Microwave Absorption Properties of Polyester Composites Incorporated with Heterostructure Nanofillers with Carbon Nanotubes as Carriers

Carbonaceous nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes （CNTs）, magnetic metal nanomaterials and semicon- ductor nanomaterials are superior candidates for microwave absorbers. Taking full advantage of the features of CNTs, nanophase cobalt and nanophase zinc oxide, whose main microwave absorption mechanisms are based on resistance loss, magnetic loss and dielectric loss, we fabricate CNT/Co and CNT/ZnO heterostructure nanocom- posites, respectively. By using the CNTs, CNT/Co nanocomposites and CNT/ZnO nanocomposites as nanofillers, composites with polyester as matrix are prepared by in situ polymerization, and their microwave absorption per- formance is studied. It is indicated that the synergetic effects of the physic properties of different components in nano-heterostructures result in greatly enhanced microwave absorption performance in a wide frequency range. The absorption peak is increased, the absorption bandwidth is broadened, and the maximum peak shifts to a lower frequency.

Investigate of in situ sludge reduction in sequencing batch biofilm reactor:Performances,mechanisms and comparison of different carriers

Biofilm is an effective simultaneous denitrification and in situ sludge reduction system,and the characteristics of different biofilm carrier have important implications for biofilm growth and in situ sludge reduction.In this study,the performance and mechanism of in situ sludge reduction were compared between FSC-SBBR and SC-SBBR with constructed by composite floating spherical carriers(FSC)and multi-faceted polyethylene suspension carriers(SC),respectively.The variation of EPS concentration indicated that the biofilm formation of FSC was faster than SC.Compared with SCSBBR,the FSC-SBBR yielded 0.16 g MLSS/g COD,almost 27.27%less sludge.The average removal rates of COD and NH_(4)^(+)-N were 93.39% and 96.66%,respectively,which were 5.21% and 1.43% higher than the average removal rate of SC-SBBR.Investigation of the mechanisms of sludge reduction revealed that,energy uncoupling metabolism and sludge decay were the main factors for sludge reduction inducing 43.13%and 49.65%less sludge,respectively,in FSC-SBBR.EEM fluorescence spectroscopy and SUVA analysis showed that the hydrolytic capacity of biofilm attached in FSC was stronger than those of SC,and the hydrolysis of EPS released more DOM contributed to lysis-cryptic growth metabolism.In additional,Bacteroidetes and Mizugakiibacter associated with sludge reduction were the dominant phylum and genus in FCS-SBBR.Thus,the effect of simultaneous in situ sludge reduction and pollutant removal in FSC-SBBR was better.

Carrier localization in InGaN by composition fluctuations: implication to the “green gap”

A simple semi-empirical model for radiative and Auger recombination constants is suggested,accounting for hole localization by composition fluctuations in InGaN alloys.Strengthening of fluctuation with the indium molar fraction in InGaN is found to be largely responsible for decreases in both the radiative and Auger recombination constants with emission wavelength.The model provides good fitting of the experimental spectral dependencies of the recombination constants,thus demonstrating implication of the carrier localization to light-emitting diode efficiency reduction in the"green gap."

Production of ammonia from plasma-catalytic decomposition of urea: Effects of carrier gas composition

Effects of carrier gas composition（N2/air） on NH3 production, energy efficiency regarding NH3 production and byproducts formation from plasma-catalytic decomposition of urea were systematically investigated using an Al2 O3-packed dielectric barrier discharge（DBD） reactor at room temperature. Results show that the presence of O2 in the carrier gas accelerates the conversion of urea but leads to less generation of NH3. The final yield of NH3 in the gas phase decreased from 70.5%, 78.7%, 66.6% and 67.2% to 54.1%, 51.7%, 49.6% and 53.4% for applied voltages of 17, 19, 21 and 23 kV, respectively when air was used as the carrier gas instead of N2.From the viewpoint of energy savings, however, air carrier gas is better than N2 due to reduced energy consumption and increased energy efficiency for decomposition of a fixed amount of urea. Carrier gas composition has little influence on the major decomposition pathways of urea under the synergetic effects of plasma and Al2 O3 catalyst to give NH3 and CO2 as the main products. Compared to a small amount of N2 O formed with N2 as the carrier gas, however,more byproducts including N2O and NO2 in the gas phase and NH4 NO3 in solid deposits were produced with air as the carrier gas, probably due to the unproductive consumption of NH3, the possible intermediate HNCO and even urea by the abundant active oxygen species and nitrogen oxides generated in air-DBD plasma.

Enhanced catalytic activity for simultaneous removal of PCDD/Fs and NO over carbon nanotubes modified MnO_(x)-CeO_(2)/TiO_(2)catalyst at low temperatu

Simultaneous catalytic removal of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PCDD/Fs)and nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))emission at low temperature is of great significance to solve the multiple air pollution problem caused during waste incineration.A novel catalyst with excellent low-temperature activity towards PCDD/Fs catalytic decomposition,as well as selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of NO with NH_(3)is urgently needed to simultaneously control PCDD/Fs and NO emis-sions.Manganese-cerium composite oxides supported on titanium dioxide(MnO_(x)-CeO_(2)/TiO_(2))or TiO_(2)and carbon nano-tubes(CNTs)composite carrier(MnO_(x)-CeO_(2)/TiO_(2)-CNTs)were prepared using sol-gel method,and their catalytic activity towards simultaneous abatement of ortho-dichlorobenzene(o-DCBz,model molecular to simulate PCDD/Fs)and NO was investigated.In comparison with their removal,the simultaneous removal efficiencies of o-DCBz and NO over MnO_(x)-CeO_(2)/TiO_(2)catalyst are lowered to 27.9%and 51.3%at 150℃under the gas hourly space velocity(GHSV)of 15,000 h−1,due to the competition between the reactants for the limited surface acid sites and surface reactive oxygen species.CNTs addition improves the catalytic activity for their simultaneous removal.The optimum condition occurs on MnO_(x)-CeO_(2)/TiO_(2)combined with 20 wt.%CNTs that above 70%of o-DCBz and NO are removed simultaneously.Characterization results reveal that MnO_(x)-CeO_(2)/TiO_(2)-CNTs catalyst with proper CNTs content has larger Brunauer-Emmet-Teller surface area and greatly improved surface acidity property,which are beneficial to both o-DCBz and NO adsorption.Moreover,the relatively higher surface atomic concentration of Mn^(4+)as well as the existence of abundant surface Ce^(3+)atom accelerates the redox cycle of the catalyst and enriches the surface reactive oxygen species.All the above factors alleviate the competition effect between o-DCBz catalytic oxidation and NH_(3)-SCR reaction and are conducive to the simultaneous abatement of o-DCBz and NO.However,excess CNTs make less contribution on enhancing the interaction between Mn atom and Ce atom,thereby result-ing in less improvement in the catalytic activity.