Comprehensive reutilization of herbal waste:Coproduction of magnolol,honokiol,and β-amyrin from Magnolia officinalis residue

Herbal extraction residues(HERs)cause serious environmental pollution and resource waste.In this study,a novel green route was designed for the comprehensive reutilization of all components in HERs,taking Magnolia officinalis residues(MOR)as an example.The reluctant structure of MOR was first destroyed by alkali pretreatment to release the functional ingredients(magnolol and honokiol)originally remaining in MOR and to make MOR more accessible for hydrolysis.A metal–organic frame material MIL-101(Cr)with a maximum absorption capacity of 255.64 mg g^(-1)was synthesized to absorb the released honokiol and magnolol from the pretreated MOR solutions,and 40 g L^(-1)reducing sugars were obtained with 81.8%enzymatic hydrolysis rate at 10%MOR solid loading.Finally,382 mg L-1β-amyrin was produced from MOR hydrolysates by an engineered yeast strain.In total,1 kg honokiol,8 kg magnolol,and 7.64 kg β-amyrin could produce from 1 ton MOR by this cleaner process with a total economic output of 170,700 RMB.

Comprehensive Utilization and Control Measures of Iron and Steel Slag

With the increase of steel production,the amount of steel slag piled up is on the rise.The article analyzes the current situation of blast furnace slag utilization,elaborates on the current treatment technology of blast furnace slag,and points out that in the future,the utilization of blast furnace slag will develop towards the direction of developing high value-added products,and the sensible heat recovery rate of blast furnace slag is expected to increase.Analyze the current application status and treatment process of converter slag.The comprehensive treat-ment technology of converter slag is limited by multiple factors,and it is proposed to control converter slag from the production source through"slag recycling".

Technological advancement and industrialization path of Sinopec in carbon capture,utilization and storage,China

Carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)technology is an important means to effectively reduce carbon emissions from fossil energy combustion and industrial processes.With the crisis of climate change,CCUS has attracted increasing attention in the world.CCUS technology as developed rapidly in China is technically feasible for large-scale application in various industries.The R&D and demonstration of CCUS in China Petroleum&Chemical Corporation(Sinopec)are summarized,including carbon capture,carbon transport,CO_(2)enhanced energy recovery(including oil,gas,and water,etc.),and comprehensive utilization of CO_(2).Based on the source-sink matching characteristics in China,two CCUS industrialization scenarios are proposed,namely,CO_(2)-EOR,CO_(2)-driven enhanced oil recovery using centralized carbon sinks in East China and CO_(2)-EWR,CO_(2)-driven enhanced water recovery(EWR)using centralized carbon sources from the coal chemical industry in West China.Finally,a CCUS industrialization path from Sinopec's perspective is suggested,using CO_(2)-EOR as the major means and CO_(2)-EWR,CO_(2)-driven enhanced gas recovery(CO_(2)-EGR)and other utilization methods as important supplementary means.

Analysis and Prospect of Waste Heat Utilization from Blast Furnace Slag Flushing

Estimating the residual heat of blast furnace slag flushing in China,classifying and introducing the current proposed methods of slag flushing waste heat utilization,and listing existing cases.In order to better save energy and water in the slag flushing process of blast furnaces,an ideal comprehensive cascade utilization system scheme for annual recovery of waste heat is proposed.Based on the measured waste heat data of a steel plant,design calculations are carried out to further analyze the economic feasibility of the new scheme and provide reference for its promotion and application.

Formation cause,composition analysis and comprehensive utilization of rare earth solid wastes

Based on practical situation of rare earth industrial chain,production process and rare earth materials that could produce solid wastes on batch were discussed.Formation cause,formation volume,composition analysis and comprehensive utilization of the solid wastes of rare earth hydrometallurgy slag,electrolysis slag,Fe-based rare earth permanent magnetic materials,Co-based rare earth permanent magnetic materials,rare earth hydrogen storage materials,rare earth polishing powders and rare earth catalysts were ...

Chemical constituents,biological functions and pharmacological effects for comprehensive utilization of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver

Eucommia ulmoides Oliver is a native plant and valuable tonic Chinese medicine in China with a long history,great economic value and comprehensive development potential.Traditionally,the comprehensive utilization rate of E.ulmoides Oliv.is still very low,only bark has been used as medicine and other parts of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.cannot be fully utilized,even the leaves have been well utilized in food products in Japan in the past decades.In order to improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of E.ulmoides Oliv.,in this review,we summarized the varieties and contents of main active compounds,biological functions and pharmacological effects in different parts of E.ulmoides Oliv.The findings suggest that other parts of E.ulmoides Oliv.could replace the bark of E.ulmoides Oliv.to some extent besides of their respective applications.The unique and extensive physiological functions between different parts of E.ulmoides Oliv.indicate that the comprehensive utilization of E.ulmoides Oliv.has a wide space to develop,which is also an effective way to protect E.ulmoides Oliv.resources and improve its the utilization rate.

The New Understanding of Potash Development Scale and the Comprehensive Utilization of Resources in Chaerhan Salt lake

This paper briefly introduces resources characteristics and development advantages for Charhan salt lake;and elaborated the technology progress to increase potassium mining scale systematically,the impact of the

Technology of comprehensive disposal and utilization of municipal solid waste (MSW)

The project for treating MSW of 200 tons each day was built in Yibin, Sichuan Province of China. The disposal processes are: separation and selection of usable resources; compost and fermentation of “heavy” organic waste (kitchen, garden composting rubbish); incineration of “light” waste (plastic, paper, wood and bamboo etc.) and landfill of inorganic waste. The thermal energy generated in the process can be used as 1/3 of the whole energy for drying fertilizers. In the process, there is no wastewater drainage, and air emissions can be effectively controlled by a series of measures. The sanitary and environmental indicators of disposal site meet the national standards. This project has worked well for two years. It not only disposes of and reduces the MSW, but also retrieves the resource effectively. The organic fertilizer has been applied in the ten thousand acres of fields, with productivity increase by more than 10%.

Review and prospect of comprehensive straw utilization and government policy in China

The comprehensive use and efficient management of straw are significant for agriculture's green and low carbon transformation.This paper uses literature research and comparative analysis to systematically review the literature on comprehensive straw utilization and governance policy research in China over the past five years.The current literature has explored two major directions:regional and industrial policies and the main actors involved in the comprehensive use of straw.The research is complementary and fruitful concerning both micro and macro perspectives;however,the extant literature suffers from a lack of attention to straw intermediaries and enterprises and a lack of research across time.Therefore,this paper provides an outlook for future research.In the future,scholars should pay more attention to straw intermediaries and enterprises,conduct continuous observations of multiple regions over time to obtain panel data,and further test the heterogeneity of factors to obtain more scientific and valid results.

Technological progress on detoxification and comprehensive utilization of chromium containing slag

Chromium salt is an important industrial material, but vast waste slag containing chrome(Ⅵ) is brought out in the process of its production. The slag is seriously harmful to environments and human health. The technologies on detoxification and comprehensive utilization of chromium containing slag were summarized abroad and at home. And various methods were also described for the detoxification mechanism, technology process, and practical application effects in detail. A new concept for detoxification of chromium containing slag, furthermore, was put forward by using microorganism.

New technique of comprehensive utilization of spent Al_2O_3-based catalyst

A new technology was developed to recover multiple valuable elements from the spent Al2O3-based catalyst by X-ray phase analysis and exploratory experiments. The experimental results show that in the condition of roasting temperature of 750℃ and roasting time of 30 min, molar ratio of Na2O to Al2O3 of 1.2, the leaching rates of alumina, vanadium and molybdenum in the spent catalyst are 97.2%, 95.8% and 98.9%, respectively. Vanadium and molybdenum in sodium aluminate solution can be recovered by precipitators A and B, and the precipitation rates of vanadium and molybdenum are 94.8% and 92.6%. Al（OH）3 was prepared from sodium aluminate solution in the carbonation decomposition process, and the purity of Al2O3 is 99.9% after calcination, the recovery of alumina reaches 90.6% in the whole process; the Ni-Co concentrate was leached by sulfuric acid, a nickel recovery of 98.2% and cobalt recovery over 98.5% can be obtained under the experimental condition of 30% H2SO4, 80℃, reaction time 4 h, mass ratio of liquid to solid 8, stirring rate 800r/min.

Fundamental Research on Comprehensive Exploitation and Utilization of Paragenetic Fluorite in Bayan Obo deposit of Inner Mongolia,China

Bayan Obo deposit in Inner Mongolia,China is not only the largest Iron-LREE-niobium deposit known in the world but also a giant fluorite deposit.Banded and streaky fluorite-rich REE-iron ores,bastnasiteapatite -pyroxene-fluorite ores,high-Fe,REEs,and fluorite ores,monazite(bastnaesite)-fluorite(low-Fe, high REE) ores etc.are widely disseminated in the Main and the East ore bodies.In 1985,proven

The Comprehensive Utilization and Purified Research on Kaolin Ores in Huichang

Kaolin ores in Huichang contains these minerals of quartz sand, kaolin, mica and feldspars. In order to recover these valuable resources, some experiments of screening, classification, magnetic separation, grinding and flotation are carried out on the basis of the kaolin ore properties. The test results indicate that quartz sand concentrate can be directly obtained when vibrating screen size used is 10 meshes. Materials that are smaller than the screen hole are injected to hydraulic cyclones which controlling classification size is 325 meshes; kaolin concentrate containing above 33.70% Al2O3 and 0.37% Fe2O3 can be well beneficiated from the overflow through magnetic separation with one stage rougher and cleaner to remove iron. On the other hand, the hydrocyclone spigot flow to grinding and flotation with one stage rougher and two scavengers, mica and feldspars concentrate can be beneficiated in sequence. Therefore, these valuable minerals of kaolin ores can be realized comprehensive utilization.

Preliminary Discussion on Comprehensive Utilization of Tailings

Tailings produced in a concentration plant are the discharge of solid wastes after grinding ore into size and selecting useful components in the specific economic and technological condition. According to statistics, for the mining of metal ore, non-metallic ore, coal, clay, etc, the production of tailings of the world is up to 100 million tons per year. The number of existing tailing piles is 12718 in China, of which the construction ones are 1526, accounting for 12% of the total, and the closed tailing piles are 1024, accounting for 8%. As of 2007, the national total tailings accumulation is 8.046 billion tons. The non-ferrous metal mining is one of the largest discharge of solid wastes industries because of its low comprehensive recovery rate. For example, the beneficiation and recovery rate of non-ferrous metal mine is from 50% to 60% in China, which is lower 10% to 15% than developed countries, and the associated non-ferrous metal recovery rate is 40%, which is lower 20% than developed countries. On the utilization of duns, Poland is 90% to 100%, United States, Australia, France, Canada, Belgium and other countries followed, while China is only about 20%. The utilization of fly ash is to 100% in Japan and Denmark, France is 65%, UK is 55%, and China is just 45%. Quantities of waste rock, waste slag, and waste water have occupied land, destructed vegetation, deteriorated the soil and water quality, and caused land subsidence, landslides, mud-flow and other geological disasters. Therefore, the comprehensive utilization of resources is the right choice of mining sustainable development, environment protection, resource conservation, economic and social development.

ON THE COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION OF THE AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES IN YANCHI COUNTY——A TYPICAL TRANSITIONAL BELT BETWEN AGRICULTURE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

1. The natural economic conditions of yanchi county Yanchi County (in Ningxia Province, China) lies between the Muwus Desert and theLoess Plateau, its geographical location is a typical transition belt. The view from south tonorth: the general configuration of the earth’s surface is from the Loess Plateau to Ordos ta-bleland; the climate is from semi arid to arid. The transition of its geogrophical location pro-vides the area such features which are various,complex and fragile in natural conditions.

Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Saline Lake Groups in Dingbian,Shanxi Province of China

The Dingbian Saline Lake groups are in Dingbian County,northwest of Shaanxi province,and located on the border area of the Loess Plateau and Maowusu Desert in Northern Shanxi.It’s altitude is more than 1300m.The

A New Process Study on Comprehensive Utilization of NO_x from Nitric Acid Plant

Based on studies of controlling NOx from nitric acid exhaust gas domestic and abroad, this paper has developed a new technique on removal of NOx and production of aby-product with high added value-MnO2. Experimentshows, pyrolusite, whose valid composition is MnO2 , of absorbing NOx has the following characteristics: quick, low cost, no secondary pollutant. Moreover, exhaust gas can attain the required standards. If the temperature of the pyrolusite serum is 30℃ , pH = 4, containing 90 g/L MnO2, the absorptivity for 3 000 mg/m3 NOx is 89. 2%. Furthermore, few of the impurities in pyrolusite dissolve in the absorption mother solution. The purification cost of product is very low. The purity of end product MnO2 is more than 99. 995% after purifying. Therefore, it is workable for the new technique on economy and technology. There are also obvious environmental benefits and marked economic returns.

Comprehensive utilization of metal materials for steelmaking at Baosteel

Optimization of scrap utilization, through maintaining a reasonable heavy scrap ratio, determination of scrap yield, development of substitutes for scrap, recycling of high-alloy scrap and optimization of scrap utilization technology, was investigated in this paper, in terms of the supply of metal materials, production cost, production quality and environment protection. Then, recycling of solid waste resources was discussed, and the utilization conditions and methods of slag-steel, slag-iron, steel-slag, etc. were determined. Finally, the management system for comprehensive resource utilization was introduced.

Analysis of Comprehensive Utilization of Coconut Waste

This paper describes and analyzes the coconut cultivation in China,and the current comprehensive utilization of waste resources generated during cultivation and processing of coconut.The wastes generated in the process of cultivation include old coconut tree trunk,roots,withered coconut leaves,coconut flower and fallen cracking coconut,mainly used for biogas extraction,direct combustion and power generation,brewing,pharmacy,and processing of building materials;the wastes generated during processing include coconut water,coconut coat,coconut shell and coconut meal,mainly used for processing beverages,pharmaceutical products,activated carbon,medium and feed.This paper analyzes and explores some problems in the process of comprehensive utilization of coconut waste in China,such as insufficient understanding,inadequate development and lack of research efforts,and finally puts forth the corresponding development countermeasures.

Status and development of the comprehensive utilization of the steel slag at Baosteel

The steel slag at Baosteel mainly comes from basic oxygen furnaces （BOF）, electric arc furnaces （EAF）, continuous casting and hot metal pretreatment. The output of the steel slag at Baosteel was 4.43 Mt in 2010. The steel slag was utilized both within the company and across the society, and the utilization rate within the company achieved was 16%. This study describes the current status and existing problems in those technologies of treating and using steel slag ,in the aspects of primary treatment, secondary treatment and advanced treatment, and it points out the development＇ s direction.