疗中的应用

目的 探讨电视胸腔镜在肺癌完全性及姑息性手术治疗中的作用。方法 2 0 0 2年 2月至 2 0 0 3年 8月采用电视辅助胸腔镜手术 (VATS)治疗肺癌 43例。其中ⅠA期 5例 ,ⅠB期 14例 ,ⅡA期 1例 ,ⅡB期4例 ,ⅢA期 7例 ,T4 ⅢB期 6例 ,Ⅳ期 6例。ⅢA期术前临床评估为N0 ,术后病理查见N2 转移。ⅢB期病例中 3例为恶性胸水 ,3例为术中发现胸腔种植转移。Ⅳ期病例中 2例为晚期肺癌伴恶性心包积液 ,心脏压塞 ;1例为孤立脑转移瘤切除术后 ;3例为对侧或同侧肺孤立性转移。主要手术方式 :肺叶切除 3 6例 ,肺楔形切除5例 ,心包开窗 2例。其中 2例同期行对侧孤立性肺转移瘤楔形切除 ;恶性胸水行胸膜种植结节切除、烧灼 ,胸膜粘连术。行纵隔淋巴结清扫 3 6例。结果 无围术期死亡 ,无支气管胸膜瘘发生 ,肺部感染 5例 ,切口液化 2例。 3例恶性胸水均得到控制。 2例心包开窗引流患者分别于术后 4个月、8个月死亡。其余患者目前仍存活。除 2例心包开窗引流患者 ,外科术后住院时间为 5～ 15天 ,平均 7.4天。结论 VATS适合早期肺癌的完全性切除手术治疗 ,对偶然性N2 肺癌手术中行纵隔淋巴结清扫是可行的。对肺癌需同期双侧开胸手术者VATS具有显著优势。VATS对恶性胸水。

全胸腔镜与传统开胸肺癌根治术的比较

目的比较全胸腔镜手术（complete video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,c-VATS）与传统开胸肺癌切除术的疗效,探讨全胸腔镜肺癌切除术的效果。方法 2010年1月~2012年8月我科行全胸腔镜肺癌切除术（胸腔镜组）31例,选择同期传统开胸肺癌切除术38例作对照研究,比较2组患者手术时间、术中出血量、胸腔引流时间、术后引流量、淋巴结清扫数量、术后住院时间、围术期C-反应蛋白（C reactive protein,CRP）、疼痛评分、肩关节活动功能评分及术后随访情况。结果 2组手术时间、术后住院时间无明显差异（P〉0.05）。胸腔镜组引流时间较开胸组明显缩短[（3.7±0.9）d vs.（4.9±0.8）d,t=-5.859,P=0.000];术中出血量明显少于开胸组[（178.4±54.5）ml vs.（297.4±73.5）ml,t=-7.487,P=0.000];术后引流量明显少于开胸组[（417.0±218.9）ml vs.（520.3±235.0）ml,t=-2.295,P=0.023];胸腔镜组清扫淋巴结（16.3±9.2）枚,明显多于开胸组（12.0±6.7）枚（t=2.244,P=0.028）。2组患者围术期CRP术后12、72 h比较均无明显差异（P〉0.05）。2组术后1 d疼痛评分差异无统计学意义[（7.1±0.8）分vs.（7.3±1.0）分,t=0.902,P=0.370],但术后3、7、30 d疼痛评分有明显差异[（5.2±1.1）分vs.（5.8±1.3）分,t=-2.041,P=0.045;（3.7±0.8）分vs.（6.2±1.1）,t=-10.572,P=0.000;（1.7±0.9）分vs.（2.6±0.8）分,t=-4.394,P=0.000]。胸腔镜组患者日常活动评分术后7、30 d均明显优于开胸组[（23.2±3.4）分vs.（20.1±2.7）分,t=4.223,P=0.000;（27.3±3.1）分vs.（24.8±2.9）分,t=3.453,P=0.000]。胸腔镜组生存率明显高于开胸组（log-rank检验,χ~2=4.042,P=0.044）。结论全胸腔镜肺癌切除术围术期对患者影响小,具有安全、淋巴结清扫彻底和微创的优点,并能改善预后。

单操作孔全胸腔镜手术治疗纵隔肿瘤

目的探讨单操作孔全胸腔镜手术治疗纵隔肿瘤的可行性及临床疗效。方法回顾我科21例纵隔肿瘤的临床资料,全部病例均在全胸腔镜下完成手术。结果全组患者单操作孔手术16例,三孔手术5例;平均手术时间95(30～160)min,术中出血平均110(20～450)ml;术后总引流量平均430(300～950)ml;术后住院时间平均6.3(4～8)d;全部患者术后恢复顺利,无严重并发症;随访1～22个月,未见复发。结论单操作孔全胸腔镜手术治疗纵隔肿瘤安全可行,疗效肯定,对于囊肿和直径小于4 cm的实性肿瘤,可以作为首选的手术方法。