A Maximum-Entropy Compound Distribution Model for Extreme Wave Heights of Typhoon-Affected Sea Areas

A new compound distribution model for extreme wave heights of typhoon-affected sea areas is proposed on the basis of the maximum-entropy principle. The new model is formed by nesting a discrete distribution in a continuous one, having eight parameters which can be determined in terms of observed data of typhoon occurrence-frequency and extreme wave heights by numerically solving two sets of equations derived in this paper. The model is examined by using it to predict the N-year return-period wave height at two hydrology stations in the Yellow Sea, and the predicted results are compared with those predicted by use of some other compound distribution models. Examinations and comparisons show that the model has some advantages for predicting the N-year return-period wave height in typhoon-affected sea areas.

Estimation of the Unknown Parameters for the Compound Rayleigh Distribution Based on Progressive First-Failure-Censored Sampling

This article considers estimation of the unknown parameters for the compound Rayleigh distribution (CRD) based on a new life test plan called a progressive first failure-censored plan introduced by Wu and Kus (2009). We consider the maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference of the unknown parameters of the model, as well as the reliability and hazard rate functions. This was done using the conjugate prior for the shape parameter, and discrete prior for the scale parameter. The Bayes estimators hav been obtained relative to both symmetric (squared error) and asymmetric (LINEX and general entropy (GE)) loss functions. It has been seen that the symmetric and asymmetric Bayes estimators are obtained in closed forms. Also, based on this new censoring scheme, approximate confidence intervals for the parameters of CRD are developed. A practical example using real data set was used for illustration. Finally, to assess the performance of the proposed estimators, some numerical results using Monte Carlo simulation study were reported.

Selenium Distribution Pattern, Antineoplastic and Immunostimulatory Activities of a Novel Organoselenium Compound Eb

Aim To study the distribution pattern, antineoplastic activity and immtmocompetence of a novel organeselenium compotmd Eb and investigate its in vivo antineoplastic potential. Methods Eb was administered to Kunming mice (dosage, 0.1 g·kg^-1·d^-1) intragastrically for 7 successive days. The contents of selenium in heart, liver, spleen, kidneys, lungs, stomach, brain, muscle, and bone were determined by fluommetric method on the eighth day. MTT assay was used to study tumor growth inhibition of Eb in vitro, and lymphocyte transformation, hemolysin formation and phagocytosis assay were used to study its immunocompetence. Results After 7 days' administration of Eb, the tissue contents of selenium in liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, and bone of mice increased, especially those in liver and spleen increased significantly, compared with controls; but no significant changes of such contents were fotmd in muscle, heart, brain, and stomach. Eb demonstrated inhibitory effects on human Bel-7402, BGC-823, and Calu-3 cancer cell lines in vitro. Eb also showed ability to enhance lymphocyte transformation and serum hemolysin formation in v/tro and increase the phagocytosis of macrophages. Conclusion The validated antitumor and immtmostimulatory activities of Eb suggest a hypothesis that Eb may behave as a biological response modifier when used as an antitumor agent. Eb is worthy of further study in developing a new antineoplastic and immunity enhancing agent in the light of its antitumor activity, immtmocompetenee and specific distribution in liver, lungs, kidneys, bone, and spleen.

Estimation of Poisson-Generalized Pareto Compound Extreme Value Distribution by Probability-Weighted Moments and Empirical Analysis

This paper puts forward a Poisson-generalized Pareto (Poisson-GP) distribution. This new form of compound extreme value distribution expands the existing application of compound extreme value distribution, and can be applied to predicting financial risk, large insurance settlement and high-grade earthquake, etc. Compared with the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and compound moment estimation (CME), probability-weighted moment estimation (PWME) is used to estimate the parameters of the distribution function. The specific formulas are presented. Through Monte Carlo simulation with sample sizes 10, 20, 50, 100, 1 000, it is concluded that PWME is an efficient method and it behaves steadily. The mean square errors (MSE) of estimators by PWME are much smaller than those of estimators by CME, and there is no significant difference between PWME and MLE. Finally, an example of foreign exchange rate is given. For Dollar/Pound exchange rates from 1990-01-02 to 2006-12-29, this paper formulates the distribution function of the largest loss among the investment losses exceeding a certain threshold by Poisson-GP compound extreme value distribution, and obtains predictive values at different confidence levels.

Joint and supremum distributions in the compound binomial model with Markovian environment

In this paper, we study the compound binomial model in Markovian environment, which is proposed by Cossette, et al. （2003）. We obtain the recursive formula of the joint distributions of T, X（T - 1） and ｜X（T）｜（i.e., the time of ruin, the surplus before ruin and the deficit at ruin） by the method of mass function of up-crossing zero points, as given by Liu and Zhao （2007）. By using the same method, the recursive formula of supremum distribution is obtained. An example is included to illustrate the results of the model.

Valence Distribution in AT_xV_(6-X)O_(11) Compounds

The distribution of trivalent and tetravalent cations in several ATxV6-xO11 compounds was quantitatively studied by the bond valence method. In SrV6O11, the M(3) sites were mainly occupied by trivaient cations; while M(1) and M(2) sites were shared by trivalent and tetravalent cations, the relative content of tetravalent at M(1) sites was higher than at M(2) sites. During substitution process, the trivalent cations preferred to occupy M(3) sites, tetravalent ones preferred to occupy M(2) sites. The occupancy of trivalent and tetravalent cations at M sites would change with the substitution

Analytical Models for Velocity Distributions in Compound Channels with Emerged and Submerged Vegetated Floodplains

The lateral distributions of depth-averaged velocity in open compound channels with emerged and submerged vegetated floodplains were analyzed based on the analytical solution of the depth-integrated Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equation with a term to account for the effects of vegetation.The three cases considered for open channels were two-stage rectangular channel with emerged vegetated floodplain,rectangular channel with submerged vegetated corner,and two-stage rectangular channel with submerged vegetated floodplain,respectively.To predict the depth-averaged velocity with submerged vegetated floodplains,we proposed a new method based on a two-layer approach where flow above and through the vegetation layer was described separately.Moreover,further experiments in the two-stage rectangular channel with submerged vegetated floodplain were carried out to verify the results.The analytical solutions of the cases indicated that the corresponding analytical depth-averaged velocity distributions agree well with the simulated and experimental prediction.The analytical solutions of the cases with theoretical foundation and without programming calculation were reasonable and applicable,which were more convenient than numerical simulations.The analytical solutions provided a way for future researches to solve the problems of submerged vegetation and discontinuous phenomenon of depth-averaged velocity at the stage point for compound channels.Understanding the hydraulics of flow in compound channels with vegetated floodplains is very important for supporting the management of fluvial processes.

Droplet Size Distribution on the Large-holed Compound Sieve Tray in the Spray Regime

The droplet size distribution with large-holed compound sieve tray operating in the spray regime is measured by using a double electrical probes technique in a cold model column of 400 mm diameter. The results indicate that the hole F-factor Fo and surface tension are the main factors which influence the liquid dispersion expressed by the Sauter mean diameter D32. A correlation of D32 on surface tension, viscosity, F-factor, weir height and liquid flow rate is proposed.

关于复合Poisson-Geometric分布的几个性质

在经典的风险模型中,描述赔付次数的过程是齐次Poisson过程.然而在保险实践中,风险事件与赔付事件有可能不是等价的,所以Poisson-Geometric分布比Poisson分布更为适合用来描述索赔次数的分布.利用随机变量的概率母函数研究复合Poisson-Geometric分布关于卷积的封闭性,并且讨论了复合Poisson-Geometric分布与复合Poisson分布以及复合广义负二项分布之间的关系.

一类推广的复合Poisson-Geometric风险模型破产概率

本文主要研究了一类推广的复合Poisson-Geometric风险模型.利用鞅方法和微分方法,获得破产概率公式和破产概率的积分方程,并给出了保单价和索赔额服从指数分布时破产概率的显式表达式.

索赔次数为复合Poisson-Geometric过程下破产概率的显式表达

本文研究索赔次数为复合Poisson-Geometric过程下的风险模型;当个体索赔额服从相位(Phase-Type)分布时,得到了破产概率的显式表达式及数值结果。

复合Poisson-Geometric过程风险模型推广

针对经典风险模型中Poisson过程均值必须等于方差这一局限,将其推广到复合Poisson-Geometric过程,并将保费收取次数看作是一个Poisson过程,且每次收到的保费看作是一个随机变量且服从指数分布,得到了对古典风险模型的一个推广.解释了做出这种推广的实际意义,经过推算,得到了调节系数以及破产概率的表达式,进而得到了模型对应的Lundeberg不等式.

重尾索赔下带干扰复合Poisson-Geometric模型的破产概率

复合Poisson-Geometric风险模型能够较好地刻画风险事件和赔付事件有可能是不等价的情形,在保险中有其实际应用的背景.研究了重尾索赔下带干扰的复合Poisson-Geometric风险模型,得到破产概率所满足的一个渐近表达式.这个结果在形式上与经典的带扰动的复合Poisson风险模型是一致的.

常利率通货膨胀下有扰动的双复合Poisson-Geometric过程的两险种风险模型

考虑常利率及通货膨胀下有扰动的双复合Poisson-Geometric过程的两险种风险模型,运用鞅方法得到破产概率满足的Lundberg不等式和一般公式,当保费和索赔服从指数分布和混合指数分布时,得到破产概率的精确表达式。

Effects of Biodegradation on the Distribution of Alkylcarbazoles in Crude Oils

We have investigated the distributions of alkylcarbazoles in a series of crude oils with different biodegradation extents, in combination with biomarker parameters, stable carbon isotopic ratios and viscosities. The analyses showed that slight biodegradation has little effect on alkylcarbazoles. The concentrations of C\-0-, C\-1-, and C\-2-carbazoles seem to display a slight decrease with biodegradation through the moderately biodegraded stage, and an abrupt decrease to the heavily biodegraded stage. The relative concentrations of C\-0-, C\-1-, and C\-2-carbazoles do not show any apparent change in the non-heavily biodegraded stages, but through non-heavily biodegraded to heavily biodegraded stages, the percentages of C\-0- and C\-1-carbazoles decrease, and those of C\-2-carbazoles increase significantly, which may indicate that C\-2-carbazoles are more resistant to biodegradation than lower homologous species. As to C\-2-carbazole isomers, the relative concentrations of the pyrrolic N-H-shielded, pyrrolic N-H partially shielded and pyrrolic N-H-exposed isomers do not show any obvious variation in the non-heavily biodegraded oil, but there is an abrupt change through the mid-biodegraded stage to the heavily biodegraded stage.

On the Distribution of the Minimum or Maximum of a Random Number of i.i.d. Lifetime Random Variables

Statisticians are usually concerned with the proposition of new distributions. In this paper we point out that a unified and concise derivation procedure of the distribution of the minimum or maximum of a random number N of indepen-dent and identically distributed continuous random variables Yi,{i = 1,2,…,N} is obtained if one compounds the probability generating function of N with the survival or the distribution func-tion of Yi. Expressions are then derived in closed form for the density, hazard and quantile func-tions of the minimum or maximum. The methodology is illustrated with examples of the distributions proposed by Adamidis and Loukas (1998), Kus (2007), Tahmasbi and Rezaei (2008), Barreto-Souza and Cribari-Neto (2009), Cancho, Louzada, and Barriga (2011) and Louzada, Roman and Cancho (2011).

Research on Identification Method of Argillaceous Interlayer in Compound Sand

For the compound sand body, the interlayer is an important factor affecting the adjustment of oil production structure and remaining oil distribution. According to the origin of argillaceous interlayer, the interlayer is divided into three types, including barriers between two single layers, intercalations between two single sands and intercalations in a single sand. In this study, the upper limit of physical properties of interlayer was obtained by analyzing the relationship between physical parameters and production index per-meter. The discriminant index and comprehensive discriminant chart of interlayer were obtained by grey correlation method, which realize the quantitative identification of different types of interlayer. The intercalations between two single sands in the target area are distributed almost in the whole area, which is one of the most important factors influencing the mining effect of compound sand, so the planar distribution is mainly aimed at it. Firstly, through cross-well comparison, we summarize three interlayer patterns, then establish their forward modeling, so as to obtain the vertical seismic characteristics of different patterns. Secondly, according to the thickness of intercalations between two single sands, we take the top of bottom sand as the baseline, extract the average amplitude attribute from the upper and lower 3 ms, then, according to the seismic section and planar characteristics of the well, the interlayer structures represented by different seismic section and planar characteristics are summarized. Finally, starting from the real drilling interlayer of the well, the planar spread of interlay can be obtained according to their variation trend and distribution.

地基深空探测雷达研究进展与展望

地基深空探测雷达通过主动发射电磁波,并接收反射信号,实现对深空目标的精确测量,是研究月球、近地小行星、类地行星等深空目标的重要手段。地基深空探测雷达可以高精度测量深空目标的轨道、自转、形貌等特征,具有全天时全天候观测、精确测距、高分辨率成像等优势,对近地小行星防御和行星科学研究具有重要意义。本文介绍了地基深空探测雷达的概念内涵,梳理了地基深空探测雷达系统的国内外发展现状,回顾了地基深空探测雷达过去数十年间取得的重要历史贡献,包括月球表面高分辨率成像与永久阴影区水冰探测、近地小行星精细形貌特征获取、近地小行星轨道与自转等物理特性精确测量、近地小行星撞击防御任务处置效果快速评估、类地行星表面高分辨率成像与地质结构研究等一系列重要研究成果。在此基础上,本文介绍了分布孔径深空探测雷达的创新机理,通过多部雷达单元协同观测,可突破传统集中式体制地基深空探测雷达的口径和发射功率物理极限,形象称之为“中国复眼”雷达。最后,本文介绍了分布孔径深空探测雷达系统研制与观测实验等最新研究进展,展示了分布孔径深空探测雷达对月球二维成像和三维成像的实验结果,并对地基深空探测雷达的未来发展趋势进行了展望。

潮湿细粒煤复合式干法分选特性研究

为研究潮湿细粒煤复合式干法分选效率,对潮湿细粒煤进行了振动强度和气速的单因素试验,结合RSM-BBD预测模型获得了最优参数;并探索了不同水分的原煤在不同分选时间内的分选效果,同时分析了气流对潮湿细粒煤分选过程的影响,并评价了分选效果。结果表明:随着分选时长的增加,分选效果明显提高,最大灰分离析度可达12.05。试验煤样在气速为0.78 m/s,振动频率为25 Hz,振幅为3 mm时达到最佳分选效果,此时可能偏差E=0.135 g/cm^(3),且在此条件下分选产品有很好的脱水效果,复合式干法分选可实现潮湿煤炭的提质。该研究可以对细粒煤炭的干法分选工艺提供理论和技术支持。

新疆野生阿魏菇复合群的种群结构及地理分布

【目的】研究新疆野生阿魏菇复合群的种群组成、地理分布和自然保有量等,为野生阿魏菇资源保育和开发利用提供理论支撑。【方法】采用普查和样方调查相结合方法,采集新疆野生阿魏菇复合群资源,利用分子生物技术对收集菌株进行种类鉴定,运用统计学分析,阐明新疆野生阿魏菇复合群资源的种群组成、地理分布和自然保有量等。【结果】新疆野生阿魏菇复合群资源由白灵侧耳和阿魏侧耳两个种群组成,白灵侧耳为优势种群,占鉴定总数97.23%,阿魏侧耳为弱势种群,占鉴定总数的2.77%;野生白灵侧耳种群广泛分布在新疆石河子市、托里县、裕民县、额敏县、福海县、富蕴县和青河县等7个区域,而野生阿魏侧耳种群仅分布在托里县、裕民县和额敏县等3个区域;野生白灵侧耳资源自然保有量总体呈下降趋势,且各分布区差异明显,其中石河子市、托里县和额敏县下降幅度最大,样方内年度采集数量最低年份只有0~1株,保育形势严峻;野生阿魏侧耳资源自然保有量极少,5年内在3个分布区样方内仅采集到3株野生菌株,保育形势尤为严峻。【结论】新疆野生阿魏菇复合群由白灵侧耳和阿魏侧耳2个种群组成,白灵侧耳为优势种群,且为广布种;野生白灵侧耳和阿魏侧耳资源自然保有量总体均呈下降趋势。