基于MCS-SBL算法的配电网故障定位方法

配电网拓扑结构复杂,传统方法往往需要大量测点信息且难以实现快速有效的故障定位,本文提出基于少量测点信息的故障定位方法。首先,利用等效原理建立一个欠定的故障节点电压方程;其次,利用多重测量向量模型的贝叶斯压缩感知算法求解方程,根据重构稀疏电流矩阵的非零元素位置求解故障区域,实现故障定位;最后,在IEEE33节点配电系统上进行仿真实验,结果表明,所提方法仅需要少量测点的故障前后正序电压分量便可有效定位故障,计算速度较快,并且基本不受故障类型、过渡电阻的影响,同时适用于单故障和多重故障的场景,具有较强的抗噪能力。

基于AAPC、CS与卡尔曼滤波的WiFi室内定位跟踪算法

针对基于位置指纹的WiFi室内定位技术的定位精度尚未达到实际应用要求的问题,提出一种融合自适应仿射传播(AAPC)、压缩感知(CS)与卡尔曼滤波的WiFi室内定位跟踪算法。其中,离线阶段使用AAPC算法生成具有最优聚类效应性能的聚类指纹,在线阶段采用CS与最近邻算法进行位置估计。最后,通过将卡尔曼滤波与物理限制相集成来进行定位跟踪。通过采集大量真实实验数据,证明了所开发的算法具有更高的定位精度和更准确的轨迹跟踪效果。

基于IOC-CSMP的OFDM系统稀疏信道快速重构算法

针对信道路径数量未知时正交频分复用(OFDM)系统信道估计问题,提出了一种基于内积运算优化与稀疏度更新约束的压缩采样匹配追踪快速重构算法。通过构建与更新选择向量,利用与选择向量中非零值索引对应的原子向量参与内积运算来降低运算量;基于压缩采样与回溯策略来优化原子,利用匹配追踪完成信道估计,通过相邻两次信道估计值的能量差来更新稀疏度并约束算法停止,保证算法快速收敛。仿真结果表明,所提算法具有比最小二乘、最小均方差、稀疏度自适应匹配追踪和自适应正则化压缩采样匹配追踪算法更好的信道估计性能,且比2种自适应方法消耗更少的信道估计时间。

A Novel UWB Signal Sampling Method for Localization based on Compressive Sensing

Ultra-wide-band (UWB) signals are suitable for localization, since their high time resolution can provide precise time of arrival (TOA) estimation. However, one major challenge in UWB signal processing is the requirement of high sampling rate which leads to complicated signal processing and expensive hardware. In this paper, we present a novel UWB signal sampling method called UWB signal sampling via temporal sparsity (USSTS). Its sampling rate is much lower than Nyquist rate. Moreover, it is implemented in one step and no extra processing unit is needed. Simulation results show that USSTS can not recover the signal precisely, but for the use in localization, the accuracy of TOA estimation is the same as that in traditional methods. Therefore, USSTS gives a novel and effective solution for the use of UWB signals in localization.

变化信道稀疏度的CSI反馈方法

在大规模多输入多输出(multiple input multiple output,MIMO)系统中,压缩感知(compressed sensing,CS)技术常用于具有稀疏特性的信道状态信息(channel state information,CSI)反馈。针对CS重构时信道稀疏度通常未知的问题,基于深度展开技术提出了一种变化信道稀疏度的CSI反馈方法(a CSI-feedback method for varying channel sparsity,AVCS)。AVCS将信道稀疏度作为训练参数,学习得到通用的网络架构。随着天线数量增大导致信道(矩阵)维度激增,学习网络所得的相互抑制矩阵会呈现二次增长问题,AVCS利用相互抑制矩阵托普利兹(Toeplitz)特性设计了降维卷积网络,解决CSI反馈时的计算复杂度问题。仿真结果表明,所提方法提高了在大规模MIMO系统下CSI重构的适用性,减少了反馈开销且对信道稀疏度具有鲁棒性。

Modified MUSIC estimation for correlated signals with compressive sampling arrays

This paper addresses the issue of the direction of arrival （DOA） estimation under the compressive sampling （CS） framework. A novel approach, modified multiple signal classification （MMUSIC） based on the CS array （CSA-MMUSIC）, is proposed to resolve the DOA estimation of correlated signals and two closely adjacent signals. By using two random CS matrices, a large size array is compressed into a small size array, which effectively reduces the number of the front end circuit. The theoretical analysis demonstrates that the proposed approach has the advantages of low computational complexity and hardware structure compared to other MMUSIC approaches. Simulation results show that CSAMMUSIC can possess similar angular resolution as MMUSIC.

Moving object detection in framework of compressive sampling

Compressive sensing is a revolutionary idea proposed recently to achieve much lower sampling rate for signals.In the image application with limited resources the camera data can be stored and processed in compressed form.An algorithm for moving object and region detection in video using a compressive sampling is developed.The algorithm estimates motion information of the moving object and regions in the video from the compressive measurements of the current image and background scene.The algorithm does not perform inverse compressive operation to obtain the actual pixels of the current image nor the estimated background.This leads to a computationally efficient method and a system compared with the existing motion estimation methods.The experimental results show that the sampling rate can reduce to 25% without sacrificing performance.

A METHOD OF IMAGE QUALITY ASSESSMENT FOR COMPRESSIVE SAMPLING VIDEO TRANSMISSION

Based on compressive sampling transmission model, we demonstrate here a method of quality evaluation for the reconstruction images, which is promising for the transmission of unstructured signal with reduced dimension. By this method, the auxiliary information of the recovery image quality is obtained as a feedback to control number of measurements from compressive sampling video stream. Therefore, the number of measurements can be easily derived at the condition of the absence of information sparsity, and the recovery image quality is effectively improved. Theoretical and experimental results show that this algorithm can estimate the quality of images effectively and is in well consistency with the traditional objective evaluation algorithm.

Cramer-Rao bounds for the joint delay-Doppler estimation of compressive sampling pulse-Doppler radar

Time-delay and Doppler shift estimation is a basic task for pulse-Doppler radar processing. For low-rate sampling of echo signals, several kinds of compressive sampling(CS) pulse-Doppler(CSPD) radar are developed with different analog-to-information conversion(AIC) systems. However, a unified metric is absent to evaluate their parameter estimation performance. Towards this end, this paper derives the deterministic Cramer-Rao bound(CRB)for the joint delay-Doppler estimation of CSPD radar to quantitatively analyze the estimate performance. Theoretical results reveal that the CRBs of both time-delays and Doppler shifts are inversely proportional to the received target signal-to-noise ratio(SNR), the number of transmitted pulses and the sampling rate of AIC systems. The main difference is that the CRB of Doppler shifts also lies on the coherent processing interval. Numerical experiments validate these theoretical results. They also show that the structure of the AIC systems has weak influence on the CRBs, which implies that the AIC structures can be flexibly selected for the implementation of CSPD radar.

Compressive sampling and reconstruction in shift-invariant spaces associated with the fractional Gabor transform

In this paper,we propose a compressive sampling and reconstruction system based on the shift-invariant space associated with the fractional Gabor transform.With this system,we aim to achieve the subNyquist sampling and accurate reconstruction for chirp-like signals containing time-varying characteristics.Under the proposed scheme,we introduce the fractional Gabor transform to make a stable expansion for signals in the joint time-fractional-frequency domain.Then the compressive sampling and reconstruction system is constructed under the compressive sensing and shift-invariant space theory.We establish the reconstruction model and propose a block multiple response extension of sparse Bayesian learning algorithm to improve the reconstruction effect.The reconstruction error for the proposed system is analyzed.We show that,with considerations of noises and mismatches,the total error is bounded.The effectiveness of the proposed system is verified by numerical experiments.It is shown that our proposed system outperforms the other systems state-of-the-art.

基于CS-MVDR的多目标方位估计新方法

针对空时欠采样条件下多目标方位估计存在的问题,将压缩感知理论引入到最小方差无畸变响应(MVDR)方法中进行多目标方位估计,通过空间角度网格划分形式实现信号在空时域的稀疏性表示,利用空间谱估计恢复重构空间稀疏向量,从而实现空间上多信号入射角的方位估计。该方法不仅运算量低,在低信噪比、低阵元采样数、高估计精度和稳健性等方面的优势更为突出。

Dynamic Global-Principal Component Analysis Sparse Representation for Distributed Compressive Video Sampling

Video reconstruction quality largely depends on the ability of employed sparse domain to adequately represent the underlying video in Distributed Compressed Video Sensing (DCVS). In this paper, we propose a novel dynamic global-Principal Component Analysis (PCA) sparse representation algorithm for video based on the sparse-land model and nonlocal similarity. First, grouping by matching is realized at the decoder from key frames that are previously recovered. Second, we apply PCA to each group (sub-dataset) to compute the principle components from which the sub-dictionary is constructed. Finally, the non-key frames are reconstructed from random measurement data using a Compressed Sensing (CS) reconstruction algorithm with sparse regularization. Experimental results show that our algorithm has a better performance compared with the DCT and K-SVD dictionaries.

Compressive near-field millimeter wave imaging algorithm based on Gini index and total variation mixed regularization

A compressive near-field millimeter wave(MMW)imaging algorithm is proposed.From the compressed sensing(CS)theory,the compressive near-field MMW imaging process can be considered to reconstruct an image from the under-sampled sparse data.The Gini index(GI)has been founded that it is the only sparsity measure that has all sparsity attributes that are called Robin Hood,Scaling,Rising Tide,Cloning,Bill Gates,and Babies.By combining the total variation(TV)operator,the GI-TV mixed regularization introduced compressive near-field MMW imaging model is proposed.In addition,the corresponding algorithm based on a primal-dual framework is also proposed.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed GI-TV mixed regularization algorithm has superior convergence and stability performance compared with the widely used l1-TV mixed regularization algorithm.

尺寸效应对岩石单轴压缩试验影响研究

为探究尺寸效应对小尺寸岩样单轴压缩试验的影响规律,通过在室内伺服试验机上对直径25 mm,不同长度的花岗岩岩样进行单轴压缩试验,研究尺寸效应对小尺寸花岗岩岩石力学参数以及破坏形式的影响规律。试验结果表明,随着长径比增加,岩样表现出抗压强度和泊松比逐渐减小,弹性模量增加的趋势。其中,多项式模型较为适合小尺寸岩样尺寸效应强度模型;不同长径比岩样的单轴压缩试验应力应变曲线加载趋势不同,其峰值应变随着长径比的增加而减小;随着长径比的增加,岩石破坏形式从脆性剪切破坏转变为剪切破坏,最后逐步变为脆性破坏,岩样破坏面数量与角度出现规律性变化。当长径比在1.1~2.2时,岩样破坏形式遵循相同的破坏准则,通过拟合公式推导不同长径比岩样的力学参数存在可行性;岩石单轴试验破坏过程中的能量与长径比呈负相关,且当长径比在1.9~2.2时,各能量变化幅度趋于平缓,岩样破坏形式较为统一,其强度在数值上表现的差异性较小,可作为小尺寸岩样单轴试验的最佳长径比。

自适应压缩频谱感知的采样率动态调整策略

受奈奎斯特-香农采样定理的限制,宽带频谱感知(wideband spectrum sensing,WBSS)的首要难点是采集宽带信号。根据变步长自适应滤波算法原理,基于自适应压缩频谱感知(adaptive compressed spectrum sensing,ACSS)提出了一种动态调整采样率的压缩频谱感知方法(dynamically adjust sampling rate ACSS,DASR-ACSS)。采用调制宽带转换器结构,针对传统ACSS固定步长的问题设计了步长动态调整策略。针对原始信号难以获取的问题,通过对信道占用状态相关性和检测率的变化趋势进行数据统计分析,设计了利用信道占用状态相关性的停止准则;通过对停止准则的实验数据分析,以sigmoid函数为基础设计了分段函数作为步长调整策略,利用步长补偿因子充分提升性能。仿真结果表明,与传统ACSS相比,DASR-ACSS能更快达到高检测率,能够平衡算法的实时性能和采样率压缩比性能,当信噪比在-30~30 dB时,DASR-ACSS表现出更好的检测性能。

多媒体数据自适应多尺度分块压缩仿真研究

在多媒体图像数据压缩过程中,为了减小数据体积,通常需要牺牲图像的一些细节和精度,这会导致部分信息的丢失。为了提高压缩效果,以多媒体图像为例,提出一种面向多媒体数据的分块无损压缩算法。通过四叉树算法对多媒体图像展开分块处理,通过结合边缘特征和方向特征的多尺度小波变换算法获取多媒体图像每层子带图像块的自适应采样率,基于纹理块和平坦块的自适应多尺度分块压缩感知方法完成多媒体图像数据的分块无损压缩。实验结果表明,所提算法的压缩效果更好,不仅能够实现数据有效压缩,而且不会损失图像信息,且压缩时间较短,整体应用效果更好。

基于压缩感知的兰姆波下采样和损伤定位

一种基于压缩感知和兰姆波的损伤检测方法利用兰姆波下采样信号构造测量矩阵,需要恰当的采样率才能使测量矩阵行数小于列数,从而满足压缩感知的适用条件。但是,过低的采样率会导致采集到的接收信号与真实信号严重失真。针对这一问题,提出基于插值的计算下采样信号与真实信号相关系数的方法,判断下采样信号与真实信号的失真程度。并结合压缩比,选择合适的采样间隔,确定测量矩阵。通过对测量矩阵做行正交规范化处理,优化测量矩阵,大大提高重构效果和损伤定位精度及能力。优化后,重构概率为1的稀疏度由1增长到12左右。

基于机器学习的水泥基灌浆料强度预测方法

针对采用小直径芯样法准确预测水泥基灌浆料抗压强度的问题,使用压力试验机分别对水泥基灌浆料标准尺寸试块和小直径芯样进行抗压强度试验,并基于试验数据,采用支持向量机回归(SVR)和随机森林回归(RFR)对水泥基灌浆料抗压强度进行回归预测。结果表明:标准尺寸试块均呈正反相接的四角锥体破坏形态,而高径比为0.7和1.0的小直径芯样呈正反相接的圆锥体破坏形态,高径比为1.2的小直径芯样呈斜裂缝剪切破坏形态;标准尺寸试块和小直径芯样的抗压强度值均服从正态分布,且无离群值;随着龄期的增长,标准尺寸试块和小直径芯样的抗压强度提高,且具有早期强度较高的特性;直径46 mm芯样的抗压强度较小,且更易受加工精度的影响;在给定的龄期和直径下,高径比为0.7的芯样抗压强度值最大,抗压强度离散程度最小;RFR预测模型对水泥基灌浆料抗压强度的预测效果更优。所提方法可较准确预测水泥基灌浆料抗压强度,为水泥基灌浆料抗压强度的预测研究提供了参考。

用^(137)Cs法研究农耕地坡面土壤侵蚀空间分布特征初报

运用(137)~Cs示踪法和网格点采样法对陕北典型的农耕地坡面的土壤侵蚀空间分布特征进行了研究，发现在坡脊和坡沟，随坡长的增长，137Cs含量分布呈增加、减少、再增加的波动趋势．而侧坡则呈相反的波动趋势；并利用新的公式计算了农耕地的侵蚀模数[11570t／（km2·a）]。

基于CS-MUSIC算法的DOA估计

多重信号分类(multiple signal classification,MUSIC)方法在少快拍数或者存在相干信源的情况下不能准确估计信号的波达方向,而压缩感知(compressive sensing,CS)方法在多快拍数或低信噪比情况下分辨性能不稳定,估计准确率受限。提出了一种基于CS的MUSIC方法,简称CS-MUSIC,该方法针对不同的快拍数,建立二者之间的联系,构造出新的正交空间,获得尖锐的谱峰。理论分析和仿真结果表明,所提方法在不同快拍数条件下,具有较高的估计精度,克服了传统方法存在的缺陷,并且对噪声具有鲁棒性。