Fiber optic monitoring of an anti-slide pile in a retrogressive landslide

Anti-slide piles are one of the most important reinforcement structures against landslides,and evalu-ating the working conditions is of great significance for landslide mitigation.The widely adopted analytical methods of pile internal forces include cantilever beam method and elastic foundation beam method.However,due to many assumptions involved in calculation,the analytical models cannot be fully applicable to complex site situations,e.g.landslides with multi-sliding surfaces and pile-soil interface separation as discussed herein.In view of this,the combination of distributed fiber optic sensing(DFOS)and strain-internal force conversion methods was proposed to evaluate the working conditions of an anti-sliding pile in a typical retrogressive landslide in the Three Gorges reservoir area,China.Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry(BOTDR)was utilized to monitor the strain distri-bution along the pile.Next,by analyzing the relative deformation between the pile and its adjacent inclinometer,the pile-soil interface separation was profiled.Finally,the internal forces of the anti-slide pile were derived based on the strain-internal force conversion method.According to the ratio of calculated internal forces to the design values,the working conditions of the anti-slide pile could be evaluated.The results demonstrated that the proposed method could reveal the deformation pattern of the anti-slide pile system,and can quantitatively evaluate its working conditions.

Centrifuge and numerical modeling of h-type anti-slide pile reinforced soil-rock mixture slope

Due to the loose structure,high porosity and high permeability of soil-rock mixture slope,the slope is unstable and may cause huge economic losses and casualties.The h-type anti-slide pile is regarded as an effective means to prevent the instability of soilrock mixture slope.In this paper,a centrifuge model test was conducted to investigate the stress distribution of the h-type anti-slide pile and the evolution process of soil arching during the loading.A numerical simulation model was built based on the similar relationship between the centrifuge model and the prototype to investigate the influence factors of the pile spacing,anchored depth,and crossbeam stiffness,and some recommendations were proposed for its application.The results show that the bending moment distribution of the rear pile exhibits Wshaped,while for the front pile,its distribution resembles V-shaped.The soil arching evolution process during loading is gradually dissipated from bottom to top and from far to near.During the loading,the change of bending moment can be divided into three stages,namely,the stabilization stage,the slow growth stage,and the rapid growth stage.In engineering projects,the recommended values of the pile spacing,anchored depth,and crossbeam stiffness are 4.0d,2.0d,and 2.0EI,where d and EI are the diameter and bending stiffness of the h-type anti-slide pile respectively.

Anchoring Depth Research of Anti-Slide Piles of Anchor Bar in Soil

The model test result of earth force in the side of anti-slide pile of anchor bars was introduced.There are three groups of the tests.The loads were on the back side of the slope in two groups.The other one was loaded just behind the pile by the jack.In order to get the force of the soil,some earth-pressure boxes were used to get the earth pressure on the side of the piles.The part of the max pressure and the earth pressure was mainly focused under the slip line

Shaking table test for reinforcement of soil slope with multiple sliding surfaces by reinforced double-row anti-slide piles

Despite the continuous advancements of engineering construction in high-intensity areas,many engineering landslides are still manufactured with huge thrust force,and double-row piles are effective to control such large landslides.In this study,large shaking table test were performed to test and obtain multi-attribute seismic data such as feature image,acceleration,and dynamic soil pressure.Through the feature image processing analysis,the deformation characteristics for the slope reinforced by double-row piles were revealed.By analyzing the acceleration and the dynamic soil pressure time domain,the spatial dynamic response characteristics were revealed.Using Fast Fourier Transform and half-power bandwidth,the damping ratio of acceleration and dynamic soil pressure was obtained.Following that,the Seism Signal was used to calculate the spectral displacement of the accelerations to obtain the regional differences of spectral displacement.The results showed that the overall deformation mechanism of the slope originates from tension failure in the soil mass.The platform at the back of the slope was caused by seismic subsidence,and the peak acceleration ratio was positively correlated with the relative pile heights.The dynamic soil pressure of the front row piles showed an inverted"K"-shaped distribution,but that of the back row piles showed an"S"-shaped distribution.The predominant frequency of acceleration was 2.16 Hz,and the main frequency band was 0.7-6.87 Hz;for dynamic soil pressure,the two parameters became 1.15 Hz and 0.5-6.59 Hz,respectively.In conclusion,dynamic soil pressure was more sensitive to dampening effects than acceleration.Besides,compared to acceleration,dynamic soil pressure exhibited larger loss factors and lower resonance peaks.Finally,back row pile heads were highly sensitive to spectral displacement compared to front row pile heads.These findings may be of reference value for future seismic designs of double-row piles.

New method of designing anti-slide piles——the strength reduction FEM

At present,the thrust of an anti-slide pile can be worked out with some calculation methods. However,the resistance in front of the pile,the distributions of resistance and thrust,and appropriate pile length cannot be easily obtained. In this paper,the authors applied the strength-reduction finite element method (FEM) to several design cases of anti-slide piles. Using this method,it is possible to take the pile-soil interactions into consideration,obtain reasonable resistance in front of pile and the distributions of thrust and resistance,and reasonable lengths of anti-slide piles. In particular,the thrust and resistance imposed on embedded anti-slide piles can be calculated and composite anti-slide pile structures such as anchored piles and braced piles can be optimized. It is proved through the calculation examples that this method is more reliable and economical in the design of anti-slide pile.

Application of strength reduction method to dynamic anti-sliding stability analysis of high gravity dam with complex dam foundation

Considering that there are some limitations in analyzing the anti-sliding seismic stability of dam-foundation systems with the traditional pseudo-static method and response spectrum method, the dynamic strength reduction method was used to study the deep anti-sliding stability of a high gravity dam with a complex dam foundation in response to strong earthquake-induced ground action. Based on static anti-sliding stability analysis of the dam foundation undertaken by decreasing the shear strength parameters of the rock mass in equal proportion, the seismic time history analysis was carried out. The proposed instability criterion for the dynamic strength reduction method was that the peak values of dynamic displacements and plastic strain energy change suddenly with the increase of the strength reduction factor. The elasto-plastic behavior of the dam foundation was idealized using the Drucker-Prager yield criterion based on the associated flow rule assumption. The result of elasto-plastic time history analysis of an overflow dam monolith based on the dynamic strength reduction method was compared with that of the dynamic linear elastic analysis, and the reliability of elasto-plastic time history analysis was confirmed. The results also show that the safety factors of the dam-foundation system in the static and dynamic cases are 3.25 and 3.0, respectively, and that the F2 fault has a significant influence on the anti-sliding stability of the high gravity dam. It is also concluded that the proposed instability criterion for the dynamic strength reduction method is feasible.

Pre-Stressed Rope Reinforced Anti-Sliding Pile

Pre-stressed rope reinforced anti-sliding pile is a composite anti-sliding structure. It is made up of pre-stressed rope and general anti-sliding pile. It can bring traditional anti-sliding pile＇s retaining performance into full play, and to treat with landslide fast and economically. The difference between them is that the pre-stressed rope will transfix the whole anti- sliding pile through a prearranged pipe in this structure. The working mechanics, the design method and economic benefit are studied. The results show that the pre-stressed rope reinforced anti-sliding pile can treat with the small and middle landslides or high slopes well and possess the notable advantage of technology and economic.

Study on distribution rule of sliding pushing force and remnant resistant sliding force acting on anti-sliding pile

Anti-slide pile is one of the important methods to administer landslide geological disaster because of its advantages.It plays important role in administering landslide.It is a premise of reasonable economy and technological advance to know the distribution rule and feature of the force between anti-sliding pile and surrounding rock.To determine the sliding force and remnant resistant sliding force,according to need of study,this paper sets up the geological model and mechanics model in term of a typical landslide,and analyzes the effect rule of sliding body distortion,strength and gravity to the pushing force and remnant resistant sliding force by use of the numerical model.The distribution rule of pushing force and remnant resistant sliding force of the type of landslide is given.

复杂地质条件下铁路桥梁桩基通用计算方法

为保障复杂地质环境中铁路桥梁桩基础的结构安全,进一步提升设计质量,提出一种通用的复杂特殊地质条件下桩基计算方法。选择静水、负摩阻力、膨胀土和地震液化土作为4种基本特殊地质,以桥梁桩基设计规范中的m法和单桩承载力计算式为基础,提出它们各自分别作用时的计算方法和综合作用时的耦合效应算法。结果表明:季节冻结深度线、多年冻土上限深度线、中性点深度线和急剧层深度线可作为冰、液态水、冻土、负摩阻力、膨胀土的分界线;该方法在规范基础上增加的计算步骤、计算参数和外载增量可以移植到桩基通用设计程序中,并适用于任意复杂特殊地质条件计算,可为实现该条件下铁路桥梁桩基安全、高效、精细化的计算提供支持。研究成果应用于铁路桥梁设计中,节省桩长约5%、桩身配筋约4%。

复杂环境下深基坑桩墙合一逆作法支护设计应用研究

老城区深基坑周边往往有相当规模的老旧建筑和密集的市政管网,对开挖过程中基坑支护结构变形控制有非常高的要求。针对该深基坑周边复杂环境,采用桩墙合一逆作法的支护结构设计方案,运用理正软件进行计算,并采用通用岩土有限元分析软件(PLAXIS)分析了基坑开挖对周边建筑物和道路的影响。分析结果表明该支护结构方案能够有效保护基坑周边建筑物和道路管线。

软基中多向受荷大直径单桩桩土相互作用试验研究

为了研究多向循环受荷大直径单桩的水平变形响应及桩土相互作用机理,开展多向受荷大直径单桩的1g大比尺模型试验,探讨不同竖向和水平循环荷载比下的桩侧受力及变形响应.试验结果表明,施加竖向循环荷载会增大桩身水平位移的发展速率;最大弯矩出现在2.0倍桩径深度处,随着循环次数的增大,桩身弯矩表现出减小的趋势;在循环荷载作用下,最大土抗力所在的位置随着循环次数的增大逐渐从1.5倍桩径深度处向2.0倍桩径深度处移动,循环土体抗力-桩身水平变形(p-y)曲线的退化主要发生在表层土体;施加竖向循环荷载会增大桩土界面的初始刚度,但同时也会加速桩土体系的刚度退化.建议在海上风电大直径单桩的设计中,特别注意竖向循环荷载对长期循环荷载作用下桩身位移及桩土相互作用的不利影响.

成层地基微型桩加固浅基础的离心模型试验研究

对比了成层地基微型桩加固浅基础与不加固情况的离心模型试验,分析地基土和基础的变形破坏响应,阐明复杂地层条件下微型桩的加固机理。结果表明微型桩显著减小了浅基础的沉降量。微型桩加固的主要范围在淤泥质粉质黏土层深度4 m上方。微型桩加固下,地基的沉降更为规律均匀,粉质黏土层与淤泥质粉质黏土层的分界层附近位移变化更缓和。微型桩加固下,荷载影响区域深度减小,粉质黏土层影响区域宽度的减小幅度大于淤泥质粉质黏土层。微型桩抑制荷载向下层地层的传导,约束了下层地基的水平位移,提高地基承载力。研究得出的规律为微型桩在现实工程中的应用提供参考。

Experimental study on seismic reinforcement of bridge foundation on silty clay landslide with inclined interlayer

A shaking table test for a bridge foundation reinforced by anti-slide piles on a silty clay landslide model with an inclined interlayer was performed.The deformation characteristics of the bridge foundation piles and anti-slide piles were analyzed in different loading conditions.The dynamic response law of a silty clay landslide with an inclined interlayer was summarized.The spacing between the rear anti-slide piles and bridge foundation should be reasonably controlled according to the seismic fortification requirements,to avoid the two peaks in the forced deformation of the bridge foundation piles.The“blocking effect”of the bridge foundation piles reduced the deformation of the forward anti-slide piles.The stress-strain response of silty clay was intensified as the vibration wave field appeared on the slope.Since the vibration intensified,the thrust distribution of the landslide underwent a process of shifting from triangle to inverted trapezoid,the difference in the acceleration response between the bearing platform and silty clay landslide tended to decrease,and the spectrum amplitude near the natural vibration frequency increased.The rear anti-slide piles were able to slow down the shear deformation of the soil in front of the piles and avoid excessive acceleration response of the bridge foundation piles.

复杂环境中矩形顶管始发端地层加固方案优化研究与应用

矩形顶管的始发阶段是矩形顶管施工中风险最高的施工阶段,在施工过程中,必须在始发前对始发端地层进行预加固处理。城市核心区域由于受到地面和地下建筑物、管线的影响,经常遇到加固盲区、加固不到位的问题。基于此,本研究总结提出了一种旋喷桩加固结合钢板桩防护的施工方法,在始发基坑洞门处围护结构外侧,密贴围护结构打设钢板桩,结合旋喷加固、洞门凿除等工艺改进措施,有效降低始发端地层施工风险,保证工程自身和周边环境安全。

广交会展馆四期扩建工程展厅转换层结构选型及设计若干问题分析

广交会展馆四期扩建工程项目包含展厅及其他功能建筑单体。其中,展厅设缝分为四个分区结构单体,各单体结构平面尺寸均为207m×90m,地上2层、地下1层,主体结构采用钢筋混凝土框架结构,屋盖采用带预应力的倒三角形立体桁架。展厅与地铁28号线隧道、市政隧道(双塔路隧道、会展西路隧道)相互交叉重叠。综合分析地铁线隧道、双塔路隧道多重避让条件、与展厅相对位置关系以及展厅上部使用荷载大等因素,提出交叉重叠区域共建展厅转换层及双塔路隧道结构方案,共建区横跨地铁线隧道以转换展厅上部框架柱。通过对转换层不同结构类型、不同梁截面形式进行比较,以确定最优选型方案,并对整体结构及关键节点进行分析。提出隧道施工盖挖逆作法,针对传统中间桩柱节点存在的弊端,提出利于现场施工、质量保障的改进方案。

抗滑桩在复杂土岩质高边坡中的治理机理及工程应用研究

抗滑桩是一种常用的高边坡治理技术,该项技术可以有效提高边坡的抗滑稳定性。该文以抗滑桩为研究对象,首先说明高边坡的破坏类型、稳定性的计算方法,其次介绍抗滑桩性能的影响因素、失效类型和治理机理,最后结合高边坡施工项目,围绕抗滑桩的实际应用展开讨论。希望能够给人以启发,为日后同类型项目的施工提供有价值的参考。

复杂地形地质条件下桥梁桩基的动态设计

在山区桥梁桩基的实施过程中,因实际地形地质条件复杂,桩基常需动态调整设计。为了解决山区高速公路桥隧比高,需动态调整桩基多,逐桩逐项调整效率低,影响施工进度的问题,提出了一种新的桩基动态设计流程,并以巫镇路茶园子大桥1#桥墩为例,应用动态设计流程的思路,论证了在复杂地形地质条件下桥梁桩基动态设计流程的实用性。工程实践表明:该流程可确保结构安全及动态设计效率。

川南某换流站复杂堆积体边坡开挖变形机制及抗震加固效果评价

西南山区广泛分布的复杂堆积体边坡开挖变形机制对换流站建设具有重大制约作用。为解决白鹤滩—江苏某特高压输电工程换流站建设的紧迫需求,以拟建站址区堆积体边坡为研究对象,采用深部位移监测、原位试验和FLAC3D数值模拟相结合的手段,对该堆积体边坡开挖变形机制及不同设计方案、不同桩参数条件下的抗震加固效果进行评价,并分析其抗震加固机理。结果表明:①换流站“多成因类型土体”的复杂堆积体边坡开挖极易产生变形,失稳模式为“牵引式蠕滑-拉裂”;②开挖过程中形成的高陡临空面是导致此类堆积体边坡变形的主控因素,堆积体边坡土体的高水敏性是短历时强降雨后坡体变形加剧的内在诱因;③经过圆形抗滑桩和矩形抗滑桩两种边坡加固方案治理后,坡体变形量均显著降低,坡体内最大变形位置位于坡体中后部,堆积体边坡在天然、地震工况下的稳定系数均符合设计要求,采用矩形抗滑桩对此类型堆积体边坡的治理具有更高的抗滑支挡效益和经济效益;④地震工况下,抗滑桩桩顶变形最大,剪力和弯矩随着地震波的增加呈先增加后减小,最终达到最大值的变化趋势,最大弯矩值位于抗滑桩桩身约1/2处,边坡的支挡设计应结合桩身剪力、弯矩等分布规律进行。研究成果可为类似工程的设计和施工提供参考。

复杂地质钻孔灌注桩施工技术分析

为进一步提高桥梁桩基工程的施工质量和效率,文章结合某桥梁工程的实际情况,详细分析了在复杂地质条件下钻孔灌注桩施工难点及施工技术的应用方法,其中涵盖了科学埋设护筒、合理清理孔洞及有序安装导管等,以应对施工过程中可能出现的一系列问题,如漏浆、埋钻、塌孔等,旨在保证桩基施工的安全性和可靠性,助推桥梁工程高质量、高效率竣工,为相关人员提供参考和借鉴。

复杂地质条件下桥梁桩基施工的质量控制探究

为解决复杂地质条件下桥梁桩基施工的质量控制问题,本文以某公路桥梁工程为例,对桩基施工的质量控制措施进行研究,提出了一系列有效的控制方法,以期为桥梁工程提供参考。