Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Multi-Bladed Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Rotor

The principal objective of this work was to investigate the 3D flow field around a multi-bladed horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) rotor and to investigate its performance characteristics. The aerodynamic performance of this novel rotor design was evaluated by means of a Computational Fluid Dynamics commercial package. The Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations were selected to model the physics of the incompressible Newtonian fluid around the blades. The Shear Stress Transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model was chosen for the assessment of the 3D flow behavior as it had widely used in other HAWT studies. The pressure-based simulation was done on a model representing one-ninth of the rotor using a 40-degree periodicity in a single moving reference frame system. Analyzing the wake flow behavior over a wide range of wind speeds provided a clear vision of this novel rotor configuration. From the analysis, it was determined that the flow becomes accelerated in outer wake region downstream of the rotor and by placing a multi-bladed rotor with a larger diameter behind the forward rotor resulted in an acceleration of this wake flow which resulted in an increase the overall power output of the wind machine.

Intelligent Control of Cabin Environment Using Computational Fluid Dynamics for Intelligent Manufacturing

An efficient and versatile intelligent algorithm is developed for the control of the cabin environment of wind power generators.The method can be used to monitor and solve wind power generation problems at the same time.It also provides several advantages with respect to other traditional methods which imply significant workload and maintenance personnel.The functional requirements of the intelligent control system are analyzed,and a control algorithm for the stepping motor is selected and evaluated.Through the comparative analysis of the active power and internal temperature curve for three kinds of output power of the prototype,it is proved that the environmental intelligent control system greatly improves the operation efficiency,solves typical problems in the ventilator room environment,and provides a solid theoretical basis for further research in this field.

Effect and sensitivity analysis of the rotational speed on the fluid-induced force characteristics of the straight-through labyrinth gas seal

The effects of the rotational speed on the fluid-induced force characteristics of a straight-through labyrinth gas seal( STLGS) are numerically investigated using the steady computational fluid dynamics( CFD) method based on a three-dimensional model of the STLGS. The fluid-induced force characteristics of the STLGS for five rotational speeds at a pressure drop of △P = 5000 Pa with and without eccentricity are computed. The grid density analysis ensures the accuracy of the present steady-CFD method. The effect and sensitivity analysis show that the changes in rotational speed affect the pressure forces,viscous forces and total pressure distributions on the rotor surface,velocity streamlines,leakage flow rates,and maximum flow velocities. The results indicate that the rotational speed inhibits the pressure forces,leakage flow rates and maximum flow velocities and promotes the viscous forces and total pressure on the rotor surface.

Analysis of Static Pressure in Area between Back Plate and Cylinder of a Carding Machine with CFD

To analyze static pressure between back plate and cylinder in an A186 carding machine,a fluid model is established. The model takes into account static pressure of airflow near back plate with the numerical simulation method of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in FLUENT software. The result of the simulation in the model shows that static pressure in this area quickly increases to its maximum then rapidly decreases to a lower fixed value from inlet to outlet along a zone between back plate and cylinder. Both rotating speeds of the cylinder and the taker-in affect static pressure from the inlet to the outlet,of which the cylinder rotating speed has more influence than that of taker-in. Numerical simulations reveal that static pressure on surface of back plate are in good agreement with the former result of experimental analysis.

Computational Fluid Dynamics Benchmark of an Impulse Turbine with Fixed Guide Vanes

This paper presents the comparison of a three dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis with empirical performance data of a 0.6 m impulse turbine with fixed guide vanes used for wave energy power conversion. Pro-Engineer, Gambit and Fluent 6 were used to create a 3-D model of the turbine. A hybrid meshing scheme was used with hexahedral cells in the near blade region and tetrahedral and pyramid cells in the rest of the domain. The turbine has a hub-to-tip ratio of 0.6 and results were obtained over a wide range of flow coefficients. The model yielded a maximum efficiency of approximately 54% as compared to a maximum efficiency of around 49% from experiment. A degree of insight into flow behaviour, not possible with experiment, was obtained.

Influence of the Ambient Temperature on the Efficiency of Gas Turbines

In hot and arid regions like the Saharan area,effective methods for cooling and humidifying intake air are essential.This study explores the utilization of a water trickle cooler as a promising solution to meet this objective.In particular,the HASSI MESSAOUD area is considered as a testbed.The water trickle cooler is chosen for its adaptability to arid conditions.Modeling results demonstrate its effectiveness in conditioning air before it enters the compressor.The cooling system achieves a significant temperature reduction of 6 to 8 degrees Celsius,enhancing mass flow rate dynamics by 3 percent compared to standard cases without cooling.Moreover,the cooling system contributes to a remarkable 10 percent reduction in power consumption of gas turbines and a notable 10 percent increase in turbine efficiency.These findings highlight the potential of water trickle coolers in improving the performance and efficiency of gas turbine systems in hot and dry climates.

A brief review on wind turbine aerodynamics

This article briefly reviews wind turbine aerodynamics, which follows an explanation of the aerodynamic complexity. The aerodynamic models including blade momentum theory, vortex wake model, dynamic stall and rotational effect, and their applications in wind turbine aerodynamic performance prediction are discussed and documented. Recent progress in computational fluid dynamics for wind turbine is addressed. Wind turbine aerodynamic experimental studies are also selectively introduced.

Computational fluid dynamic simulation of gas-liquid flow in rotating packed bed:A review

The rotating packed bed(RPB)has been widely used in gas-liquid flow systems as a process intensification device,exhibiting excellent mass transfer enhancement characteristics.However,the complex internal structure and the high-speed rotation of the rotor in RPB bring significant challenges to study the intensification mechanism by experiment methods.In the past two decades,Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)has been gradually applied to simulate the hydrodynamics and mass transfer characteristics in RPB and instruct the reactor design.This article covers the development of the CFD simulation of gasliquid flow in RPB.Firstly,the improvement of the simulation method in the aspect of mathematical models,geometric models,and solving methods is introduced.Secondly,new progress of CFD simulation about hydrodynamic and mass transfer characteristics in RPB is reviewed,including pressure drop,velocity distribution,flow pattern,and concentration distribution,etc.Some new phenomena such as the end effect area with the maximum turbulent have been revealed by this works.In addition,the exploration of developing new reactor structures by CFD simulation is introduced and it is proved that such new structures are competitive to different applications.The defects of current research and future development directions are also discussed at last.

Numerical study on morphological characteristics of rotational natural supercavitation by rotational supercavitating evaporator with optimized blade shape

In view of the supercavitation effect, a novel device named the rotational supercavitating evaporator (RSCE) has been designed for the desalination. In order to improve the blade shape of the rotational cavitator in the RSCE for the performance optimization, the blade shapes of different sizes are designed by utilizing the improved calculation method for the blade shape and the validated empirical formulae based on previous two-dimensional numerical simulations, from which the optimized blade shape with the wedge angle of 45° and the design speed of 5 000 r/min is selected. The estimation method for the desalination performance parameters is developed to validate the feasibility of the utilization of the results obtained by the two-dimensional numerical simulations in the design of the three-dimensional blade shape. Three-dimensional numerical simulations are then conducted for the supercavitating flows around the rotational cavitator with the optimized blade shape at different rotational speeds to obtain the morphological characteristics of the rotational natural supercavitation. The results show that the profile of the supercavity tail is concaved toward the inside of the supercavity due to the re-entrant jet. The empirical formulae for estimating the supercavity size with consideration of the rotation are obtained by fitting the data, with the exponents different from those obtained by the previous two-dimensional numerical simulations. The influences of the rotation on the morphological characteristics are analyzed from the perspectives of the tip and hub vortices and the interaction between the supercavity tail and the blade. Further numerical simulation of the supercavitating flow around the rotational cavitator made up by the blades with exit edge of uniform thickness illustrate that the morphological characteristics are also affected by the blade shape.

真空预载型多孔质空气静压轴承的静动态特性分析

为进一步提高轴承刚度,将真空预加载技术与多孔质空气静压轴承相结合,使轴承在没有额外预加载导轨的情况下获得双向刚度。探讨工作条件和结构参数对真空预载型多孔质空气静压轴承性能的影响,基于计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)方法对其静动态特性进行了数值分析。深入研究了供气压力、真空度、渗透率、真空抽气口直径、扰动幅度和扰动频率等因素对轴承性能的影响。结果表明,相比于一般多孔质空气静压轴承,真空预载型多孔质空气静压轴承的刚度提高了22.34%;工作条件和结构参数对其静态和动态特性有显著影响。该研究结果对高刚度空气静压轴承的性能研究和优化设计具有一定的指导意义。

穿孔对穿孔型Kenics静态混合器混合性能的影响

为了提升传统Kenics静态混合器的混合效果,在传统螺旋插入带结构中引入穿孔结构,设计出穿孔型Kenics静态混合器。采用浓度变异系数评估穿孔内径(d)、穿孔间距(S)、混合单元长径比(Ar)对穿孔型静态混合器混合性能的影响。模拟结果表明,设置的穿孔结构会显著改变流体的流动状态,在穿孔处区域产生加速流动,进而提升混合器的混合性能;随着d的增加,流体之间的对流和交换作用逐渐增强,混合效果逐渐增强,但随着d的持续增加,导致混合器内部螺旋通道被破坏,混合效果反而减弱;仅改变S对混合效果没有明显影响;对于相同的混合器长度,Ar的减小导致混合元件数量增加,液体之间的扭转、剪切效果增强,混合器混合效果更好。

垂直轴风机功率增强的翼型与阵列优化

针对H型垂直轴风机(Vertical Axis Wind Turbine,VAWT),通过计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)模拟,将翼型设计与涡轮阵列相关联,对比分析多种翼型及不同阵列条件下VAWT的转矩系数C_(m)、功率系数C_(P)和平均功率参数Ω。结果表明:与对称翼型相比,非对称翼型在高叶尖速比下功率系数较小,弯度效应可显著增大翼型在下风区的功率系数;在风场阵列中,三涡轮阵列优化后下风区涡轮功率显著提升,单涡轮功率可提升40%,风场整体功率提升约20%;针对海上牧场结构平面提出五涡轮阵列,优化后风场整体效率提升65%,单涡轮性能提升可达100%。研究成果对于提高深远海网箱系统功能与设计具有推动意义。

大雷诺数下对称翼型的转捩判断与规律研究

围绕翼型的转捩问题,以NACA0012、NACA0015、NACA0018三种不同厚度的对称翼型为研究对象,基于TSST湍流模型的数值模拟方法,提出基于湍流强度的转捩判断方法并研究在5种大雷诺数条件下翼型表面流动的转捩规律,以期为风力机叶片设计提供新的参考思路。研究表明,基于湍流强度的转捩判断方法是有效、可行的,使用翼型表面湍流强度曲线的阶跃现象观测转捩,可有效避免转捩前流动扰动带来的影响。同时利用湍流强度的变化情况可为风力机叶片设计寻找最佳设计参数。研究发现,增大攻角和雷诺数使得翼型上翼面转捩位置前移、下翼面转捩位置后移。此外,随着攻角的减小、雷诺数的增大、翼型表面厚度的增加,在翼型转捩前的流动逐渐稳定。

水流与海浪对HATST功率性能的CFD模拟

为确保涡轮机的长期可靠性,在设计潮流涡轮机时应考虑海浪条件。使用直径为0.9 m的三叶片水平轴潮流涡轮机(Horizontal Axis Tidal Stream Turbine,HATST)作为基准模型,采用计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)开源软件OpenFOAM预测HATST在海浪和水流条件下的性能。对其进行网格依赖性测试以选择最佳网格数,捕捉流动特征。将生成的波浪轮廓与三阶Stokes波浪理论结果进行比较,发现模拟结果与理论结果一致。研究不同波频和波幅对HATST功率性能的影响,结果表明,波幅对功率性能的影响较为明显,波频的影响相对较小。

Effect of the Density of Molten Metal on the Raining Phenomenon in Horizontal Centrifugal Casting

In this work the influence of the density of the molten metal on the emergence of the raining phenomenon in the horizontal centrifugal casting process is numerically studied. Transient 2D numerical simulations were carried out using Computational Fluid Dynamics software. Three molten metals with different density, namely aluminum, iron and lead, and three angular frequencies, namely 50, 66 and 77 rad/s were considered. It is found that the density of the molten metal significantly affects the emergence, transient or permanent, of the rain phenomenon. However, the magnitude and duration of the rain phenomenon depend on the angular frequency of the rotating mold. Likewise, since gravitational forces affect the metal according to its density, the value of the critical rotation speed of the mold is also affected.

Energy Optimization of Savonius Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

This paper reports a wind-powered water pumping system implemented in rural side of Pakistan. The design methodology presented in this paper shah enhance the efficiency of the existing Savonius turbine＇s performance by modifying it aerodynamically. Blades with different twist angles are designed in Solid Edge and analyzed using computational fluid dynamics （CFD） with ANSYS FLUENT software. Static and rotational analyses are performed to get optimized twist angle and results are highlighted. The performances of the turbine in both static and rotational analyses are compared.

不同叶高水平的透平叶片气动特性分析

为了能够通过CFD手段优化透平叶片气动性能,本文使用雷诺平均方法针对工程上应用的66、44以及22 mm共3种典型叶高水平的透平模型进行了数值模拟,并将计算结果同实验测量结果进行了对比。同时,使用大涡模拟数值方法对22 mm叶高的模型进行非定常计算,得到了与实验结果吻合更好的等熵效率、质量流量等流场宏观参数,在三维流场上透平叶片的叶根与叶顶处的流动更为复杂。研究结果表明:雷诺平均方法可以对66和44 mm叶高的透平模型进行较准确的评估,对于22 mm叶高的透平,只有大涡模拟方法才能够清晰地捕捉到端壁区域紊乱的流动细节。叶片端部区域损失较大,雷诺平均方法处理得到的短叶片端壁区域丢失了流动的脉动细节,导致无法进行准确计算其端壁区域的流动。

鱼尾型搅拌桨设计及在羧甲基纤维素钠溶液中的应用

搅拌桨是生物反应器的核心部件,直接影响反应釜内流体的搅拌混合和气液分散性能.基于双色刺尻鱼(Centropyge Bicolor)尾鳍轮廓特征和仿生学原理,设计了一种鱼尾型搅拌桨—FT桨(Fishtail Turbine),应用于羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)溶液的搅拌混合操作.结合计算流体动力学(CFD)和粒子图像测速(PIV)技术,研究了FT桨在纯水、 CMC溶液中的搅拌混合和气液分散性能,并与传统RT桨(Rushton Turbine)进行了对比.结果表明:(1)对于单相流,与RT桨相比,FT桨能增大流场速度、湍动能作用区域;搅拌纯水、 0.25%CMC溶液、 0.5%CMC溶液时,湍动能最大值分别增加39.47%、 23.33%、 18.31%,平均增加31.03%.(2)对于气液两相流,与RT桨相比,FT桨能增大高气含率区域,促进气液分散;搅拌气液两相纯水、 0.25%CMC溶液、 0.5%CMC溶液时,总体气含率分别相对增加8.62%、 9.19%、 2.58%,平均相对增加5.94%,搅拌功耗分别降低4.58%、 4.54%、 4.98%,平均降低4.70%.与RT桨相比,FT桨搅拌CMC溶液具有更优的搅拌混合和气液分散性能,应用前景广阔.

APPLICATION OF CFD TECHNOLOGY IN WIND TURBINE ICING PROBER DESIGN

A series of numerical methods,which are suitable to design the shape and configuration of the icing prober for the horizontal axis wind turbine,are presented.The methods are composed of a multiple reference frame(MRF)method for calculating flow field of air,a Lagrangian method for computing droplet trajectories,an Eulerian method for calculating droplet collection efficiency,and an arithmetic for fast computing ice accretion.All the numerical methods are based on the computational fluid dynamics(CFD)technology.After proposing the basic steps and ideas for the design of the icing detection system,the shape and configuration of the icing prober for a 1.5 MW horizontal axis wind turbine are then obtained with the methods.The results show that the numerical methods are efficient and the CFD technology plays an important role in the design process.

半潜式海上漂浮式风力机气-水动全耦合分析

针对传统水动力学求解软件与其他数值分析代码不能充分考虑叶片气动载荷分布、涡尾迹结构以及风波耦合效应。通过STAR-CCM+中具有叠加运动和悬链线系泊求解器的动态流动相互作用模块建立一套气动-水动-系泊完全耦合动力学方法,开发较为可靠的漂浮式风力机数值模型。通过分析平台自由衰减曲线、6自由度响应以及风轮气动性能验证了所提耦合模型的可靠性;三维可视化流场分析表明,漂浮式风力机在波浪载荷作用下产生6自由度运动,叶片表面与涡管产生的脱落涡与塔架、机舱后方尾涡相互作用,加剧流场复杂性。结果可为漂浮式风力机流场优化与设计提供一定理论参考。