A machine learning-based strategy for predicting the mechanical strength of coral reef limestone using X-ray computed tomography

Different sedimentary zones in coral reefs lead to significant anisotropy in the pore structure of coral reef limestone(CRL),making it difficult to study mechanical behaviors.With X-ray computed tomography(CT),112 CRL samples were utilized for training the support vector machine(SVM)-,random forest(RF)-,and back propagation neural network(BPNN)-based models,respectively.Simultaneously,the machine learning model was embedded into genetic algorithm(GA)for parameter optimization to effectively predict uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)of CRL.Results indicate that the BPNN model with five hidden layers presents the best training effect in the data set of CRL.The SVM-based model shows a tendency to overfitting in the training set and poor generalization ability in the testing set.The RF-based model is suitable for training CRL samples with large data.Analysis of Pearson correlation coefficient matrix and the percentage increment method of performance metrics shows that the dry density,pore structure,and porosity of CRL are strongly correlated to UCS.However,the P-wave velocity is almost uncorrelated to the UCS,which is significantly distinct from the law for homogenous geomaterials.In addition,the pore tensor proposed in this paper can effectively reflect the pore structure of coral framework limestone(CFL)and coral boulder limestone(CBL),realizing the quantitative characterization of the heterogeneity and anisotropy of pore.The pore tensor provides a feasible idea to establish the relationship between pore structure and mechanical behavior of CRL.

Impact of computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging registration on rehabilitation after percutaneous endoscopic decompression for lumbar stenosis: Retrospective study

BACKGROUND Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar decompression(PELD)shows promise for lumbar spinal stenosis(LSS)treatment,but its use is limited by the disease's complexity and procedural challenges.AIM In this study,the effects of preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance with computed tomography(CT)/magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)registration techniques on PELD for LSS and postoperative rehabilitation outcomes were evaluated.METHODS This retrospective study was conducted with data from patients who underwent PELD for LSS between January 2021 and December 2023.Patients were assigned to preoperative CT/MRI registration and control groups.Data collected included the operative time,length of hospital stay,visual analog scale(VAS)scores for low back and leg pain,and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)lumbar spine score.Differences between groups were assessed using Student’s t test.RESULTS Data from 135 patients(71 in the CT/MRI registration group,64 in the control group)were analyzed.The operative time was significantly shorter in the CT/MRI registration group(P=0.007).At 2 months postoperatively,both groups showed significant reductions in VAS leg and low back pain scores(all P<0.001)and improvements in the JOA score(both P<0.001).No complication or death occurred.Preoperatively,pain and JOA scores were similar between groups(P=0.830,P=0.470,and P=0.287,respectively).At 2 months postoperatively,patients in the CT/MRI registration group reported lower leg and low back pain levels(P<0.001 and P=0.001,respectively)and had higher JOA scores(P=0.004)than did patients in the control group.CONCLUSION Preoperative CT/MRI registration for PELD for LSS reduced the operative time and VAS pain scores at 2 months and improved JOA scores,demonstrating enhanced effectiveness and safety.

Effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging and spiral computed tomography in the staging and treatment prognosis of colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a prevalent cancer type in clinical settings;its early signs can be difficult to detect,which often results in late-stage diagnoses in many patients.The early detection and diagnosis of CRC are crucial for improving treatment success and patient survival rates.Recently,imaging techniques have been hypothesized to be essential in managing CRC,with magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and spiral computed tomography(SCT)playing a significant role in enhancing diagnostic and treatment approaches.AIM To explore the effectiveness of MRI and SCT in the preoperative staging of CRC and the prognosis of laparoscopic treatment.METHODS Ninety-five individuals admitted to Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University underwent MRI and SCT and were diagnosed with CRC.The precision of MRI and SCT for the presurgical classification of CRC was assessed,and pathological staging was used as a reference.Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of blood volume,blood flow,time to peak,permeability surface,blood reflux constant,volume transfer constant,and extracellular extravascular space volume fraction on the prognosis of patients with CRC.RESULTS Pathological biopsies confirmed the following CRC stages:23,23,32,and 17 at T1,T2,T3,and T4,respectively.There were 39 cases at the N0 stage,22 at N1,34 at N2,44 at M0 stage,and 51 at M1.Using pathological findings as the benchmark,the combined use of MRI and SCT for preoperative TNM staging in patients with CRC demonstrated superior sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy compared with either modality alone,with a statistically significant difference in accuracy(P<0.05).Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed the predictive values for laparoscopic treatment prognosis,as indicated by the areas under the curve for blood volume,blood flow,time to peak,and permeability surface,blood reflux constant,volume transfer constant,and extracellular extravascular space volume fraction were 0.750,0.683,0.772,0.761,0.709,0.719,and 0.910,respectively.The corresponding sensitivity and specificity values were also obtained(P<0.05).CONCLUSION MRI with SCT is effective in the clinical diagnosis of patients with CRC and is worthy of clinical promotion.

Extravasated contrast volumetric assessment on computed tomography angiography in gastrointestinal bleeding:A useful predictor of positive angiographic findings

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal bleeding(GIB)is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition,especially in cases of delayed treatment.Computed tomography angiography(CTA)plays a pivotal role in the early identification of upper and lower GIB and in the prompt treatment of the haemorrhage.AIM To determine whether a volumetric estimation of the extravasated contrast at CTA in GIB may be a predictor of subsequent positive angiographic findings.METHODS In this retrospective single-centre study,35 patients(22 men;median age 69 years;range 16-92 years)admitted to our institution for active GIB detected at CTA and further submitted to catheter angiography between January 2018 and February 2022 were enrolled.Twenty-three(65.7%)patients underwent endoscopy before CTA.Bleeding volumetry was evaluated in both arterial and venous phases via a semi-automated dedicated software.Bleeding rate was obtained from volume change between the two phases and standardised for unit time.Patients were divided into two groups,according to the angiographic signs and their concordance with CTA.RESULTS Upper bleeding accounted for 42.9%and lower GIB for 57.1%.Mean haemoglobin value at the admission was 7.7 g/dL.A concordance between positive CTA and direct angiographic bleeding signs was found in 19(54.3%)cases.Despite no significant differences in terms of bleeding volume in the arterial phase(0.55 mL vs 0.33 mL,P=0.35),a statistically significant volume increase in the venous phase was identified in the group of patients with positive angiography(2.06 mL vs 0.9 mL,P=0.02).In the latter patient group,a significant increase in bleeding rate was also detected(2.18 mL/min vs 0.19 mL/min,P=0.02).CONCLUSION In GIB of any origin,extravasated contrast volumetric analysis at CTA could be a predictor of positive angiography and may help in avoiding further unnecessary procedures.

3D characterization and analysis of pore structure of packed ore particle beds based on computed tomography images

Methods and procedures of three-dimensional （3D） characterization of the pore structure features in the packed ore particle bed are focused. X-ray computed tomography was applied to deriving the cross-sectional images of specimens with single particle size of 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, 5-6, 6-7, 7-8, 8-9, 9-10 ram. Based on the in-house developed 3D image analysis programs using Matlab, the volume porosity, pore size distribution and degree of connectivity were calculated and analyzed in detail. The results indicate that the volume porosity, the mean diameter of pores and the effective pore size （d50） increase with the increasing of particle size. Lognormal distribution or Gauss distribution is mostly suitable to model the pore size distribution. The degree of connectivity investigated on the basis of cluster-labeling algorithm also increases with increasing the particle size approximately.

Biliary complications after liver transplantation:A computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging pictorial review

Biliary complications are the most common complications after liver transplantation.Computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)are cornerstones for timely diagnosis of biliary complications after liver transplantation.The diagnosis of these complications by CT and MRI requires expertise,mainly with respect to identifying subtle early signs to avoid missed or incorrect diagnoses.For example,biliary strictures may be misdiagnosed on MRI due to size mismatch of the common ducts of the donor and recipient,postoperative edema,pneumobilia,or susceptibility artifacts caused by surgical clips.Proper and prompt diagnosis of biliary complications after transplantation allows the timely initiation of appropriate management.The aim of this pictorial review is to illustrate various CT and MRI findings related to biliary complications after liver transplantation,based on time of presentation after surgery and frequency of occurrence.

Chronic pancreatitis:Pain and computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging findings

Chronic pancreatitis(CP)is a fibroinflammatory disease characterized by irreversible destruction of pancreatic tissue.With the development of the disease,it may lead to exocrine and/or endocrine insufficiency.CP is one of the common diseases that cause abdominal pain,which will not get permanent spontaneous relief as the disease evolves.The American College of Gastroenterology clinical guidelines recommend computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging as the first-line examination for the diagnosis of CP.CP common imaging findings include pancreatic atrophy,irregular dilatation of the pancreatic duct,calcification of pancreatic parenchyma,pancreatic duct stones,etc.In clinical practice,whether any correlations between CP-induced abdominal pain patterns(no pain/constant/intermittent pain)and corresponding imaging findings present are not well known.Therefore,this review aims to comprehensively sort out and analyze the relevant information by collecting lots of literature on this field,so as to construct a cross-bridge between the clinical manifestations and imaging manifestations of CP patients.Also,it provides an imaging basis and foundation for the classification and diagnosis of abdominal pain types in clinical CP patients.

Surgical complications after pancreatic transplantation:A computed tomography imaging pictorial review

Pancreatic transplantation is considered by the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes an acceptable surgical procedure in patients with type 1 diabetes also undergoing kidney transplantation in pre-final or end-stage renal disease if no contraindications are present.Pancreatic transplantation,however,is a complex surgical procedure and may lead to a range of postoperative complications that can significantly impact graft function and patient outcomes.Postoperative computed tomography(CT)is often adopted to evaluate perfusion of the transplanted pancreas,identify complications and as a guide for interventional radiology procedures.CT assessment after pancreatic transplantation should start with the evaluation of the arterial Y-graft,the venous anastomosis and the duodenojejunostomy.With regard to complications,CT allows for the identification of vascular complications,such as thrombosis or stenosis of blood vessels supplying the graft,the detection of pancreatic fluid collections,including pseudocysts,abscesses,or leaks,the assessment of bowel complications(anastomotic leaks,ileus or obstruction),and the identification of bleeding.The aim of this pictorial review is to illustrate CT findings of surgical-related complications after pancreatic transplantation.The knowledge of surgical techniques is of key importance to understand postoperative anatomic changes and imaging evaluation.Therefore,we first provide a short summary of the main techniques of pancreatic transplantation.Then,we provide a practical imaging approach to pancreatic transplantation and its complications providing tips and tricks for the prompt imaging diagnosis on CT.

Artificial Intelligence-Based Image Reconstruction for Computed Tomography: A Survey

Computed tomography has made significant advances since its intro-duction in the early 1970s,where researchers have mainly focused on the quality of image reconstruction in the early stage.However,radiation exposure poses a health risk,prompting the demand of the lowest possible dose when carrying out CT examinations.To acquire high-quality reconstruction images with low dose radiation,CT reconstruction techniques have evolved from conventional reconstruction such as analytical and iterative reconstruction,to reconstruction methods based on artificial intelligence(AI).All these efforts are devoted to con-structing high-quality images using only low doses with fast reconstruction speed.In particular,conventional reconstruction methods usually optimize one aspect,while AI-based reconstruction has finally managed to attain all goals in one shot.However,there are limitations such as the requirements on large datasets,unstable performance,and weak generalizability in AI-based reconstruction methods.This work presents the review and discussion on the classification,the commercial use,the advantages,and the limitations of AI-based image reconstruction methods in CT.

Impact of random and scattered coincidences from outside of field of view on positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging with different reconstruction protocols

Image quality in positron emission tomography(PET)is affected by random and scattered coincidences and reconstruction protocols.In this study,we investigated the effects of scattered and random coincidences from outside the field of view(FOV)on PET image quality for different reconstruction protocols.Imaging was performed on the Discovery 690 PET/CT scanner,using experimental configurations including the NEMA phantom(a body phantom,with six spheres of different sizes)with a signal background ratio of 4:1.The NEMA phantom(phantom I)was scanned separately in a one-bed position.To simulate the effect of random and scatter coincidences from outside the FOV,six cylindrical phantoms with various diameters were added to the NEMA phantom(phantom II).The 18 emission datasets with mean intervals of 15 min were acquired(3 min/scan).The emission data were reconstructed using different techniques.The image quality parameters were evaluated by both phantoms.Variations in the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)in a 28-mm(10-mm)sphere of phantom II were 37.9%(86.5%)for ordered-subset expectation maximization(OSEM-only),36.8%(81.5%)for point spread function(PSF),32.7%(80.7%)for time of flight(TOF),and 31.5%(77.8%)for OSEM+PSF+TOF,respectively,indicating that OSEM+PSF+TOF reconstruction had the lowest noise levels and lowest coefficient of variation(COV)values.Random and scatter coincidences from outside the FOV induced lower SNR,lower contrast,and higher COV values,indicating image deterioration and significantly impacting smaller sphere sizes.Amongst reconstruction protocols,OSEM+PSF+TOF and OSEM+PSF showed higher contrast values for sphere sizes of 22,28,and 37 mm and higher contrast recovery coefficient values for smaller sphere sizes of 10 and 13 mm.

胸部CT图像质量评价与辐射剂量的临床应用研究

目的:归纳和分析影响胸部CT图像质量的因素,进一步对照分析常规剂量组和低剂量组两组图像质量有无差异,以论证胸部CT低剂量检查的可行性。方法:选取150例胸部CT查体的患者,A组为常规剂量组,管电压120kV,管电流自动调节;B组为低剂量组,管电压100kV,管电流自动调节。参照胸部CT的图像质量评价标准对常规剂量组和低剂量组图像质量进一步作出主观评价。对辐射剂量、信噪比等客观数据进行统计学处理,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。并与主观评价相比较。结果:主、客观评价两组图像质量均无统计学意义,A组辐射剂量与B组辐射剂量有统计学意义。结论:影响图像质量的因素包括患者的因素、设备的因素以及操作者的因素,胸部CT采用100kV低剂量检查可以作为常规扫描方案,获得的图像可以满足影像诊断的要求,具有可行性。

不同成像参数下CBCT的成像质量分析

目的:主观评价和客观评估不同成像参数下CBCT的图像质量,分析图像质量的主观评价和客观评价间的关系。方法:分别采用6台不同品牌CBCT扫描仪〔3D Accuitomo(Morita)、i-CAT(Kavo)、5G(NewTom)、Smart3D(北京朗视)、DCT Pro(Vatech)、VGi(NewTom)〕,在各个品牌的典型曝光条件下(电压和电流强度不同)扫描空间分辨率模体和高仿真头模,7位医师对拍摄的CBCT图像进行主观评价打分,比较不同CBCT扫描仪的空间分辨率和对常见口腔解剖结构的可见性。客观评价指标采用各仪器所获的图像空间分辩率(LP/mm)。结果:7位医师的组内一致性和组间一致性均无显著性差异。主观评价New Tom 5G为2分,i-CAT为5分,其余4个品牌匀为4分,客观评价i-CAT的LP/mm为1.8,Smart3D为2.0,其余4个品牌为1.0~1.7。在相同管电流条件下,不同管电压的图像主观质量有显著性差异。在相同管电压条件下,不同管电流的图像主观质量有显著性差异。结论:图像质量的主客观评价具有一定的一致性,不同品牌之间的客观评价差异可能与电压、电流强度不同有关。

CT及MRI预测急性缺血性脑梗死出血性转化的价值研究进展

脑梗死是全球排名第二大致死原因,在中国已成为第一大致残及死亡原因。急性缺血性脑梗死(acute ischemic stroke,AIS)则是最常见的脑梗死类型,约占全部脑梗死的80%。出血性转化(hemorrhagic transformation,HT)是AIS患者的自然转归过程之一,也是静脉溶栓治疗(intravenous thrombolysis,IVT)或血管内取栓治疗等治疗后最严重的并发症,给患者及其家庭和社会都带来沉重的负担。精准预测、评估AIS的HT具有重要临床意义。近年影像学研究集中于CT和MRI评估HT的价值。CT平扫诊断HT价值有限,AIS治疗前,阿尔伯塔脑梗死计划早期诊断评分≤7分与HT发生相关(P=0.033),高密度大脑中动脉征是发生HT的独立危险因素(OR=10.334);AIS取栓治疗后24 h复查双能CT,预测2~7 d内发生HT风险的效能较高(灵敏度82.5%、特异度100%)。CT血管造影中,血栓负荷高的患者HT发生概率上升(OR=1.28);侧支循环良好的AIS患者HT发生率低。CT灌注成像参数包括表面渗透性、脑血容量、Tmax等,均有较好的HT预测价值。MRI平扫中,FLAIR上高信号可预测HT的发生;MRI弥散加权成像,高信号区域体积可预测HT(ROC曲线下面积0.78);MRI磁敏感率加权成像,刷状征、微出血灶提示HT的发生;MRI增强T1加权成像,脑实质强化与HT发生显著相关(P<0.05);MRI灌注加权成像中,梗死区脑血容量降低可预测HT。此外,CT及MRI图像后处理系统RAPID提升了评估HT的效能。建议根据各急救中心的硬件及当地医疗情况,设置个性化的影像学检测方式及流程,预测及管理HT。

优化双下肢动脉能谱CT血管造影成像方案

目的优化双下肢动脉能谱CT血管造影(CTA)成像方案。方法回顾性分析30例疑诊双下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症(ASO)患者双下肢动脉能谱CTA资料,经重建获得40~80 keV(间隔5 keV)单能量(共9种)及100 kVp混合能量图像,对比双下肢动脉在不同图像中的CT值、噪声(SD)值、信噪比(SNR)及对比度噪声比(CNR);针对50、60 keV单能量和100 kVp混合能量图像质量及血管节段的可诊断性进行主观评估,观察40、45、50、60 keV单能量和100 kVp混合能量图像的自动去骨能力。结果40~80 keV范围内,随keV升高,各动脉在图像中的CT值、SD值、SNR及CNR均逐渐降低。相比100 kVp,腘动脉(PA)及其近端动脉的CT值、CNR及SNR均在40~55 keV图像中升高(P均<0.05);50~55 keV图像中SD值升高(P均<0.05),而60 keV图像中差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。50及60 keV图像质量主观评分及可诊断动脉节段数与100 kVp差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。PA以远节段的SNR及CNR在各单能量图像及100 kVp图像中差异均无统计学意义,其CT值在40~45 keV图像中、SD在40 keV图像中均高于100 kVp(P均<0.05),但SD在45 keV与100 kVp图像中差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);50 keV图像中,PA以远节段图像质量主观评分及可诊断节段数均高于60 keV及100 kVp(P均<0.05)。40 keV图像对9例(9/30,30.00%)、45 keV图像对6例(6/30,20.00%)不能自动去骨,50及60 keV、100 kVp对30例(30/30,100%)均可自动去骨。结论行双下肢动脉能谱CTA时,对PA及其近端节段以60 keV单能量成像较佳,对其以远或双下肢全程则以50 keV单能量成像较佳。

基于增强CT影像组学预测食管鳞癌淋巴血管侵犯状态的价值

目的:探讨基于增强CT影像组学预测食管鳞癌(ESCC)淋巴血管侵犯(LVI)的价值。方法:回顾性搜集行根治性切除术并经术后病理证实的224例食管鳞癌患者,其中包括66例LVI阳性和158例LVI阴性患者。所有患者均在术前2周内进行胸部增强CT扫描。将入组的患者按照7:3的比例随机分为训练集和测试集。使用3D Slicer软件逐层勾画全肿瘤感兴趣区(ROI),采用Python软件的Pyradiomics包提取肿瘤组织的影像组学特征,建立影像组学模型用于预测食管鳞癌的LVI状态并进行验证。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线的曲线下面积(AUC)、敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值来评价影像组学模型的诊断效能,使用校准曲线评价影像组学模型在训练集和测试集中的拟合程度。使用决策曲线分析(DCA)评价影像组学模型的临床应用价值。结果:从全肿瘤ROI中提取了1130个组学特征,经过筛选最终保留了7个影像组学特征,并使用多因素logistic回归建立影像组学预测模型。在训练集中,影像组学模型预测LVI的AUC值为0.930,敏感度为0.851,特异度为0.919,准确度为0.899,阳性预测值为0.816,阴性预测值为0.936;在测试集中,AUC值为0.897,敏感度为0.789,特异度为0.787,准确度为0.788,阳性预测值为0.600,阴性预测值为0.902。校准曲线显示影像组学模型在训练集及测试集中的预测概率与实际概率的一致性良好。DCA曲线显示影像组学模型具有良好的临床应用价值。结论:基于增强CT构建的影像组学模型,能够在术前有效预测食管鳞癌的LVI状态。

基于左心室和冠状动脉动态体模系统观察不同心率下CT图像重建最佳期相

目的观察以左心室和冠状动脉动态体模系统模拟左心室及冠状动脉运动时在不同心率下重建CT图像的最佳期相。方法构建可模拟50~120次/分心率下心脏周期性运动及心电信号输出的左心室和冠状动脉动态体模系统。于体模系统R-R间期行CT扫描,0~90%期相范围内每10%间隔重建图像。评估观察者间主观评估图像质量结果的一致性;对不同心率、不同期相图像进行比较。结果观察者间主观评价图像质量结果的一致性较高(Kendall W=0.83,P<0.05)。设定体模心率为50~60次/分时,大部分期相下重建图像质量均为良好,尤以30%、70%及80%期相最佳(P均<0.05);心率为65~75次/分时,最佳重建期相为40%、70%及80%(P均<0.05),以舒张期图像质量较好;心率80~95次/分时,30%为最佳重建期相(P均<0.05);心率为100次/分及以上时,所有期相重建图像质量均较差。结论以左心室和冠状动脉动态体模系统模拟左心室及冠状动脉运动时,不同心率下CT图像最佳重建期相不同;心率高于100次/分后所有重建图像质量均不佳。

基于不同管电压的人工智能重建算法对胸部体模CT扫描图像质量和辐射剂量的影响研究

目的:基于成年男性仿真胸部体模(PH-N1)CT扫描,探究不同管电压结合人工智能(AI)重建(CI)算法对胸部体模CT扫描图像质量和辐射剂量的影响。方法:采用512层超高端CT分为4种管电压对体模进行扫描,分别为70 kV、80 kV、100 kV和120 kV,对不同管电压的CT扫描图像采用10%、30%、50%、70%和90%CI算法重建1 mm薄层图像,比较4组扫描的容积剂量指数(CTDIvol)和剂量-长度乘积(DLP)。测量图像主动脉、腹壁脂肪及竖棘肌的CT值、标准偏差(SD)值,由两名5年以上工作经验的高年资诊断医师独立双盲的对图像质量进行5分制评估,并行Kappa一致性检验。采用单因素方差分析比较图像目标组织的CT值、SD值差异。采用Friedman秩和检验比较组间主观图像质量的差异。结果:4种不同管电压的CTDIvol和DLP比较,差异有统计学意义(F=1855.617、3996.118,P<0.05)。在70 kV管电压下,10%、30%、50%、70%和90%CI算法重建的主动脉、腹壁脂肪及竖棘肌的CT值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而SD值差异均有统计学意义(F=32.267、53.327、14.873,P<0.05)。在90%权重的CI算法重建4种不同管电压下,主动脉、腹壁脂肪及竖棘肌的CT值随着管电压的降低,CT值逐渐降低,差异有统计学意义(F=139.899、2563.93、219.231,P<0.05)。两名诊断医师对各组图像的主观评分一致性较好(Kappa=0.712~0.869)。结论:CI算法在70 kV管电压下90%权重的CI算法重建图像与80 kV、90 kV、120 kV图像相比,可以明显降低辐射剂量,同时图像具有良好信噪比。

脊椎骨内神经鞘瘤的CT、MRI表现(附11例报道及文献复习)

目的探讨脊椎骨内神经鞘瘤(Intraosseous Schwannoma,IOS)的特征性影像学表现,以与其他脊椎溶骨性病变区别开。方法回顾性分析上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院经手术病理证实的脊椎IOS的临床资料及CT、MRI等影像学资料。该文收集了11例脊椎IOS患者,其中男性7例,女性4例,年龄23~74岁[平均年龄(51±17)岁]。所有患者均行CT和MRI检查。由两名高年资骨关节系统放射科医师对所有影像学征象进行评估,并复习了近几年来文献报告的脊椎IOS影像学征象。结果病变累及部位包括颈椎3例(3/11,27.3%),胸椎1例(1/11,9.1%),腰椎5例(5/11,45.5%),腰骶椎2例(2/11,18.2%),最大径(5.8±2.85)cm,形态均为不规则形。CT显示偏心性膨胀性溶骨性骨质破坏,密度不均匀,平扫CT值为(43.0±11.55)HU。增强后不均匀轻度强化,CT值为(70.3±12.22)HU,病灶边界清晰,有硬化缘,未见骨膜反应,病灶易沿着椎间孔向椎管内外延伸。在MRI上,与肌肉组织相比,病灶在T1WI上呈等稍低信号,在T2WI上呈混杂稍高信号,压脂后呈混杂高信号,DWI未见弥散受限,ADC值为(1.25±0.176)×10-3mm2/s,增强后不均匀明显强化,时间-信号强度曲线为I型,7例患者病灶内发生囊性变。结论脊椎IOS是一种罕见的良性肿瘤,影像学表现具有一定的特征性,在鉴别诊断边界清晰的具有异质性的脊椎溶骨性病变时应予以考虑。

定量CT评价胸椎骨密度及与年龄相关的骨丢失

目的探讨胸椎定量CT(QCT)测量骨密度及骨丢失率的可行性。方法选取因健康体检及急腹症行全腹部CT扫描的患者708例,使用QCT软件测量T10-L3椎体骨密度。将受检者按每10岁为一个年龄段分组。计算每个年龄组的胸椎及腰椎骨密度,并计算各组别的峰值骨密度及骨丢失率。胸椎与腰椎骨密度及其与年龄的相关性采用Pearson相关分析。结果男性、女性骨密度峰值均在20~29岁年龄组,30岁以后胸腰椎骨密度开始不同程度减低,80~89岁女性胸椎及腰椎累计骨丢失率分别为60.61%及61.34%,而男性分别为44.45%及49.35%。男性与女性胸腰椎骨密度均与年龄呈负相关(P<0.01)。胸椎与腰椎骨密度呈正相关(男性r=0.96、女性r=0.98,P<0.01)。结论胸椎及腰椎QCT均能准确地显示不同年龄组的骨密度及骨丢失情况,胸椎QCT可以作为评价和监测骨丢失的一种方法。

深度学习图像重建算法对改善直肠CT图像质量的临床应用价值

目的:探索深度学习图像重建(DLIR)算法是否可以改善静脉期肛管直肠的CT图像质量。方法:回顾性纳入进行腹部CT增强扫描的71例患者,所有影像资料使用50%ASiR-V和DLIR低、中、高(DLIR-L、DLIR-M、DLIR-H)3个强度的DLIR重建静脉期薄层图像。测量各组图像的肛管和臀部脂肪的CT值和标准差(SD),以臀部脂肪SD作为背景噪声,计算肛管对比噪声比(CNR)和信噪比(SNR)。两名影像科医师使用Likert5分量表法独立进行图像质量评估和直肠癌局部侵犯情况诊断信心评价。分析比较客观测量指标和图像主观评分,采用Kappa检验评估一致性。结果:各组间肛管CT值及臀部脂肪CT值比较差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05),脂肪SD、肛管SNR及CNR比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),DLIR-H组脂肪SD最低,SNR及CNR最高,而50%ASiR-V组脂肪SD最高,SNR及CNR最低。与50%ASiR-V组相比,DLIR-H组脂肪SD降低44.3%,肛管SNR及CNR分别提升89.5%和92.1%(P<0.05)。4组图像质量主观评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),从DLIR-H到50%ASiR-V依次降低。其中50%ASiR-V、DLIR-L组间比较差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05),其余各组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各组间直肠癌局部侵犯情况诊断信心评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),DLIR-M及DLIR-H组优于50%ASiR-V组(P<0.05)。结论:与标准50%ASiR-V图像相比,DLIR-M和DLIR-H重建算法能有效提高图像质量,重建强度越高,图像质量越好,显示细微结构的能力越强,能为临床精准评估及个体化精准治疗提供更多的依据。