Fully Decoupled Branch Energy Balancing Control Method for Modular Multilevel Matrix Converter Based on Sequence Circulating Components

The modular multilevel matrix converter(M3C)is a potential frequency converter for low-frequency AC transmission.However,capacitor voltage control of high-voltage and largecapacity M3C is more difficult,especially for voltage balancing between branches.To solve this problem,this paper defines sequence circulating components and theoretically analyzes the influence mechanism of different sequence circulating components on branch capacitor voltage.A fully decoupled branch energy balancing control method based on four groups of sequence circulating components is proposed.This method can control capacitor voltages of nine branches in horizontal,vertical and diagonal directions.Considering influences of both circulating current and voltage,a cross decoupled control is designed to improve control precision.Simulation results are taken from a low-frequency transmission system based on PSCAD/EMTDC,and effectiveness and precision of the proposed branch energy balancing control method are verified in the case of nonuniform parameters and an unbalanced power system.

Detection Scheme of Positive Sequence Components Based on Operation Period Delay Filter

Fast and accurate acquisition of positive sequence components of unbalanced grid voltage is an essential requirement to ensure the safety operation of the grid-connected inverter.To improve the extraction speed of positive sequence components of unbalanced voltage,this study proposes a sampling period delay filter(SPDF)to quickly separate positive and negative sequence components by delaying two sampling periods of grid voltage in dq frame.With the SPDF method,only one coordinate transformation is required and the computational burden can be reduced apparently.Then,the noise immunity performance of the proposed SPDF algorithm is investigated;and the corresponding solution,operation period delay filter(OPDF),can guarantee the desired fast response performance under the premise of limiting the amplified noise within the acceptable range.Finally,the feasibility and priority of the above two algorithms have been verified by the simulation and experimental results.

Inverse-time Backup Protection Based on Unified Characteristic Equation for Distribution Networks with High Proportion of Distributed Generations

The setting work of backup protection using steady-state current is tedious,and mismatches occasionally occur due to the increased proportion of distributed generations(DGs)connected to the power grid.Thus,there is a practical need to study a backup protection technology that does not require step-by-step setting and can be adaptively coordinated.This paper proposes an action sequence adaptive to fault positions that uses only positive sequence fault component(PSFC)voltage.Considering the influence of DGs,the unified time dial setting can be obtained by selecting specific points.The protection performance is improved by using the adjacent upstream and downstream protections to meet the coordination time interval in the case of metallic faults at the near-and far-ends of the line.Finally,the expression and implementation scheme for inverse-time backup protection(ITBP)based on the unified characteristic equation is given.Simulation results show that this scheme can adapt to DG penetration scenarios and can realize the adaptive coordination of multi-level relays.

Adaptive Three-phase Estimation of Sequence Components and Frequency Using H∞ Filter Based on Sparse Model

The estimation of sequence or symmetrical components and frequency in three-phase unbalanced power system is of great importance for protection and relay.This paper proposes a new H∞filter based on sparse model to track the sequence components and the frequency of three-phase unbalanced power systems.The inclusion of sparsity improves the error convergence behavior of estimation model and hence short-duration non-stationary PQ events can easily be tracked in the time domain.The proposed model is developed using l1 norm penalty in the cost function of H∞filter,which is quite suitable for estimation across all the three phases of an unbalanced system.This model uses real state space modeling across three phases to estimate amplitude and phase parameters of sequence components.However,frequency estimation uses complex state space modeling and Clarke transformation generates a complex measurement signal from the unbalanced three-phase voltages.The state vector used for frequency estimation consists of two state variables.The proposed sparse model is tested using distorted three-phase signals from IEEE-1159-PQE database and the data generated from experimental laboratory setup.The analysis of absolute and mean square error is presented to validate the performance of the proposed model.

Interharmonic Analysis Model of Photovoltaic Grid-connected System with Extended Dynamic Phasors

The interactions between randomly fluctuating power outputs from photovoltaic(PV) at the DC side and background voltage distortions at the AC side could generate interharmonics in the PV grid-connected system(PVGS). There is no universal method that can reveal the transmission mechanism of interharmonics and realize accurate calculation in different scenarios where interharmonics exist in the PVGS. Therefore, extended dynamic phasors(EDPs) and EDP sequence components(EDPSCs) are employed in the interharmonic analysis of the PVGS. First, the dynamic phasors(DPs) and dynamic phasor sequence components(DPSCs) are extended into EDPs and EDPSCs by selecting a suitable fundamental frequency other than the power frequency. Second, an interharmonic analysis model of the PVGS is formulated as a set of state space equations. Third, with the decoupling characteristics of EDPSCs,generation principles and interactions among the interharmonics in the PVGS are presented by the sequence components,and its correctness is verified by simulation and experiment.The presented model can be used to accurately calculate the interharmonics generated in the PVGS both at the AC and DC sides. Because of the decoupling among the EDPSCs, the set of state space equations can effectively describe the principle.

A primary-secondary background model with sliding window PCA algorithm

Rain and snow seriously degrade outdoor video quality.In this work,a primary-secondary background model for removal of rain and snow is built.First,we analyze video noise and use a sliding window sequence principal component analysis de-nosing algorithm to reduce white noise in the video.Next,we apply the Gaussian mixture model(GMM)to model the video and segment all foreground objects primarily.After that,we calculate von Mises distribution of the velocity vectors and ratio of the overlapped region with referring to the result of the primary segmentation and extract the interesting object.Finally,rain and snow streaks are inpainted using the background to improve the quality of the video data.Experiments show that the proposed method can effectively suppress noise and extract interesting targets.