Recent research progress from biological perspective on the mechanism of formation of osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament injury

The anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)mainly plays a role in stabilizing the knee joint by limiting the forward translation of tibial force and rotational force at the tibial joint,and if this ligament is damaged,it will cause joint pain,limited mobility,knee instability,etc.According to related studies,the incidence of traumatic osteoarthritis(PTOA)after ACL injury is as high as 87%,although many studies have shown that patients with ACL injury are susceptible to PTOA,but the exact mechanism is currently unknown.This may be related to biological,structural,and mechanical factors caused by the ligament injury.Previous studies have shown that elevated inflammatory mediators in the joint cavity following ACL injury can lead to chondrocytes necrosis and degradation of the cartilage matrix.These potential biochemical mediators contribute to PTOA formation,and early intervention can reduce future episodes of PTOA.In recent years,many scholars have devoted themselves to studying the potential important factors and signaling pathways involved in the formation of osteoarthritis after ACL injury,and exploring its molecular mechanism,which has led to great progress in this field.This paper mainly studies and discusses the mechanism of osteoarthritis formation after ACL injury from the biological perspective.

新加坡生物学主流教材习题的特征探析及启示--以《Biology Matters》为例

以新加坡Biology Matters生物学教材习题为研究对象,分析得出其具有“绘图作答,提高学生形象思维能力”,“情境多样,注重学生对现象的解释”,“联系生活,强调知识解决实际问题”,“探讨伦理,引导学生承担社会责任”“分层设问,培养学生思维的逻辑性”等特征,希望对我国生物学测评试题的命制具有一定的启示意义。

Current dichotomy between traditional molecular biological and omic research in cancer biology and pharmacology

There is currently a split within the cancer research community between traditional molecular biological hypothesis-driven and the more recent "omic" forms or research. While the molecular biological approach employs the tried and true single alteration-single response formulations of experimentation,the omic employs broad-based assay or sample collection approaches that generate large volumes of data. How to integrate the benefits of these two approaches in an efficient and productive fashion remains an outstanding issue. Ideally,one would merge the understandability,exactness,simplicity,and testability of the molecular biological approach,with the larger amounts of data,simultaneous consideration of multiple alterations,consideration of genes both of known interest along with the novel,cross-sample comparisons among cell lines and patient samples,and consideration of directed questions while simultaneously gaining exposure to the novel provided by the omic approach. While at the current time integration of the two disciplines remains problematic,attempts to do so are ongoing,and will be necessary for the understanding of the large cell line screens including the Developmental Therapeutics Program's NCI-60,the Broad Institute's Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia,and the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute's Cancer Genome Project,as well as the the Cancer Genome Atlas clinical samples project. Going forward there is significant benefit to be had from the integration of the molecular biological and the omic forms or research,with the desired goal being improved translational understanding and application.

Current advances of biocontainment strategy in synthetic biology

Synthetic biotechnology has led to the widespread application of genetically modified organisms(GMOs)in biochemistry, bioenergy, and therapy. However, the uncontrolled spread of GMOs may lead to genetic contamination by horizontal gene transfer, resulting in unpredictable biosafety risks. To deal with these challenges, many effective methods have been developed for biocontainment. In this article, we summarize and discuss recent advances in biocontainment strategies from three aspects: DNA replication, transcriptional regulation, and protein translation. We also briefly introduce the efforts in the biocontainment convention, such as the recent publication of the Tianjin Biosecurity Guidelines for the Code of Conduct for Scientists.

Network biology:A promising approach for drug target identification against neurodevelopmental disorders

Biological entities are involved in complicated and complex connections;hence,discovering biological information using network biology ideas is critical.In the past few years,network biology has emerged as an integrative and systems-level approach for understanding and interpreting these complex interactions.Biological network analysis is one method for reducing enormous data sets to clinically useful knowledge for disease diagnosis,prognosis,and treatment.The network of biological entities can help us predict drug targets for several diseases.The drug targets identified through the systems biology approach help in targeting the essential biological pathways that contribute to the progression and development of the disease.The novel strategical approach of system biologyassisted pharmacology coupled with computer-aided drug discovery(CADD)can help drugs fight multifactorial diseases efficiently.In the present review,we have summarized the role and application of network biology for not only unfolding the mechanism of complex neurodevelopmental disorders but also identifying important drug targets for diseases like ADHD,Autism,Epilepsy,and Intellectual Disability.Systems biology has emerged as a promising approach to identifying drug targets and aiming for targeted drug discovery for the precise treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders.

Pollination Biology of the Endangered Herbal Medicines Dendrobium chrysotoxum(Orchidaceae)

Pollination biology studies of the endangered herbal medicines Dendrobium chrysotoxum were conducted in natural pollination conditions using flower observation,pollinator observation and artificial pollination experiments.Populations of D.chrysotoxum with fragrance and nectar were pollinated by Ctenoplectra davidi Valhalla(Hymenoptera:Apidae)species.The floral structure of D.chrysotoxum adapted precisely to its pollinators.Flowers had a low capsule setting(0.17%)under natural conditions.However,compared to open pollination,artificial pollination experiments showed a significant increase in capsule setting,and D.chrysotoxum was cross-compatible and self-compatible,but there was pollinator limitation also.This study will provide important information for the preservation of this endangered species.

Advances in Basic Theory Research of Mongolian Medicine and Prospects of Its Combination with Systems Biology Research

This paper sorted out the relevant literature on the basic theory of Mongolian medicine,explored the research methods and ideas of the basic theory of Mongolian medicine,and elaborated the idea of combining systems biology to study part of the basic theory of Mongolian medicine.Through searching classic works and research papers in academic journals,this paper sorted out and summarized the research progress of the basic theory of Mongolian medicine and the existing problems in the current research,analyzed its characteristics,combined with systems biology methods to systematically explain some content in the basic theory,reveal its scientific connotation,and provide a basis for further research.

Application of Molecular Biology Technology in Identification of Modern Mongolian Medicine

The application of molecular biology technology in the identification and quality control of Mongolian medicine is increasing gradually,and it provides a new method for identifying fake and inferior products and confused products of Mongolian medicine.In this paper,the application and prospect of molecular biology technology(such as DNA barcoding and PCR molecular identification technique)in the identification of crude Mongolian medicine were reviewed.

Discussion on the Infiltration of Experiential Career Education Concept in Biology Teaching in Senior High Schools

Based on the implementation of the new college entrance examination reform policy and the demand of related policies,the choice of subjects for high school students has shifted from the traditional relatively single model of arts and sciences division to the"3+3"model,and the topic of"how to infiltrate the concept of career education in the teaching process of senior high schools"has become increasingly important.However,at present,the implementation of career education in senior high schools is frequently limited,mainly in the form of class meetings,which instills the concept of career education to students.Therefore,the implementation effect is often not satisfactory.Therefore,experiential learning,a novel and efficient learning method,has entered public's view.Based on relevant research literature at home and abroad,we started with the importance and urgency of implementing career education in high schools,and generally reviewed the research status and future development trends of experiential career education both domestically and internationally.The practical and theoretical significance of the research were explained,and relevant concepts were summarized.Finally,strategic suggestions were proposed for integrating experiential career education concepts into biology teaching in ordinary high schools in China.

Reform and Exploration of Integrating"Service Learning"into the Teaching of Pathogenic Biology of Aquatic Animals to Help Rural Revitalization

This paper intends to combine the development trend of the subject,restructure and optimize the course content,and construct the service learning model of Pathogenic Biology of Aquatic Animals for postgraduates.At the same time,through service practice,it is needed to further consolidate curriculum knowledge and skills,stimulate the learning initiative and enthusiasm of postgraduates,expand professional knowledge,improve professional quality,and lay a solid foundation for serving the national rural revitalization strategy in the future.

Computational biology in topical bioactive peptide discovery for cosmeceutical application:a concise review

Regenerative medicine and anti-aging research have made great strides at the molecular and cellular levels in dermatology and the medical aesthetic field,targeting potential treatments with skin therapeutic and intervention pathways,which make it possible to develop effective skin regeneration and repair ingredients.With the rapid development of computational biology,bioinformatics as well as artificial intelligence(A.I.),the development of new ingredients for regenerative medicine has been greatly accelerated,and the success rate has been improved.Some application cases have appeared in topical skin regeneration and repair scenarios.This review will briefly introduce the application of bioactive peptides in skin repair and anti-aging as emerging ingredients in cosmeceutics and emphasize how A.I.based computational biology technology may accelerate the development of innovative peptide molecules and ultimately translate them into potential skin regenerative and anti-aging scenarios.Typically,two research routines have been summarized and current limitations as well as directions were discussed for border applications in future research.

基于产业视角的合成生物学发展态势研究

近年来,受技术突破、政策支持、产业和资本跟进等因素驱动,合成生物学迅速从实验室走向市场,迎来产业化发展的关键时期。本文梳理了2020年以来国内外相关战略规划、政策法规、市场动态、商业合作和金融投资等信息,从产业视角对合成生物学发展态势进行分析。政府方面,合成生物学成为各国生物经济战略中的关键引擎,应用于医药、化工、材料、农业、食品等关联行业的技术路线和规划目标进一步清晰,支持新技术新产品商业化的监管机制不断优化,技术管控和科技安全问题受到关注。市场方面,基于合成生物学的实用成果相继迎来商业化“里程碑”,合成生物企业与传统制造企业“双向奔赴”、协同合作日益紧密,市场投资保持信心并趋于商业理性,有利产业发展的健康生态正加快完善。为加快推动我国合成生物学产业发展,建议进一步研究制定关键领域技术路线,支持底层使能技术、产业核心关键技术与核心装备攻关,推动重点行业应用示范,增强先进生物制造设施、数据资源等能力建设,鼓励各方共建有利合成生物产业化发展的产业生态。

一流专业建设背景下生物类本科实验教学的创新改革与探索--以湖南农业大学为例

依据国家“一流专业”的建设要求和创新创业型卓越农业人才的培养目标,从实验课程体系建设、实验教学平台建设、实验教学队伍建设、管理模式四个方面实施改革创新,为生物科学技术学院建设国家级及省级一流专业的实验教学提供有力支撑。

合成生物学赋能生物经济高质量发展的对策研究——以浙江为例

合成生物学作为融合生物学、工程学、化学和信息技术等学科的新兴领域,是21世纪生物学领域催动颠覆性创新的前沿代表,也是带动未来生物经济发展的关键力量。本文分析探讨国内外合成生物学发展态势,研究发现目前美国处于国际领先地位,国内仍处于早期发展阶段,但在专利申请等基础研究方面已有突出优势,初步形成以深圳、天津、上海为代表的合成生物学发展模式。结合浙江省合成生物学在技术储备、创新平台、标志性成果等方面的发展基础,基于比较分析视角研判其在战略谋划、创新资源、创新主体和科技伦理等方面存在的问题,针对性地提出加快合成生物学技术创新、产业发展,推动生物经济高质量发展的对策建议。

“生物学试验设计与统计”的教学改革经验

“生物学试验设计与统计”与大学生科研论文撰写关系密切。为减轻学生负担,该门课程课时数分配过少,学生难以形成完备的知识体系。教学改革应由教育管理部门、任课教师和学生共同参与,解决课程重要性与难度较大之间的矛盾。教学内容方面,应当进一步扩充相关教学内容,以原始科研数据作为示范数据及案例,原理与软件操作并重,使学生建立系统全面的知识体系。以生动有趣的多媒体课件精心制作和安排教学实验,创造有笑声的课堂,在愉快的学习氛围中引领学生进步。

探索细菌杂交实验在高中生物学教学中的应用

利用细菌杂交技术,设计并实施筛选耐药性细菌实验,这种简便易行的高中遗传学实验,可以帮助学生深入了解遗传学的相关知识,认识到细菌耐药性的危害,增强社会责任感,提高生物学学科核心素养。

国际生物学奥林匹克竞赛遗传学试题案例分析与能力培养

以第31届国际生物学奥林匹克竞赛理论试卷Ⅰ的Q13遗传学试题为例,分析了奥赛试题对学生获取信息能力、统计分析能力、知识迁移能力和科学思维等方面的考查要求;分析该试题的知识背景和孟买型血型形成机理;解析试题的基础上对培养学生核心素养和关键能力提出建议。

人工智能工具促进分子生物学与中药专业有效融合的探索

分子生物学已成为中医药研究的重要方法,它与中药研究的有机结合是推动中药事业创新发展的关键。如何帮助学生更好地掌握分子生物学知识和技能,并与中药学科进行更有效的融合,文章提出可借助人工智能工具,辅助中药专业学生深入学习分子生物学知识。

实时定量PCR应用于研讨式分组实验教学实践

实时定量PCR作为一项生命科学及其相关领域的重要技术,已成为高校生物实验教学中不可或缺的知识内容。以分子生物学实验基础教学内容为依托,围绕实时定量PCR技术面向本科生开设了综合性实验。在充分考虑学生的理论和操作水平以及本科实验教学特点的基础上,对实验设计和实验方法进行了优化,并采取研讨式分组教学模式,提高教学效率与教学质量的同时,更突出了学生在实验教学中的主体地位,有助于培养学生的科学思维、科学素养以及综合实践能力。

基于动物学课程提升师范生职业能力的教学改革探讨

高等院校的师范生是我国未来基础教育教师队伍的主力军和核心力量,其职业能力直接影响我国基础教育教学质量和教师专业水平。动物学课程是一门理论和实践高度结合的课程,且与中学生物学课程内容紧密联系,在培养低年级师范生的职业能力方面具有重要作用。通过对南阳师范学院动物学课程的教学内容、教学模式、教学方法和考核评价等方面进行教学改革探索,以期在专业核心课程教学过程中提升低年级师范生的职业素养,更好地满足教育高质量发展对教师队伍的需求。