The structure difference between light and heavy liquid water has been systematically in- vestigated by high precision Raman spectroscopy over the temperature range of 5-85℃. Distinct difference between the Raman spe...The structure difference between light and heavy liquid water has been systematically in- vestigated by high precision Raman spectroscopy over the temperature range of 5-85℃. Distinct difference between the Raman spectral profiles of two different liquid waters is clearly observed. By analyzing the temperature-dependent Raman spectral contour using global fitting procedure, it is found that the micro-structure of heavy water is more ordered than that of light water at the same temperature, and the structure difference between the light and heavy water decreases with the increase of the temperature. The temperature off- set, an indicator for the structure difference, is determined to vary from 28 ℃ to 18 ℃ for the low-to-high temperature. It indicates that quantum effect is significantly not only at low temperature, but also at room temperature. The interaction energy among water molecules has also been estimated from van＇t Hoff＇s relationship. The detailed structural information should help to develop reliable force fields for molecular modeling of liquid water.展开更多
Allelopathic effects of submerged macrophytes against algae are affected by many environmental factors which can only be measured one by one by traditional methods. Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology w...Allelopathic effects of submerged macrophytes against algae are affected by many environmental factors which can only be measured one by one by traditional methods. Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology was used to optimize three environmental factors （temperature, light intensity and total dissolved solids） of allelopathic effects of Potarnogeton pectinatus against Microcystis aeruginosa at the same time. By solving the regression equation and analyzing the response surface contour plots, the optimal conditions of the relatively inhibitory rate of Microcystis aeruginosa were that the temperature was 23℃, the light intensity was 2 700 lx and the total dissolved solids were 4 415 mg/L. Under these conditions, the optimal value of relatively inhibitory rate of Microcystis aeruginosa was 81.9%. According to validation experiments, the results of analysis indicated that the experimental values fitted well with the predicted ones.展开更多
The aim of the research was to connect two methods of the chemical control. The first chemical treatments were applied according to the signalling method. The second method was applied according to the phonological cr...The aim of the research was to connect two methods of the chemical control. The first chemical treatments were applied according to the signalling method. The second method was applied according to the phonological criterion i.e., on the basis of the values of effective temperatures sums or heat sums for cutworms. The studies on cutworms infesting sugar beet crops were carried out in the years 2005-2008. The observation performed during the moth flights from May to September included two species, turnip moth （Agrotis segetum Den. ＆ Schiff.） and heart-and-dart moth （A. exclamationis L.）. The dynamics of moth flights was recorded in reference to readings of climatic conditions registered with the field meteorological stations set up near the light traps. Observations on cutworm occurrence during the vegetation season were done every 5-7 days. Moreover, additional studies were conducted under control conditions in the growth chambers at three programmed temperatures （17°C, 20 °C, 24 °C） and relative humidity （50%-70%）. Based on the results the values for the heat sum of 501.1 °C and effective temperatures sum of 230.0 °C were determined for the developmental stages of cutworm. On the base of the results obtained it can be stated that the improved method of short-term forecasting can be an alternative solution in the integrated protection management against pest.展开更多
为了建立基于生理的黄瓜生长可视化生长模型,该研究根据黄瓜地上部分对温度和有效光合辐射的响应,建立了以光温因子—辐热积(product of thermal effectiveness and PAR,TEP)为尺度的黄瓜地上部分模型,并用独立的试验数据进行了检验。...为了建立基于生理的黄瓜生长可视化生长模型,该研究根据黄瓜地上部分对温度和有效光合辐射的响应,建立了以光温因子—辐热积(product of thermal effectiveness and PAR,TEP)为尺度的黄瓜地上部分模型,并用独立的试验数据进行了检验。模型对黄瓜叶片形态特性、叶柄长度和直径以及节间高度和直径的模拟值和实测值的符合度较好,对黄瓜主茎高度的模拟值与实测值之间有一定的差异,模型对黄瓜叶片形态特性的模拟值与实测值之间的决定系数分别为0.92、0.91、0.95,回归标准误差分别为8.5,6.9,2.8 mm;模型对叶柄长度和直径的决定系数分别为为0.89,0.93,回归标准误差分别为5.6,0.3 mm;模型对节间长度和节间直径以及主径高度的决定系数分别为0.87,0.91,0.75,回归标准误差分别为4.5、0.8、120 mm;模型对果长和果径的决定系数分别为0.85和0.92,回归标准误差分别为8.2和2.4 mm。该研究建立的辐热积模型能较准确地预测黄瓜地上部分的生长情况,可为黄瓜生长可视化系统的开发提供理论参考。展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Key Basic Research Special Foundation （No.2013CB834602 and No.2010CB923300） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.20925311, No.21273211, and No.21103158）.
文摘The structure difference between light and heavy liquid water has been systematically in- vestigated by high precision Raman spectroscopy over the temperature range of 5-85℃. Distinct difference between the Raman spectral profiles of two different liquid waters is clearly observed. By analyzing the temperature-dependent Raman spectral contour using global fitting procedure, it is found that the micro-structure of heavy water is more ordered than that of light water at the same temperature, and the structure difference between the light and heavy water decreases with the increase of the temperature. The temperature off- set, an indicator for the structure difference, is determined to vary from 28 ℃ to 18 ℃ for the low-to-high temperature. It indicates that quantum effect is significantly not only at low temperature, but also at room temperature. The interaction energy among water molecules has also been estimated from van＇t Hoff＇s relationship. The detailed structural information should help to develop reliable force fields for molecular modeling of liquid water.
基金Supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2012BAC13B05)Science and Technology Foundation of Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection(No.2013B05)
文摘Allelopathic effects of submerged macrophytes against algae are affected by many environmental factors which can only be measured one by one by traditional methods. Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology was used to optimize three environmental factors （temperature, light intensity and total dissolved solids） of allelopathic effects of Potarnogeton pectinatus against Microcystis aeruginosa at the same time. By solving the regression equation and analyzing the response surface contour plots, the optimal conditions of the relatively inhibitory rate of Microcystis aeruginosa were that the temperature was 23℃, the light intensity was 2 700 lx and the total dissolved solids were 4 415 mg/L. Under these conditions, the optimal value of relatively inhibitory rate of Microcystis aeruginosa was 81.9%. According to validation experiments, the results of analysis indicated that the experimental values fitted well with the predicted ones.
文摘The aim of the research was to connect two methods of the chemical control. The first chemical treatments were applied according to the signalling method. The second method was applied according to the phonological criterion i.e., on the basis of the values of effective temperatures sums or heat sums for cutworms. The studies on cutworms infesting sugar beet crops were carried out in the years 2005-2008. The observation performed during the moth flights from May to September included two species, turnip moth （Agrotis segetum Den. ＆ Schiff.） and heart-and-dart moth （A. exclamationis L.）. The dynamics of moth flights was recorded in reference to readings of climatic conditions registered with the field meteorological stations set up near the light traps. Observations on cutworm occurrence during the vegetation season were done every 5-7 days. Moreover, additional studies were conducted under control conditions in the growth chambers at three programmed temperatures （17°C, 20 °C, 24 °C） and relative humidity （50%-70%）. Based on the results the values for the heat sum of 501.1 °C and effective temperatures sum of 230.0 °C were determined for the developmental stages of cutworm. On the base of the results obtained it can be stated that the improved method of short-term forecasting can be an alternative solution in the integrated protection management against pest.
文摘为了建立基于生理的黄瓜生长可视化生长模型,该研究根据黄瓜地上部分对温度和有效光合辐射的响应,建立了以光温因子—辐热积(product of thermal effectiveness and PAR,TEP)为尺度的黄瓜地上部分模型,并用独立的试验数据进行了检验。模型对黄瓜叶片形态特性、叶柄长度和直径以及节间高度和直径的模拟值和实测值的符合度较好,对黄瓜主茎高度的模拟值与实测值之间有一定的差异,模型对黄瓜叶片形态特性的模拟值与实测值之间的决定系数分别为0.92、0.91、0.95,回归标准误差分别为8.5,6.9,2.8 mm;模型对叶柄长度和直径的决定系数分别为为0.89,0.93,回归标准误差分别为5.6,0.3 mm;模型对节间长度和节间直径以及主径高度的决定系数分别为0.87,0.91,0.75,回归标准误差分别为4.5、0.8、120 mm;模型对果长和果径的决定系数分别为0.85和0.92,回归标准误差分别为8.2和2.4 mm。该研究建立的辐热积模型能较准确地预测黄瓜地上部分的生长情况,可为黄瓜生长可视化系统的开发提供理论参考。
