Rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems have been developed to compensate for shortage in the water supply worldwide. Such systems are not very common in arid areas, particularly in the Gulf Region, due to the scarcity of ...Rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems have been developed to compensate for shortage in the water supply worldwide. Such systems are not very common in arid areas, particularly in the Gulf Region, due to the scarcity of rainfall and their reduced efficiency in covering water demand and reducing water consumption rates. In spite of this, RWH systems have the potential to reduce urban flood risks, particularly in densely populated areas. This study aimed to assess the potential use of RWH systems as urban flood mitigation measures in arid areas. Their utility in the retention of stormwater runoff and the reduction of water depth and extent were evaluated. The study was conducted in a residential area in Bahrain that experienced waterlogging after heavy rainfall events. The water demand patterns of housing units were analyzed, and the daily water balance for RWH tanks was evaluated. The effect of the implementation of RWH systems on the flood volume was evaluated with a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model. Flood simulations were conducted in several rainfall scenarios with different probabilities of occurrence. The results showed significant reductions in the flood depth and flood extent, but these effects were highly dependent on the rainfall intensity of the event. RWH systems are effective flood mitigation measures, particularly in urban arid regions short of proper stormwater control infrastructure, and they enhance the resilience of the built environment to urban floods.展开更多
运用Quickbird、Landsat TM/ETM+、Modis、房地产图、卫星过境时气象资料等数据,研究了昆明市主城区建筑区热环境特征。采用Modis数据进行Landsat band 6数据有效性验证,采用ENVI的FE模块进行基于Quickbird的城中村提取,分析连片建筑区...运用Quickbird、Landsat TM/ETM+、Modis、房地产图、卫星过境时气象资料等数据,研究了昆明市主城区建筑区热环境特征。采用Modis数据进行Landsat band 6数据有效性验证,采用ENVI的FE模块进行基于Quickbird的城中村提取,分析连片建筑区、城中村和住宅小区的地表温度(LST)的空间分布特征。结果表明:城内、城郊地表热环境差异很明显;建筑区地表温度高温区逐渐从一、二环间向二、三环间移动;城中村和住宅小区的LST均温都存在相同特征:一环内>一、二环线间>二、三环线间>南三环外区域;2000-04-24住宅小区LST均值比城中村高0.5℃,2008-04-06城中村LST均值比住宅小区高1℃,2个时期住宅小区温度范围波动均比城中村大。展开更多
文摘Rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems have been developed to compensate for shortage in the water supply worldwide. Such systems are not very common in arid areas, particularly in the Gulf Region, due to the scarcity of rainfall and their reduced efficiency in covering water demand and reducing water consumption rates. In spite of this, RWH systems have the potential to reduce urban flood risks, particularly in densely populated areas. This study aimed to assess the potential use of RWH systems as urban flood mitigation measures in arid areas. Their utility in the retention of stormwater runoff and the reduction of water depth and extent were evaluated. The study was conducted in a residential area in Bahrain that experienced waterlogging after heavy rainfall events. The water demand patterns of housing units were analyzed, and the daily water balance for RWH tanks was evaluated. The effect of the implementation of RWH systems on the flood volume was evaluated with a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model. Flood simulations were conducted in several rainfall scenarios with different probabilities of occurrence. The results showed significant reductions in the flood depth and flood extent, but these effects were highly dependent on the rainfall intensity of the event. RWH systems are effective flood mitigation measures, particularly in urban arid regions short of proper stormwater control infrastructure, and they enhance the resilience of the built environment to urban floods.
文摘运用Quickbird、Landsat TM/ETM+、Modis、房地产图、卫星过境时气象资料等数据,研究了昆明市主城区建筑区热环境特征。采用Modis数据进行Landsat band 6数据有效性验证,采用ENVI的FE模块进行基于Quickbird的城中村提取,分析连片建筑区、城中村和住宅小区的地表温度(LST)的空间分布特征。结果表明:城内、城郊地表热环境差异很明显;建筑区地表温度高温区逐渐从一、二环间向二、三环间移动;城中村和住宅小区的LST均温都存在相同特征:一环内>一、二环线间>二、三环线间>南三环外区域;2000-04-24住宅小区LST均值比城中村高0.5℃,2008-04-06城中村LST均值比住宅小区高1℃,2个时期住宅小区温度范围波动均比城中村大。