Non-complete relief method for measuring surface stresses in surrounding rocks

The measurement of surface stresses in surrounding rocks with the use of a relief method of annular hole-drilling was studied by numerical analysis. The stress relief process by hole-drilling was then simulated with the use of finite element method. The influences of the borehole diameter(d), the initial stresses and the ratio of the initial principle stresses on the variations of the remained stress and the released stress in function of the relief depth(h) were discussed. The relation between the non-dimensional ratio of the released principle strains and that of the initial principle stresses, and the effect of the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio of the rock mass on the stress relief curves were studied. The results show that the stress relief behavior formulated with the non-dimensional ratio of the released stress and the ratio of h/d is only sensitive to the ratio of the initial principle stresses and the Poisson ratio. The stresses are completely released when h equals 1.6d, and the tensile stresses take place on the bore core surface in the relief measurement process. Finally, a non-complete relief method of annular hole-drilling for measuring surface stress in surrounding rocks is proposed and the procedure is presented.

TECHNOLOGY OF QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS ON VIBRATORY STRESS RELIEF BASED ON ULTRASONIC TIME-OF-ARRIVAL METHOD

The effect of vibratory stress relief （VSR） is usually evaluated with the indirect method of observing the change of amplitude frequency response characteristics of structures. A new kind of evaluating method of VSR based on the ultrasonic time-of-arrival method （UTM）, which can obtain the residual stress directly through measuring the propagation time of ultrasonic wave in the material, is presented. At first, the principle of the measuring method of residual stress based on UTM is analyzed. Then the measuring system of the method is described, which is in virtue of ultrasonic flaw detector and high-sampling-rate digital oscillograph. And a set of calibration system that contains a piece of standard specimen is also introduced. Experimental results prove the relation between the residual stress and the propagation time of ultrasonic in workpieces. Finally, the measuring and calibration systems are applied in evaluating the effect of VSR. The final test results show that the method is effective.

Relief F算法在属性优选中的应用

从测井、地震资料提取的多种属性都可以反映储层特征,但如何优选敏感属性是提高储层认识的关键。Relief F是一种经典的多类别特征选择算法,通过计算权重判别特征与类别之间的相关性程度,基于多次迭代计算结果,权重大且统计规律一致,则可作为敏感特征,该算法很适合处理具有大量实例的高维数据集。基于Relief F特征选择算法开展敏感属性优选,并通过与平面砂体预测结果对比、交会分析等手段,证实了优选结果的可靠性和准确性。

Design and application of computer software for collecting color data about urine reagent strips

Urine analysis is one of the most common and useful assay means in clinic for diagnose disease, especially urinary system disease and dry chemistry method is the most convenient, common and low cost about urine analysis. To expediently and efficiently analyze the corresponding relationships between different color data and semi-quantitative results about every urine item with dry chemistry way, in this paper, the design and application of effective software that may be used to collect color data about urine reagent strips are presented. First, we introduce the design procedure of this software. Second, its realization of design is given. Third, several application examples about collecting RGB original data by RS232 interface are shown. Then, RGB original data can be visually displayed by waveforms or curves and the data of cursor position may also be given. From the examples, we could confidently draw a conclusion that it is very convenient and effective to study on the laws of color variation about reagent pieces on reagent strip and it has met our original designed demands.

基于环境因子优化TSES法选择负样本及其在滑坡易发性评价中的应用

滑坡易发性评价是滑坡灾害防治的重要手段之一,而不合理的滑坡负样本会影响滑坡易发性评价,从而影响到滑坡灾害的防治,因此提供一种合理的负样本选取方法变得尤为关键。以西藏米林市的古滑坡为例,选择高程、坡度、坡向、坡位、距道路距离、距断层距离、距水系距离、地形起伏度、地层岩性、土地利用类型10类环境因子,使用Relief算法计算环境因子的贡献值并依据贡献值优化选择环境因子;基于环境因子优化的目标空间外向化采样法(target space exteriorization sampling,简称TSES)选择负样本,作为性能优异的随机森林模型的输入变量;之后结合优化的环境因子和正或负样本预测米林市的滑坡易发性,并用混淆矩阵和ROC曲线评价构建模型的性能。为检验环境因子优化的TSES法的有效性和先进性,采用耦合信息量法和TSES法选择滑坡负样本并构建随机森林模型,与环境因子优化的TSES法构建的随机森林模型进行对比研究。结果表明,环境因子优化的TSES法构建的随机森林模型的评价效果较好,其ACC为93.7%、AUC为0.987,均高于耦合信息量、TSES法构成的模型。环境因子优化的TSES法能够提高模型的精度,解决多因子作为约束条件取样中因子选取的问题,为滑坡易发性评价采集负样本提供了新的思路。

用修正的RELIEF方法测量高速空气流瞬时速度的理论研究

修正了拉曼激发激光感应电子荧光（ＲａｍａｎＥｘｃｉｔａｔｉｏｎｐｕｌｓｅＬａｓｅｒ－ｉｎｄｕｃｅｄＥｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃＦｌｕｏｒｅｓｃｅｎｃｅ简称ＲＥＬＩＥＦ）方法，以实现对亚音速和超音速空气流多点瞬时速度的测量。测量精度优于２％。

首山一矿深部地应力分布规律及影响因素

为探讨平顶山首山一矿深部地应力分布规律及其影响因素,基于矿井实测地应力数据,运用构造物理学、岩石力学和数值模拟方法,研究了测点地应力类型、大小和方向分布规律,反演了地应力场分布特征,分析了埋深、岩性和地质构造对地应力的影响,确定了影响地应力分布的主控因素。研究表明:多元回归反演分析法获得的地应力计算值与实测值吻合,相对误差小于20%,结果可靠。矿井煤岩体处于三维压应力状态,煤层主应力关系为S_(H)>S_(V)>S_(h),地应力由矿井北部向南部呈现先增大后减小再增大的变化趋势,地应力为28~44 MPa,属于高应力水平,地应力方向为NEE向。埋深影响地应力大小和类型,随埋深增加主应力增大,应力场类型向准静水压力场过渡;岩性与地应力密切相关,从泥岩到砂岩或灰岩,地应力增大,弹性模量越大地应力越大,地层岩性的差异造成地应力大小离散分布、应力方向偏转角不超过10°;矿井地应力与埋深、弹性模量的关系可表示为σ_(H)=0.0350H+0.4681E−8.5513。地质构造是影响首山一矿地应力分布的主控因素,褶皱形态控制地应力的水平应力分布,向斜内弧应力值大于背斜内弧,且褶皱弯曲程度越大,其内弧地应力越大,应力梯度越大;断层带内应力降低、断层尖灭端应力集中,地应力方向沿着断层走向偏转,与断层走向夹角越大,应力方向偏转角越大;断层切割复式褶皱时,断层与向斜构造组合区应力值大于断层与背斜构造组合区,且断褶构造组合造成地应力方向分布紊乱。

基于隧道施工阶段地应力实测数据的岩爆判据研究

云南省蔓金高速草果山隧道属于深埋长隧道,隧道围岩坚硬完整且脆性较高,隧道施工阶段面临着岩爆发生的风险。因此,采用应力解除法进行地应力测量,并基于实测数据结合现场岩爆发生情况与国内外不同的强度判据进行对比,并对岩爆判据的适用性进行分析研究。最后,根据岩爆实际发生的情况和位置对岩爆判据进行验证分析,结果表明:岩爆预测标准除应力指标外,还应使用多因素指标进行综合判别;某种岩爆预测方法不能适用所有地下工程,应结合工程的具体情况,进行岩爆危险性评估,为工程提出岩爆防治措施。同时此研究成果为深埋完整硬岩的岩爆灾害分析预测和防控提供了参考依据。

倾斜工作面面向断层开采煤柱失稳机制及稳定性控制

以某矿面向断层开采的5302工作面为工程背景,模拟了工作面回采过程中断层及断层周围煤岩体垂直应力、塑性区及断层滑移演化规律,提出了断层煤柱的合理尺寸,并制定了卸压方案。研究结果表明:工作面回采期间断层及断层周围煤岩体受构造应力与采动应力叠加作用下应力高度集中,容易诱发冲击地压;微震、应力在线监测结果对比分析表明,制定的爆破断顶、钻孔卸压技术方案能够有效降低应力集中程度,避免工作面面向断层开采时诱发冲击危险。

档案开放审核问责机制构建的理论阐释、现实梗阻与实践进路

新修订的《中华人民共和国档案法》在档案开放方面提出了更高的要求。作为档案开放的关键环节,档案开放审核面临着巨大挑战。因此,建立健全档案开放审核问责机制十分必要。文章在分析档案开放审核问责机制内涵、作用机理、构建依据的基础上,针对作用机理构建档案开放审核问责机制存在法律法规问责条款有待细化、档案开放审核的问责主体不到位、档案开放审核的问责客体不明确、档案开放审核的问责范围较为狭窄和档案开放审核的问责程序缺乏规范性等困难,提出细化问责政策与条款、全面落实问责主体、切实明确问责客体、调整充实问责范围以及严格规范问责程序等措施,以期为构建档案开放审核问责机制提供参考。

Fixing an illusion–an empirical assessment of correction methods for the terrain reversal effect in satellite images

Identifying land forms and land cover classes are important tasks in image interpretation.Sometimes,a phenomenon called terrain reversal effect(TRE)causes an inverted perception of 3D forms.When this inversion occurs,valleys appear as ridges and vice versa.While the TRE can severely impair the ability to identify 3D land forms,‘correcting’for the TRE in imagery can introduce new problems.Importantly,one of most commonly-proposed methods–shaded relief map(SRM)overlay–appears to impair the ability to identify land cover classes.In this paper,we report a comparative empirical evaluation of an SRM overlay solution,and its‘enhanced’versions supported by various other cues(stereopsis,motion,labels).In response to the different solutions,we measure the effectiveness,efficiency,confidence and preferences of our participants in land form and land cover identification tasks.All examined methods significantly improve the ability to detect land forms accurately,but they also impair the ability to identify the land cover classes to different degrees.Additionally,participants’visualization preferences contradict their performance with them,calling for reflection on the visual effects of the applied correction methods.Based on the study,recommendations concerning the correction of the TRE are drawn,and gaps are identified.

基于模糊免疫的风电机组异常状态识别

风电机组处于高空中,工作环境比较恶劣,导致故障频发。为此,设计一种基于模糊免疫的风电机组异常状态识别方法。结合BM4D与小波去噪设计去噪方法,对初选的特征参量数据进行去噪。利用Relief方法,提取具有较强相关性的风电机组运行状态特征参量。采用模糊免疫算法,设计模糊免疫检测器,检测提取到的特征参量,完成风电机组的异常状态识别。测试结果表明,该方法在异常状态识别中的均方误差低于1%,平均迭代次数低于80次,具有良好的异常识别效果。

Principle of in-situ 3D rock stress measurement with borehole wall stress relief method and its preliminary applications to determination of in-situ rock stress orientation and magnitude in Jinping hydropower station

As a main constituent of geological body, the rock masses have distinct differences from other materials, one of which is that rock masses are initially stressed in their natural states. Hence, it is an extremely challenging and significant research project to know the present residual stress of the rock masses in the earth's crust. Although some regularities of distribution of in-situ rock stresses can be deduced, the basic means to study the state of rock stress is in-situ stress measurement. After a brief review of several measuring methods of in-situ 3D rock stress, a new one, borehole wall stress relief method (BWSRM) to determine the in-situ 3D rock stress tensor in a single drilled borehole was proposed. Based on the principle of in-situ rock stress measurement with BWSRM, an original geostress measuring instrument was designed and manufactured. Preliminary experiments for determination of in-situ stress orientation and magnitude were carried out at an experimental tunnel in Jinping Ⅱ hydropower station in China, where the buried depth of overburden was about 2430 m. The results showed that it was feasible to measure the in-situ 3D rock stresses with BWSRM presented in this paper. The BWSRM has a broad prospect for in-situ 3D rock stress measurements in practical rock engineering.

乘员晕车的生理表征与缓解方法

为保证智能网联汽车的乘坐舒适性与用户接受度,建立乘员晕车缓解认知过程模型,提出一种基于嗅觉刺激的乘员晕车缓解方法。首先充分考虑乘员满意度和晕车缓解功能性要求,设计开展晕车缓解嗅觉刺激材料筛选实验,选定嗅觉刺激材料的气味类型和浓度。接着为探究不同晕车程度与生理表征之间的映射关系,验证嗅觉缓解方案的有效性,设计开展乘员晕车缓解实车实验。结果表明:乘员主观晕车程度与皮电激活度指标呈正相关,与脑电不对称值呈负相关。同时,20%浓度的姜花气味经10 s释放能够有效缓解乘员晕车症状,平均缓解效果达到22.17%,在主客观维度上得到了一致性验证。

Geomorphometric relief classification with the κ-median method in the Silesian Upland,southern Poland

The aim of this study is geomorphometric relief classification of a temperate latitude upland area in Central Europe.The Silesian Upland represents diversified structural relief which contains a fan-shaped configuration of long thresholds and wide erosion depressions.A 20 m × 20 m digital elevation model(DEM)provided input data for the analysis.The κ-median method was applied to examine morphometric variables of the relief.The aim of these activities was to identify clusters with objects of similar mathematical characteristics.These clusters were the basis of landform classification.Smaller numbers of clusters 4 transparently show hypsometric relationships.Key elements of the morphology of the area were clearly visible.The division into 6 clusters gives the best results-a detailed but clear image of the morphological diversity by distinguishing characteristic landform elements.The results for 8 clusters show significant background noise and are ambiguous,which makes them diflBcult to identify.Our research has confirmed that the κ-median method is a useful tool for landform classifications.We determined optimal parameters of this method(filtering window size,DEM resolution,number of clusters,aspect influence).

基于Relief和CRO的高维数据特征选择方法

随着信息社会进入大数据时代,高维数据的增长给数据处理带来了极大的挑战.为了分析和挖掘高维数据中的关键特征和潜在信息,提出了一种基于Relief和化学反应优化算法(Chemical Reaction Optimization algorithm,CRO)的混合算法.该算法首先采用Relief方法对数据进行降维并选择相关统计量中权重较大的特征子集;在迭代过程中改进了化学反应优化算法的4个操作算子的反应过程,利用邻域搜索策略与CRO相结合来提高该算法的局部搜索性能.实验结果显示RCRO算法筛选到的特征子集数目较小,且相比其他对比算法的分类准确率高.

人工智能赋能数字法治政府治理的制度构建

人工智能技术的快速发展已经对各个领域产生了深远影响,也对政府治理提出了新的挑战和机遇。数字法治政府作为现代政府治理模式的重要组成部分,旨在通过数字化手段提升政府运作的效率和透明度,加强政府的法治化建设。首先,在传统的治理模式下,政府的决策和服务往往依赖于人力资源,出现效率低下、监管不力等问题。人工智能技术可以有效克服这些问题,提高政府决策的准确性和效率,实现智慧型政府的目标。其次,人工智能技术赋能数字法治政府治理有着三重技术困境。第一,人工智能技术的迅速发展和广泛应用可能导致政府决策中存在不确定性,进而影响政府的治理效果。第二,人工智能技术在个人信息保护和数据隐私方面面临一系列的法律和伦理问题,需要政府加强相关法律和政策的制定和实施。第三,人工智能技术的高度自动化和智能化的特点也可能对就业和社会秩序产生负面影响。第四,为了破解人工智能赋能数字法治政府治理的技术困境,需要相应的政策法律纾解方法。这些方法包括制定预防、应急和长期的政策治理策略,在放权和管制方面实现政府角色定位的转变,建立有效的监管机制等。

基于空心包体应变法的口孜东矿地应力测量

为了解口孜东煤矿1111采区地应力分布规律,在1111采区胶带机大巷等3个位置进行了地应力测试,测试位置埋深为-855~-885 m,钻孔应力解除测试结果表明:最大主应力σ_(1)为水平地应力,方向为NE92.0°~NE189°,大小25.1~29.3 MPa,水平应力与竖直应力比为1.13~1.38.得到地应力分布规律:水平应力为最大主应力、中间主应力,垂直应力为最小主应力。该规律为1111采区巷道布置和巷道支护设计提供了基础地质资料。

转变助产服务模式下瑜伽球训练联合拉玛泽呼吸减痛法在初产妇自然分娩中的应用

目的探讨转变助产服务模式下瑜伽球训练联合拉玛泽呼吸减痛法在初产妇自然分娩中的应用效果,为制定初产妇自然分娩护理干预方案提供参考。方法选取2021年4月—2023年3月河北北方学院附属第一医院收治的拟行阴道分娩的196例产妇,采用简单随机化法分为对照组与观察组,每组98例。对照组产妇采取常规助产护理模式干预,观察组产妇采取转变助产服务模式下瑜伽球训练联合拉玛泽呼吸减痛法干预。比较2组产妇最终分娩方式、各产程分娩疼痛程度、各产程时间、产后出血量与分娩控制感水平;比较2组新生儿动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、动脉血pH值、1 min Apgar评分等指标。结果观察组产妇经阴道分娩率为88.78%(87/98),高于对照组的76.53%(75/98),且观察组产妇中转剖宫产率为11.22%(11/98),低于对照组的23.47%(23/98),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.124,P=0.024)。观察组产妇第一产程、第二产程、第三产程视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组产妇第一产程、第二产程、第三产程时间均短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组产妇产后出血量小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组产妇分娩控制量表(LAS)评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组新生儿PaCO_(2)水平均低于对照组,PaO_(2)水平、动脉血pH值、1 min Apgar评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论转变助产服务模式下瑜伽球训练联合拉玛泽呼吸减痛法干预在初产妇自然分娩中应用价值较高,能有效降低产妇中转剖宫产率,增强产妇分娩控制感,减轻产妇分娩疼痛,降低新生儿窒息风险。

基于ASTER GDEM的地形起伏度与西安市长安区滑坡崩塌灾害的相关性

西安市长安区地势南高北低,相差悬殊,秦岭北坡和黄土台塬边坡因人类工程活动、降雨、地震等诱发的影响,容易发生滑坡崩塌地质灾害,给城市造成严重损失。为研究滑坡崩塌地质灾害发育与地形起伏度的关系,以空间分辨率为30 m×30 m的ASTER GDEM数字高程数据为数据源,基于GIS的邻域统计分析工具,依次提取2×2、3×3、4×4、5×5……50×50共49个矩形窗口,运用均值变点法科学地确定长安区地形起伏度最佳分析窗口大小为17×17,面积为26.01×10^(4)m^(2),据此将区内地形起伏度分为5级,并采用CF法、I值法建立区域地形地貌与灾害点分布之间的相关关系。研究表明,滑坡崩塌的发育与地形起伏度具有密切的相关性,地形起伏度为小起伏(30~200m)时,对滑坡崩塌灾害影响最大,最利于灾害的发育。