Study on Shear Strength Characteristics of Basalt-Concrete Bonding Interface Based on in-situ Direct Shear Test

In rock engineering,the shear strength of the basalt-concrete bonding interface is a key factor affecting the shear performance of hydroelectric dam foundations,embedded rock piles and rock bolts.In this study,30 sets of in-situ direct shear tests were conducted on the basalt-concrete bond interface in the Baihetan dam area to investigate the shear strength characteristics of the basalt-concrete bonding interface.The bonding interface contains two states,i.e.,the bonding interface is not sheared,termed as se(symbolic meaning see Table 1);the bonding interface is sheared with rupture surface,termed as si.The effects of lithology,Joints structure,rock type grade and concrete compressive strength on the shear strength of the concrete-basalt contact surface were investigated.The test results show that the shear strength of the bonding interface(s_(e)&s_(i))of columnar jointed basalt with concrete is greater than that of the bonding interface(s_(e)&s_(i))of non-columnar jointed one with the same rock type grade.When the rock type grade isⅢ_(2),fcol is 1.22 times higher than fncol and ccol is 1.13 times greater than cncol.The shear strength parameters of the basalt-concrete bonding interface differ significantly for different lithologies.The cohesion of the bonding interface(s_(i))of cryptocrystalline basalt with concrete is 2.05 times higher than that of the bonding interface(s_(i))of breccia lava with concrete under the same rock type grade condition.Rock type grade has a large influence on the shear strength of the non-columnar jointed basalt-concrete bonding interface(s_(e)&s_(i)).cnol increases by 33%when the grade of rock type rises fromⅢ_(1)toⅡ_(1).the rock type grade has a greater effect on bonding interface(s_(i))cohesion than the coefficient of friction.When the rock type grade is reduced fromⅢ_(2)toⅢ_(1),f_(ncol)′increases by 2%and c_(ncol)′improves by 44%.The shear strength of the non-columnar jointed basalt-concrete bonding interface(s_(e)&s_(i))increases with the increase of the compressive strength of concrete.When concrete compressive strength rises from 22.2 to 27.6 MPa,the cohesion increases by 94%.

The shear strength of the interface between artificial rock and printed concrete at super-early ages

3D concrete printing has the potential to replace shotcrete for construction of linings of tunnels in hard rock.The shear strength of the interface between rock and printed concrete is vital,especially at super-early ages.However,traditional methods for testing the shear strength of the interface,e.g.,the direct shear test,are time-consuming and result in a high variability for fast-hardening printed concrete.In this paper,a new fast bond shear test is proposed.Each test can be completed in 1 min,with another 2 min for preparing the next test.The influence of the matrix composition,the age of the printed matrices,and the interface roughness of the artificial rock substrate on the shear strength of the interface was experimentally studied.The tests were conducted at the age of the matrices at the 1st,the 4th,the 8th,the 16th,the 32nd,and the 64th min after its final setting.A dimensionless formula was established to calculate the shear strength,accounting for the age of the printed matrices,the interface roughness,and the shear failure modes.It was validated by comparing the calculated results and the experimental results of one group of samples.

Performance of soft-hard-soft （SHS） cement based composite subjected to blast loading with consideration of interface properties

This paper presents a combined experimental and numerical study on the damage and performance of a soft-hard-soft （SHS） multi-layer cement based composite subjected to blast loading which can be used for protective structures and infrastructures to resist extreme loadings, and the composite consists of three layers of construction materials including asphalt concrete （AC） on the top, high strength concrete （HSC） in the middle, and engineered cementitious composites （ECC） at the bottom. To better characterize the material properties under dynamic loading, interface properties of the composite were investigated through direct shear test and also used to validate the interface model. Strain rate effects of the asphalt concrete were also studied and both compressive and tensile dynamic increase factor （DIF） curves were improved based on split Hopkinson pressure bar （SHPB） test. A full-scale field blast test investigated the blast behavior of the composite materials. The numerical model was established by taking into account the strain rate effect of all concrete materials. Furthermore, the interface properties were also considered into the model. The numerical simulation using nonlinear finite element Both the numerical and field blast test indicated that the software LS-DYNA agrees closely with the experimental data SHS composite exhibited high resistance against blast loading

Shear Behavior in Indented Concrete Layers with Different Strengths

This paper investigates the design formula for the shear strength at the concrete-to-concrete interface proposed in Eurocode with regard to concrete layers with different strengths. Based upon the results of the study on the applicability of the design formula, push-off test is conducted on specimens with various indented interfaces to evaluate the actual behavior with respect to the surface roughness. The experimental results reveal that the interfacial shear strength increases with higher compressive strength of the concrete layers presenting different strengths and that the shear strength at the indented interface differs by 20% to 50% compared to the value predicted by the design formula. Especially, the shear strength developed between the concrete layers with different strengths appears to be different from the prediction of the design formula as much as the layers present larger difference in their compressive strengths.

风积砂-黄土混合料与钢界面的环形剪切力学特性

黄土高原北侧与诸多沙漠接壤,形成了广泛分布的风积砂-黄土混合区。不同比例条件下的风积砂-黄土混合料会呈现不同的物理力学特征,且风积砂-黄土混合料地基现场施工和使用过程中常与其他材料产生界面接触力学行为,相关研究目前鲜有述及。鉴于此,本工作获得了不同掺砂率条件下的混合料最大干密度,配制相同压实度和不同掺砂率的风积砂-黄土混合料环状试样,开展不同竖向压力和剪切速率条件下的混合料与钢制界面的环形剪切试验,借助扫描电镜观测不同混合料的颗粒分布特征以及颗粒破碎特征,揭示风积砂-黄土混合料与钢制界面环形条件下的残余强度形成机制。结果表明,随着掺砂率的增大,风积砂-黄土混合料的物理力学特征由黄土向砂土过渡。竖向压力小于100 kPa条件下,混合料产生剪胀的概率增大。混合料与钢界面之间的残余强度与竖向压力呈线性关系,变化趋势符合摩尔-库仑定律。随着掺砂率的增大,风积砂颗粒破碎效应增大,混合料与钢界面之间的残余内摩擦角及残余黏聚力均会减小。剪切速率的增大会缩短混合料与钢界面之间的接触时间,两者之间的接触、咬合效应尚不足以发挥作用进而减小了界面残余强度。研究结果预测了风积砂中掺入黄土的比例,可以为风积砂地基处理提供有益参考,也可为风积砂-黄土混合料施工力学行为研究提供科学借鉴。

超高性能混凝土-石材界面黏结性能试验研究

超高性能混凝土(UHPC)加固修复既有石结构中,UHPC与石材之间优异的黏结性能是保证加固效果的关键。因此,为探究UHPC-石材界面的黏结性能,通过劈裂抗拉试验和双L型剪切试验,考察不同界面处理方式对UHPC-石材界面黏结性能的影响。结果表明,UHPC-石材界面破坏模式主要分为三种,其中发生模式C破坏(石材UHPC破坏)时界面黏结强度最大。界面键槽处理方式能显著提高UHPC-石材界面黏结强度、界面剪切刚度,且在改变破坏形态的同时有效提升试件的延性,当键槽深度为20 mm时,试件表现出较好的界面黏结性能。另外,试件剪切荷载-位移曲线包含滑移前阶段和滑移后阶段,凿毛试件在滑移后阶段没有经历塑性变形。相同界面处理方式下,UHPC-石材的界面抗剪强度与界面劈裂抗拉强度呈正相关关系。

疲劳荷载作用下钢-混组合梁界面滑移对其性能影响研究

为分析界面滑移对钢-混组合梁疲劳性能的影响,在考虑界面滑移影响的栓钉疲劳刚度退化模型基础上,提出考虑界面滑移损伤的钢-混组合梁疲劳性能分析方法,以某工字钢-混组合连续梁为背景开展缩尺模型试验,建立考虑界面滑移损伤的钢-混组合梁疲劳性能分析模型梁,对比分析疲劳加载过程中试验梁与模型梁的疲劳性能,并进行界面滑移系数影响因素的参数分析。结果表明:疲劳荷载作用下,钢-混组合梁中钢梁下翼缘发生开裂,并最终导致组合梁失效,加载过程中钢-混组合梁跨中挠度及界面残余滑移均呈现明显的三阶段特征;模型梁跨中挠度及界面残余滑移随加载次数的变化趋势分析结果与试验梁吻合良好,验证了考虑界面滑移损伤的钢-混组合梁疲劳性能分析方法的可行性;疲劳荷载作用下钢-混组合梁界面滑移将引起钢梁中应力增加,从而降低组合梁疲劳寿命,建议在疲劳寿命预测中引入界面滑移疲劳折减系数,建议其取值为1.2。

陶瓷基复合材料界面微区力学行为的研究进展

作为热结构材料,陶瓷基复合材料(ceramic matrix composites,CMC)在航空航天领域应用潜力巨大。连续纤维的引入解决了陶瓷脆性大的问题,而纤维与基体间微小区域——界面层的设计是保证CMC具有高韧性的关键。一直以来相关研究主要集中于界面层与CMC宏观力学性能之间的关系,受限于表征难以深入研究界面层微区力学行为的困难。随着微纳力学测试与聚焦离子束(focused ion beam,FIB)技术的发展,近些年来对于CMC界面层结合强度以及其失效行为的表征逐渐增多。在此基础上,本文综述CMC中界面层的作用以及界面剪切强度的影响因素与调控机制,同时汇总当下通过直接或间接手段测试界面剪切强度的方法,重点总结微纳力学手段下纤维push-out/push-in以及微柱压缩等方法的适用条件以及差异,报道这些方法在界面区失效机制研究方面的进展,并指明尚存在的一些问题。其中,纤维pushout/push-in可以反映基体应力作用对界面剪切强度的影响,但测试结果可能受到外部因素的影响;而微柱压缩测试则更多地反映界面层本征特性,无法反映基体应力对界面剪切强度的影响,也无法反映纤维拔出过程。最后展望未来的研究方向:进一步拓展界面微区力学行为的表征方法,同时确定微区力学与宏观力学性能间的影响机制并建立模型,最终实现CMC的界面层优化。

Shear properties of cemented rockfills

Application of cemented rockfilling to underground mining could not be separated from the corresponding backfill’s shear strength properties. The shear of cemented rockfill(CRF)-rock wall and the shear interaction occurring within CRFs both have some disadvantageous failure chances. In this study,we tried to investigate the complete shear properties of CRFs using direct shear and triaxial tests of cemented granite rockfill. Large-scale triaxial testing was held to accommodate the large CRF sample.Direct shear testing on the prepared flat and smooth surfaces was assessed with brief conversions and their corrections were used to approximate the shear strength envelopes of CRF joint interfaces. Two types of CRFs with the same aggregate size and distribution but different unconfined compressive strengths(UCSs) due to different mixture designs indicated insignificant differences between their basic friction angles, and also their asperity inclination angles. Nevertheless, investigation between direct shear test and triaxial test showed that the specimen with higher UCS tended to have a slightly lower friction angle but a higher cohesion than the other one.

湿干循环作用对冻土-复合土工布界面常法向应力剪切特性的影响试验研究

土工合成材料广泛应用于寒区工程建设,但土体与材料界面的剪切强度是其薄弱环节。受降雨、灌溉等因素影响,土体在一定深度范围内经历湿干循环作用。为研究湿干循环作用对冻土与土工合成材料界面剪切强度的影响,本文基于控温直剪仪对粉质黏土-复合土工布在常法向应力条件下界面剪切特性开展试验研究,试验因素包括湿干循环次数、温度和法向应力。结果表明,常温条件下湿干循环对界面剪切强度有劣化作用,负温条件下界面剪切强度随湿干循环次数增大整体呈现增大趋势,经过一定循环次数后趋于稳定。湿干循环作用下界面黏聚力和内摩擦角的变化规律与界面剪切强度变化规律相对应,而界面黏聚力的变化是引起剪切强度变化的主要因素。通过对剪切强度的影响变量及其交互作用进行显著性分析,发现法向应力、冻结温度和湿干循环次数均对剪切强度有强显著影响,法向应力和温度的交互作用以及温度和湿干循环次数的交互作用也对剪切强度有显著影响。本文研究成果可为复合土工布在冻土工程中的应用提供参考。

UHPC-NC组合箱梁顶板界面抗剪性能试验研究

为了研究超高性能混凝土(UHPC)与普通混凝土(NC)组合箱梁的界面抗剪性能,该文设计了3类界面处理方式不同的试件,分别为不处理类、凿毛类、涂缓凝剂+水冲洗类,同时进行了UHPC与NC的组合推出试验,分析3类试件的破坏形态和抗剪性能.试验结果表明:UHPC与NC组合结构进行界面处理后,推出试件的破坏形态为普通混凝土侧的拔出破坏,与界面不处理的破坏形态相同,且各类试件的初始剪切刚度相近.但不同界面处理方式对试件的平均抗剪强度影响较大,进行界面处理后相较于不处理时的平均抗剪强度大幅提高,均为不处理时的4倍以上.

土体与混凝土界面剪切特性试验研究

为研究土体与混凝土两者之间的相互作用机制,通过大型直剪仪,对不同土体、法向应力及含水率条件下,土-混凝土界面的剪切特性进行了一系列试验研究。研究结果表明:对于砂土、淤泥及砂质泥岩,土-混凝土界面的抗剪强度呈现出随法向应力增大而增大、随含水率增大而降低的特性;砂-混凝土界面的内摩擦角和黏聚力受含水率影响不明显;随含水率提高,淤泥、砂质泥岩与混凝土界面的内摩擦角显著降低,黏聚力先升高再降低。研究成果可为不同土体的侧摩阻力分析提供参考。

含水率对残积土与土工织物界面剪切特性的影响

为探究不同影响因素下残积土与土工织物界面的剪切特性,采用气动直剪仪对土工织物加筋残积土试样进行直剪试验。考虑含水率、剪切速率、竖向应力等因素,分析不同剪切速率和竖向应力下含水率对残积土与土工织物界面剪切特性的影响。试验结果表明:在同一含水率情况下,筋土界面的抗剪强度与竖向应力成正比,在含水率为17%时,竖向应力50 kPa的抗剪强度从53 kPa分别增加到84 kPa(100 kPa)、151 kPa(200 kPa);随着含水率的增加,界面似黏聚力显著降低,筋土界面抗剪强度减小,而界面摩擦角无明显变化。剪切速度主要影响筋土界面摩擦角,筋土界面抗剪强度随着剪切速率的增大而增大;且在高剪切速率、低含水率情况下,筋土界面的剪缩现象在达到一定剪切位移后有所缓解,最后趋于平稳。

纤维掺量对花岗岩残积土剪切特性的影响

为探究纤维掺量对花岗岩残积土的剪切特性的影响,采用气动直剪仪对纤维加筋花岗岩残积土试样进行直剪试验。考虑纤维掺量、剪切速率、竖向应力等因素,分析不同剪切速率和竖向应力下纤维掺量对花岗岩残积土剪切特性的影响。试验结果表明:竖向应力为300 kPa时,与未掺纤维相比,纤维掺量分别为0.3%、0.6%、0.9%时,剪切强度分别增加了23%、46.1%、79.2%,即掺加纤维对花岗岩残积土剪切强度有明显的增强作用。内摩擦角随着纤维掺量的增加而增大,黏聚力随着纤维掺量的增加而增加。低竖向应力下,土样先剪缩再剪胀;高竖向应力下,土样只发生剪缩。在低速剪切的情况下,剪切速率对花岗岩残积土的剪切强度特性影响较小;剪胀程度随剪切速率增加而增强。

碳纤维用于竞技体育器材的性能优势与改性优化研究

为改善竞技体育器材用碳纤维复合材料性能,以纳米改性材料为载体对碳纤维复合材料进行了改性处理,并对其力学性能进行了测试表征。结果发现,纳米改性材料可有效改善碳纤维复合材料整体性;随着纳米改性材料质量分数增加,碳纤维复合材料拉伸强度表现为先升高后降低的态势,抗弯强度呈现为先升高后降低再升高的波形趋势,裂纹扩展功、冲击形成功、总冲击功皆呈现出不同程度的逐渐增大趋势,界面剪切强度表现为先增大后减小的态势;表明纳米改性材料可有效增强健美操器材用碳纤维复合材料拉伸性能、弯曲性能冲击性能、界面剪切强度。

碳化复合桩内外芯界面剪切特性试验研究

为了探究碳化复合桩内外芯界面的剪切特性,采用直剪试验研究不同法向应力条件下碳化黏土-透水混凝土界面的摩擦特性,得到不同参数对界面剪切特性的影响规律,并建立了基于无侧限抗压强度的界面剪切强度预测模型.结果表明:界面剪切强度、黏聚力、内摩擦角和界面摩擦角等指标先随碳化时间、氧化镁掺量和初始含水率的增加而增大,随后减小或趋于平稳;碳化黏土-透水混凝土界面剪切强度最高达399 kPa;界面剪切应力-剪切位移曲线有双曲线型和软化型2种类型,同时界面剪切强度与无侧限抗压强度呈线性关系,界面剪切强度约为碳化黏土无侧抗压强度的0.17~0.30倍.

剑麻纤维复合基材土岩界面剪切性能试验

为揭示剑麻纤维掺量与界面粗糙度对土-岩界面剪切力学性能的影响规律,采用表面起伏的混凝土模块作为岩面相似材料,进行了一系列的改进室内直剪试验,并结合扫描电镜试验进一步分析了剑麻纤维参与强化界面剪切性能的机理。结果表明:剑麻纤维通过提高黏聚力提高土-混凝土界面间的剪切力学性能;纤维添加量为0.8%的土-混凝土界面黏聚力提高80%~500%,内摩擦角提高10%~20%;界面粗糙度主要通过提高黏聚力增强界面剪切力学性能,6.5 mm粗糙度的界面黏聚力增量为7~15.5.kPa,提高20%~300%;对于素土界面和掺纤维界面,粗糙度对土-混凝土界面间剪切力学性能的强化表现为2种模式,加入纤维的界面黏聚力关于粗糙度的增长关系上,粗糙度的最优值出现在较小区间(0~2.5 mm)。

有机复合客土基材接触面剪切力学特性试验

为研究高分子材料和接触面粗糙度对土-岩接触面剪切力学性能的影响,设计预制混凝土模块作为岩面相似材料,开展一系列改进型直剪试验,分析高分子材料和接触面粗糙度的影响规律,并结合扫描电镜试验深入揭示高分子材料的改良机制。结果表明,高分子材料主要通过提高黏聚力极大地改善基材土和接触面的剪切力学性能,掺量2%的基材试样黏聚力达41.76 kPa,提高了约3倍。掺量2%的不同接触面试样黏聚力提高了2~7倍;增大接触面粗糙度主要通过提高黏聚力增强接触面剪切力学性能,粗糙度为6.5 mm的不同接触面间黏聚力提升幅度为12.27~23.77 kPa,提高了0.4~3.9倍;对于平坦接触面和粗糙接触面,高分子材料对剪切性能的强化表现为两种不同模式;高分子材料与接触面粗糙度对接触面的剪切性能具有协同强化效应。

春融期根-土复合体边坡稳定性影响因素研究

春融期,受冻融影响,季冻区边坡极易出现浅层热融滑塌现象,为研究春融期生态边坡的稳定性,通过室内冻融界面直剪试验,将根系简化为主根型,对比分析了素土及根-土复合体冻融界面处土体的抗剪强度指标变化规律;结合数值模拟,对比分析有无冻融界面试样塑性区的剪切破坏情况,建立模型,计算植物根系穿过冻融界面土体时的边坡安全系数。结果表明:随冻融次数增加,素土冻融界面土体抗剪强度损伤程度大于根-土复合体,素土及根-土复合体冻融界面处土体黏聚力均降低,而摩擦角均增加;冻融界面试样的剪切塑性区主要于正融区土体内发展,且剪切塑性区体积明显大于无冻融界面试样;根系穿过冻融界面土体时,显著提高冻融界面土体的抗剪强度,增强春融期边坡的稳定性。研究成果可为季冻区生态边坡工程的设计、施工和维护提供有效的科学依据。

预制UHPC与后浇NC界面的抗剪性能

采用预制超高性能混凝土(Ultra‐high Performance Concrete,UHPC)作为底板并与后浇普通混凝土(Normal Concrete,NC)形成组合结构,可有效减轻结构自重,提高施工效率。为研究界面处理方法对预制UHPC‐后浇NC(UHPC‐NC)界面抗剪性能的影响规律,开展Z形试件直剪试验,并采用数值模拟方法进行扩大参数分析。试验结果表明:UHPC‐后浇NC界面破坏模式分为完全界面破坏(A类)和NC劈裂破坏(B类)两种,界面抗剪承载力主要由后浇NC控制;植筋能显著提高抗剪强度和延性。植筋试件的抗剪强度可达到整浇试件的91.5%,UHPC界面凿毛处理的抗剪强度为整浇试件的55.7%。植筋界面试件最大相对滑移为1.2 mm,表现出较好的延性。凿毛界面试件滑移基本不超过0.25 mm,表现为脆性破。数值模拟结果表明:试验结果和数值模拟结果吻合良好,界面抗剪强度随NC强度的增大而增大,当NC强度等级超过C50后,抗剪强度由界面植筋率控制;随着植筋率的提高,界面抗剪强度先增大再减小,界面最优植筋率为1.57%。