Study on the Rapid Method to Predict Longevity of Controlled Release Fertilizer Coated by Water Soluble Resin

The study discussed the rapid method to test and predict the longevity of controlled release fertilizers （CRFs） coated by water soluble resin by using the short-term leaching under higher temperature. Pure water dissolving incubation and higher temperature leaching were used to study the patterns of the nutrient release of the CRFs. The correlation analysis between the days at 25℃ and the hours at 80℃ of Trincote 1 and Trincote 2 for the same cumulative release rates were conducted. Patterns of cumulative nutrient release curve followed one factor quadratic regression equation at each given temperatures, and each of relative coefficient was bigger than 0.995. As the temperature increased, nutrients release of the CRFs increased. The longevity of resin coated CRFs were predicted by use of both the cumulative nutrients release equation at 80℃ and the regression equation of release time needed for the same cumulative release rates between 25 and 80℃. There were only 0.3-6.9% relative errors between the tested longevity and predicted one. In conclusion, the longevity of resin coated CRFs could be predicted more quickly and precisely by use of the higher temperature short-term leaching method than that of the traditional differential release rate. The longevity of resin coated CRF could be rapidly and precisely predicted in a few hours by application of the higher temperature shortterm leaching method.

Effects of Different Water-soluble Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Strawberry under Integrated Application of Water and Fertilizer

Taking Hongyan strawberry as the material and PE drip irrigation tape and fertilizer applicator as the tool of integrated application of water and fertilizer,this experiment studied the effects of six fertilizers including Batian,Jiashili,Wangdefeng,Stanley,volfertile and calcium protein on yield and quality of strawberry. The experimental results showed that different water-soluble fertilizers had different effects on the main economic traits of strawberry. For the maximum single fruit mass,the highest was volfertile treatment( 28. 72 g),followed by calcium protein treatment,and the lowest was Stanley treatment( 23. 89 g). The fruit treated with Batian,volfertile and calcium protein was hard in the texture,the fruit treated with Wangdefeng was harder,that of Stanley was softer,and that of Jiashili was soft. The strawberry fruit treated with Wangdefeng and calcium protein was sweet,the fruit treated with volfertile and Batian was sweet,that treated with Jiashili was sour and sweet,and that treated with Stanley was slightly sour. The fruit treated with calcium protein,volfertile and Batian showed strong storage resistance.Strawberry plants treated with Batian,Wangdefeng,Stanley,and calcium protein showed stronger growth,and strawberry plants showed a semi-opening pattern. The yield of strawberry treated with volfertile was highest( 17 400 kg/ha),which was significantly increased compared with other treatments,followed by that treated by Stanley( 13 140 kg/ha).

Effects of Water-Soluble Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Asparagus in Greenhouse under Chemical Fertilizer Reduction

In order to understand the effects of water-soluble fertilizer on the yield and quality of asparagus in greenhouse,taking conventional fertilization as a control,in the case of a decrease in total nutrient of chemical fertilizer,the application effect of humic acid-contained watersoluble fertilizer in asparagus was studied by experiment. The results show that,under the condition that the conventional fertilizer was reduced by 30% and 50%,the application of humic acid-contained water-soluble fertilizer to asparagus in greenhouse can improve the shoot length,single shoot weight,shoot diameter and shoot growth( degree of scatter) of asparagus,improve effectively the quality of asparagus( e. g. increasing the content of vitamin C and decreasing the nitrate content in asparagus shoots),and increase the yield of asparagus shoots( by 2 583 and 4 218 kg/ha compared with the conventional fertilization,with growth rates of 10. 3% and 16. 8%,respectively).

Experiment of Water Soluble Fertilizers Containing Humic Acid in Tomato Planting

As a natural macromolecular organic compound,humic acid can promote plant growth.Water soluble humic acid fertilizers refer to liquid or solid water soluble fertilizers made by adding appropriate amounts of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium macroelements or zinc,boron,iron,molybdenum,manganese,copper and other trace elements or organic matter,based on humic acid in the required proportions for plant growth.In order to verify the application effect of humic acid containing water soluble fertilizer produced by Tai’an Gold Land Chemical Co.,Ltd.,in tomato production in Daiyue District,Tai’an City,a fertilizer effect application experiment of humic acid containing water soluble fertilizer on tomato planting was specially carried out.The results showed that the water soluble fertilizer containing humic acid could obviously improve the agronomic characters of tomato;the yield was significantly increased;the effect of increasing the income of tomato growers was obvious.

Effect of Different Levels of Water Soluble Phosphorus in Complex Fertilizers on Crop Productivity and Soil Health

Field experiments were undertaken on sandy soils with three cropping systems at Giridih,Jharkhand,India for two years during 2012-2014.The experiments were executed in split plot design by assigning water soluble phosphorus(WSP)fertilizers in main-plot and recommended dose of phosphorus(RDP)in sub-plot with three replications.The maximum economical yield of rice(4705 kg/ha),baby corn(842 kg/ha)and Chickpea(920 kg/ha)were recorded with the application of 30%WSP.The maximum economical yield of successive crops-wheat(3185 kg/ha),mustard(1720 kg/ha)and groundnut(1578 kg/ha)were recorded with the application of 30%WSP and 100%RDP treatment.Almost similar trends were noticed in terms of by-product yield,nutrient uptake and residual soil fertility status.All the levels of WSP(30%-89%)in complex fertilizers were found to be equally effective for grain yield,straw yield,nutrient uptake,and residual soil fertility.

Screening Test of Water-soluble Fertilizers for Watermelon(Citrullus lanatus)

[Objectives] This study was conducted to find water-soluble fertilizers( WSFs) suitable for watermelon cultivation in Hainan area.[Methods] The effects of three WSFs on watermelon yield and quality were studied.[Results]Fahai·Jiabao WSF improved watermelon yield by 7.87% compared with the CK,and showed a net increase of income of 538.4 yuan/667 m^2.And it could significantly improve soluble sugar,Vc and protein contents,and could effectively reduce nitrate content.[Conclusions]Fahai·Jiabao WSF is the optimal WSF for integration of water and fertilizer,and has the market prospect of large-area application and extension.

Production of Potash and N-Mg Compound Fertilizer via Mineral Shoenite from Kunteyi Salt Lake:Phase Diagrams of Quaternary System(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)-MgSO_(4)-K_(2)SO_(4)-H_(2)O in the Isothermal Evaporation and Crystallization Process

Based on the requirement of the new technology for producing potassium sulfate and N-Mg compound fertilizer,boussingaultite,by the reaction of the mineral shoenite from Kunteyi Salt Lake,Qinghai province,and the industrial by-product ammonium sulfate,the solubilities of the quaternary system(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)-MgSO_(4)-K_(2)SO_(4)-H_(2)O at 25.0℃in the isothermal evaporation and crystallization process were measured using the isothermal evaporation method,and the corresponding phase diagrams were plotted.According to the diagram,this system contains six saturation points and six solid phase fields of crystallization,which correspond to(K1-m,(NH_(4))m)_(2)SO_(4),(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)·MgSO_(4)·6H_(2)O,K_(2)SO_(4)·MgSO_(4)·6H_(2)O,MgSO_(4)·6H_(2)O,(K1-n,(NH_(4))n)_(2)SO_(4)·MgSO_(4)·6H_(2)O and MgSO_(4)·7H_(2)O,respectively.By analyzing and calculating the isothermal evaporation and dissolution phase diagram of this quaternary system at 25.0℃,K_(2)SO_(4)and(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)·MgSO_(4)·6H_(2)O can be separated via K_(2)SO_(4)·MgSO_(4)·6H_(2)O and(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)as raw materials.Theoretical calculations about the proposed process were carried out and verified by experiment,which indicated that the yield of potassium sulfate was improved and the magnesium resources were fully utilized.

Effects of Combined Organic-inorganic Fertilization on Quality and Water Use Efficiency of Spring Maize under Equal Nitrogen Fertilization

The experiment was conducted in the abandoned land of Liangjia Village,Huayin City,Shaanxi Province from April to September 2019.The experimental crop was spring maize.A total of six treatments were set up in a randomized block design.The moisture content of the top 0-60 cm soil was determined regularly,and the yield and quality indices of maize at maturity were checked.The results show that:(i)combined organic-inorganic fertilization increased the yield of spring maize by 3%-8%.(ii)Compared with CK,fertilization treatments significantly improved the water use efficiency of spring maize,with an increase of 59.2%.The average water use efficiency of three combined organic-inorganic fertilization treatments was 27.81 kg/(ha·mm).Compared with CON,combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers significantly improved the water use efficiency of spring maize,with an increase of 12.5%.(iii)The combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers increased the moisture,total starch,crude protein and crude fat contents,and reduced crude fiber content of maize kernels.However,with the increase of the proportion of organic fertilizer,the crude protein content of maize kernels decreased.(iv)Yield of spring maize showed a significant parabolic relationship with soil water consumption.In summary,70%inorganic fertilizer+30%organic fertilizer is a scientific and reasonable way of fertilization.

水溶肥替代及减量对朝天椒产量、品质和土壤养分残留的影响

为探究适于朝天椒生产的水溶肥最佳施用方式,通过田间试验研究水溶肥替代常规化肥及减量对朝天椒产量、品质及土壤养分残留的影响,共设置7个处理:CK(常规化肥)、T1(100%替代)、T2(T1减量20%,100%替代)、T3(T1减量40%,100%替代)、T4(50%替代)、T5(T4减量20%,50%替代)、T6(T4减量40%,50%替代)。结果表明,与CK相比,T1和T4处理产量分别提高21.09%和26.92%,品质提高;减量20%条件下,T2和T5处理产量分别提高14.28%和15.23%,品质提高;减量40%条件下,T3和T6处理产量分别提高7.41%和4.29%,品质提高,土壤养分残留量降低。综合考虑朝天椒的产量、品质及环境效益,水溶肥50%替代优于100%替代,替代后减量20%~40%在生产上是可行的。T5处理是生产上适宜推广的最佳施用方式。

不同氮磷钾配比水溶肥对生姜光合生理特性及产量的影响

以“冀姜5号”为试材,在生姜小培土至根茎膨大期施用高氮型(T_(1),N-P-K=30-10-20)、高钾型(T_(2),N-P-K=15-6-30)和高磷型(T_(3),N-P-K=10-30-20)3种水溶肥处理,研究不同水溶肥对生姜生长、光合生理特性以及产量的影响。结果表明,各处理中以T_(2)处理茎粗、分枝数和叶面积最高,株高与其他处理差异不显著。与常规施肥(CK)相比,T_(2)处理显著提高了生姜叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率,叶片蔗糖合成酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶和硝酸还原酶活性明显升高,单株根茎鲜重和产量显著增加。与CK相比,T_(1)处理生姜株高显著增加,茎粗显著降低,净光合速率显著提高,叶绿素含量和碳氮代谢相关酶活性与CK无显著差异,产量显著低于T_(2)处理,与CK差异不显著。T_(3)处理各生长指标及光合生理指标均与CK无显著差异,产量显著低于T_(2)和T_(1)处理,与CK差异不显著。因此,在小培土至根茎膨大期,建议施用高钾型水溶肥(N-P-K=15-6-30),能够有效促进生姜生长,提高叶片叶绿素含量、光合效率及碳氮代谢相关酶活性,有利于生姜增产。

腐殖酸水溶肥料对毛豆生长的影响

毛豆,又称菜用大豆(Glycine max L.),其味道鲜香营养价值高,是一种重要的豆科蔬菜。在减施化肥条件下,腐殖酸作为替代化肥的有机肥料的最佳选择之一。本试验探讨腐殖酸水溶肥对毛豆生长的影响,用早熟毛豆品种沪宁95-1毛豆作为试验材料,设置3次重复,分析0 g/L(T0),1 g/L(T1),2 g/L(T2)腐殖酸水溶肥浓度下对毛豆的发芽率、株高、叶绿素等含量的影响。结果表明,T1处理的发芽率比对照增加了15.0%,T1和T2处理的株高分别比对照增加了12.8%和6.8%,其中,T1处理有显著性促进效果;T1处理单株荚数、单株荚重和百粒重均显著高于对照,分别比对照增加42.3%、48.6%和20.7%。叶绿素含量和对照相比分别增加了12.7%和6.7%;T1和T2处理均显著性地促进了可溶性糖含量,分别增加了35.3%和63.5%。结果显示,施加1 g/L浓度的腐殖酸水溶肥可以提高毛豆的发芽率、株高、叶绿素含量和可溶性糖含量。

信阳毛尖茶园施用氨基酸叶面肥的效果初探

为探讨不同浓度的氨基酸叶面肥对信阳有机茶园的产量及品质的影响,在新县香山湖有机茶园开展有机氨基酸叶面肥的喷施试验。分别设置0.300、0.150、0.075 g/L 3个处理,同时以清水作为对照,每隔1周喷施1次,共3次;于2021年3月30日、4月14日、6月17日采摘新梢,分别测定品质成分、芽叶性状指标与产量,并评价其经济效益。结果表明,喷施有机氨基酸叶面肥能提高信阳毛尖春茶茶多酚与游离氨基酸含量,显著降低春茶的酚氨比;酚氨比以为0.150 g/L处理最低,同时游离氨基酸含量最高,比对照提升了5.05%~5.45%,其中以4月14日采摘的春茶游离氨基酸提升效果最为显著。从芽叶性状来看,0.075 g/L和0.150 g/L处理均能使百芽质量略减,芽密度显著增加,使茶叶更符合高品质春茶的芽叶形状。从经济效益的角度来看,0.150 g/L处理,经济效益增加最多,较对照增加了55.60%。综合茶叶农学和经济效益,0.15 g/L的有机氨基酸叶面肥最有利于信阳毛尖春茶增产增收,但夏茶喷施有机氨基酸叶面肥不会取得显著效果。

盐碱地水肥耦合对基质栽培番茄生长与产量品质的影响

为探究盐碱地水肥耦合对基质栽培番茄生长的影响,设置3组灌溉水平W1(268 mm),W2(201 mm),W3(161 mm)和3组施肥水平(N-P_(2)O_(2)-K_(2)O,kg/hm^(2))F1(260-200-220 kg/hm^(2)),F2(208-160-176 kg/hm^(2)),F3(156-120-132 kg/hm^(2)),共9组耦合处理,以无基质水肥组合作为对照组CK,基于温室大棚试验研究水肥耦合对盐碱地土壤盐分、基质栽培番茄株高茎粗、根系特征、产量与品质的影响,并构建遗传算法多目标优化模型确定盐碱地基质栽培番茄的最优水肥调控策略.结果表明:与CK相比,基质处理株高、茎粗、根系特征、水肥利用效率、产量与品质具有显著优势;基质处理土壤表层盐分含量较低,土壤剖面0~30 cm表现为积盐过程,30~60 cm表现为脱盐过程;通过AHP-CRITIC主客观组合赋权的VIKOR法对番茄产量、风味品质进行评价,处理W3F1的利益比率最小,产量与品质最佳;基于遗传算法多目标优化模型求解Pareto最优解,确定盐碱地基质栽培番茄的最佳水肥耦合策略为W3F2,研究可为盐碱地高品质果蔬的水肥科学管理提供理论依据.

滴灌不同浓度水溶肥对樱桃产量和品质的影响

以辽宁主栽的“美早”和“砂蜜豆”两个樱桃品种为试材,通过设置不同浓度大量元素水溶肥滴灌处理,探究不同施肥浓度对樱桃产量和果实品质的影响。结果表明:800倍液滴灌施肥处理的效果最佳,两品种单果重分别为13.86 g、13.50 g,单株产量分别为30.14 kg、29.44 kg,可溶性固形物含量分别为18.73%、18.68%,维生素C(Vc)含量分别为45.55 mg·kg^(-1)、44.90 mg·kg^(-1),酸度含量分别为0.80%和0.83%。

基于磷酸二氢铵-氯化钾的新型氮磷钾水溶肥制备工艺及氯含量调控研究

农业绿色高质量发展对农业肥料的品质提出了更高要求,其中新型水溶肥的开发受到了极大关注。本文以磷酸二氢铵和工业氯化钾为原料,通过复分解工艺,制备了新型氮磷钾水溶肥,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段,考察了原料质量比、原料添加量、反应温度以及搅拌速度等因素对氮磷钾水溶肥中的氯含量及产率的影响。结果表明:原料质量比对氮磷钾水溶肥的制备具有决定性影响;在原料质量比为1∶1、NH_(4)H_(2)PO_(4)和KCl添加量均为20 g、反应温度为80℃、搅拌速度为500 r/min时制备的氮磷钾水溶肥中氯含量最低,产率最高,产物组分主要是K_(0.37)(NH_(4))_(0.63)H_(2)PO_(4)。研究成果可为我国高效、环保新型肥料的研发提供参考。

化肥减量配施鱼蛋白有机液肥对番茄产量和品质的影响

为探讨增施鱼蛋白有机液肥替代化肥的效果,以每667m^(2)施用高钾水溶肥5.0kg为对照,设置每667 m^(2)施用高钾水溶肥3.5 kg+鱼蛋白有机液肥5.0 L、高钾水溶肥2.0 kg+鱼蛋白有机液肥5.0 L、高钾水溶肥0.5kg+鱼蛋白有机液肥5.0L这3个化肥减量处理,比较分析化肥减量增施鱼蛋白有机液肥对番茄生长、产量和果实性状及可溶性固形物含量的影响。结果表明:在每667m^(2)施用5.0L鱼蛋白有机液肥的情况下,减少水溶肥用量会降低番茄的株高、叶长和叶宽,但促进了茎粗、果实纵横径的生长,其中不同处理的果实纵径差异不显著,果形指数和可溶性固形物含量随水溶肥用量的减少先升高再降低,以每667 m^(2)每次追施高钾水溶肥3.5 kg和2.0 kg的果形指数最大,但与其他处理没有显著差异。不同处理的平均单穗坐果数没有显著差异,单果质量和果实纵横径的变化趋势一致,每667 m^(2)每次追施高钾水溶肥0.5 kg的小区产量最大。因此,在追求产量的情况下,果实膨大至采收前以每667 m^(2)每次追施高钾水溶肥+0.5 kg鱼蛋白有机液肥5.0 L的肥料配比最适合生产;如果追求品质,每667 m^(2)每次追施高钾水溶肥2.0 kg+鱼蛋白有机液肥5.0 L的肥料配比有利于生产,比对照果实可溶性固形物含量可提高5.8%,667 m^(2)产量提高17.2%。

半湿润偏旱区水肥耦合对大豆产量的影响

以洛阳市农林科学院长期定位14 a(2004年始)的水肥耦合试验为平台,于2017-2020年连续4 a采用二次饱和D—最优试验设计,对大豆产量及成产因素进行测定分析。探明半湿润偏旱区不同降水年景下大豆对水肥耦合的响应,为实现大豆增产及水分利用提供理论依据。结果表明:在大豆生育期干旱发生不同的4 a, 2017年苗期—花期,2018年荚期,2019年盛花期,2020年鼓粒期,大豆的产量趋势一致,同一年度产量随灌水量的增加而增加,在本试验条件下大于383 mm灌水能打破干旱的约束,可满足大豆的生长,使产量显著增加;氮肥对产量的影响较平缓,大体趋势是升-降-升-降,以N90达最大值。磷肥对产量影响更平缓,趋势与氮肥一致,4个年度以P84产量最高。3个因素影响大小为水>氮肥>磷肥。有效荚数对水肥的响应较敏感,百粒质量对水肥的响应较平稳。不同年景不同时期的干旱对大豆产量的影响要素不同,盛花期的干旱对有效荚数影响较大,荚期干旱对百粒质量影响最大,鼓粒期对产量影响较小;生产上应重视大豆花期和荚期的水分供应。

十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)在水溶肥料中的应用探索

为了探索十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)在水溶肥料中的应用,通过对表面张力或润湿面积的测试研究了SDBS对水溶肥料稀释液润湿性能的影响,采用浸种试验考查了SDBS对微量元素水溶肥料种子萌发效果的促进作用。结果表明:在中量元素和大量元素水溶肥料稀释液中添加0.20 g·L^(-1)左右的SDBS能较好地降低肥液表面张力;在微量元素水溶肥料稀释液中添加0.15 g·L^(-1)左右的SDBS能较好地提高肥液润湿性能和浸种效果。

氨基酸水溶肥对枇杷幼苗生长及养分吸收的影响

【目的】探讨氨基酸水溶肥对枇杷生长及养分吸收的影响。【方法】以1 a生‘大五星’幼苗(Eriobotrya japonica L.)为试材,喷施稀释0(对照,蒸馏水)、50、100、150和200倍的氨基酸水溶肥,测定相关生理指标。【结果】氨基酸水溶肥增加了枇杷幼苗的生物量,且100倍时枇杷幼苗根系和地上部生物量最大,分别较对照增加了21.45%和44.41%。氨基酸水溶肥提高了枇杷幼苗全氮、全磷和全钾含量,且100倍时枇杷幼苗地上部全氮和全磷含量最高,分别较对照提高了70.01%和32.49%;150倍时地上部全钾含量最高,较对照提高了36.44%。相关分析和灰色关联度分析表明,枇杷幼苗全氮、全磷和全钾含量与生物量密切相关,表明氨基酸水溶肥促进枇杷幼苗吸收养分进而促进幼苗生长。【结论】氨基酸水溶肥可有效促进枇杷幼苗的生长和养分吸收,并以稀释100倍时效果最佳。

基于博弈论组合赋权TOPSIS法的宁夏中部干旱带枸杞水肥综合评判

为探寻宁夏中部干旱带枸杞最优水肥组合,设置灌水和施肥二因素三水平共9个处理,分析不同水肥交互对枸杞生长、产量、果实品质多个指标的影响.引入层次分析法(analytic hie-rarchy process,AHP)和熵权法对3类因素10个指标进行多层赋权,运用博弈论的组合赋权法获得各单一指标最终权重,基于TOPSIS法构建枸杞生长评价体系,并以高产、优质、高效为目标建立枸杞水肥交互响应数学模型.结果表明,高水对枸杞生长、产量和品质的影响具有统计学意义(P<0.05),各生长指标最优处理均出现在高水处理,中肥和高肥对品质产量影响较大;综合协调各指标,赋权值最高为干重(0.2267),总糖次之(0.1352);多指标综合评价最优水肥处理为高水低肥(W3F1).解析枸杞生长对水肥耦合的响应模型,得到最适灌水和施肥区间分别为灌水量75%~110%ET 0、施肥量(N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O)为165.0-60.0-105.0 kg/hm^(2)~223.5-79.5-144.0 kg/hm^(2),在此区间利用回归模型Y=-0.0904+0.3706 X_(1)+0.0002 X_(2)2-0.0104 X_(1)X_(2)(综合评分Y、灌水量X_(1)、施肥量X_(2))确定有利于实现枸杞的优质高效生产的最优水肥组合.