Computer-based Creativity Enhanced Conceptual Design Model for Non-routine Design of Mechanical Systems

Computer-based conceptual design for routine design has made great strides, yet non-routine design has not been given due attention, and it is still poorly automated. Considering that the function-behavior-structure（FBS） model is widely used for modeling the conceptual design process, a computer-based creativity enhanced conceptual design model（CECD） for non-routine design of mechanical systems is presented. In the model, the leaf functions in the FBS model are decomposed into and represented with fine-grain basic operation actions（BOA）, and the corresponding BOA set in the function domain is then constructed. Choosing building blocks from the database, and expressing their multiple functions with BOAs, the BOA set in the structure domain is formed. Through rule-based dynamic partition of the BOA set in the function domain, many variants of regenerated functional schemes are generated. For enhancing the capability to introduce new design variables into the conceptual design process, and dig out more innovative physical structure schemes, the indirect function-structure matching strategy based on reconstructing the combined structure schemes is adopted. By adjusting the tightness of the partition rules and the granularity of the divided BOA subsets, and making full use of the main function and secondary functions of each basic structure in the process of reconstructing of the physical structures, new design variables and variants are introduced into the physical structure scheme reconstructing process, and a great number of simpler physical structure schemes to accomplish the overall function organically are figured out. The creativity enhanced conceptual design model presented has a dominant capability in introducing new deign variables in function domain and digging out simpler physical structures to accomplish the overall function, therefore it can be utilized to solve non-routine conceptual design problem.

Computer-based simulative training system--a new approach to teaching pre-hospital trauma care

Objective:A computer-based STS(simulative training system) in providing pre-hospital trauma care at a disaster site was applied to teaching nursing students in the Second Military Medical University,China.This article reports on the teaching effectiveness of this system.Methods:Among 92 participants,46 were in the study group and 46 were in the 'control' group. Each student completed a multiple-choice quiz after completing 18 hours(six three-hour sessions) of the study module,and a score was recorded.The simulative training module was completed only by the study group;the 'control' group was assigned in-class discussions for the same amount of time covering the same content as the study group.The final course scores,which included both comprehensive and group task-based tests were compared between these two groups.The study used a descriptive and comparative approach for quantitative data analysis.Tests of independency between the multiple choice scores and the simulation scores were also performed.Finally,anonymous surveys were conducted.Results:The study group performed better than the 'control' group with a significantly higher average score for the group scenario task-based test score,and consequently the study group's final course score was significantly higher than the 'control' group.As per chi-square tests,no significant associations were found between the multiple choice scores and the simulated training scores.The final surveys showed students overwhelmingly agreed that STS training improved their knowledge and skills,their ability to recognize a potential critical event, and their initial response for trauma care at pre-hospital settings.The survey responses of the study group were noteworthy as they indicated that students recognized the importance of simulative training,appreciated the realism of the simulation,and were able to fight/adjust to the stressful feelings in order to focus on the task.Conclusion:Computer-based STS may be an effective teaching model to help students improve their capability in providing pre-hospital trauma care,and in their effectiveness in disaster response.

ChatGPT: Application in Chemistry Education and Challenges

The paper discusses the advancements and applications of neural networks, specifically ChatGPT, in various fields, including chemistry education and research. It examines the benefits of AI and ChatGPT, such as their ability to process and analyze large amounts of data, create personalized training systems, and offer problem-solving recommendations. The paper delves into practical applications, showcasing how ChatGPT can be utilised to augment chemistry learning. It provides examples of using ChatGPT for creating tests, generating multiple-choice questions, and studying chemistry in general. Concerns are voiced about the ethical and societal impact of AI development. In conclusion, it explores the exciting potential of AI to tackle challenges that may exceed human capabilities alone, paving the way for further exploration and collaboration between humans and intelligent machines.

凝血试验自动审核方案的建立与临床应用

目的建立凝血试验自动审核方案,验证并应用于常规凝血检验。方法采用实验室信息管理系统(LIS)、检测设备和中间软件联合构建自动审核实施方案。采用数据库模拟运行和人工审核的方式对历史检验报告进行自动审核规则验证。评估实施凝血自动审核方案后与人工审核之间实验室内周转时间(TAT)情况。结果构建的自动审核方案涉及9项凝血检验项目,在LIS中设计了13条自动审核规则。在2018年12月至2019年11月期间临床实践应用中,98.86%的检验报告执行了自动审核程序,检验报告自动审核通过率为73.66%,26.34%检验报告被系统拦截后人工审核。凝血检验单项平均通过率为89.26%,其中PT通过率(97.75%)最高,D-dimer通过率(69.38%)最低。实施自动审核后的实验室内TAT中位数和第90百分位值分别较未自动审核时缩短5 min和15 min。实施自动审核期间,自动审核的凝血检验报告TAT的中位数和第90百分位值较人工审核分别缩短22 min和27 min。结论构建的自动审核方案在临床实施后可缩短实验室内TAT,提高工作效率。

无监督学习在临床实验室自动审核规则制定中的实践价值

目的探索自编码机算法对临床实验室自动审核规则制定的临床价值。方法通过机器学习算法中的自编码机算法对四川省达州市中心医院检验科过去3年已经人工审核的涉及血清总蛋白(TP)、血清清蛋白(ALB)以及免疫球蛋白的结果进行无监督学习,评估选择合理模型的部分指标,以及对模型分组后的数据进行分布分析,进而探讨模型的合理性。结果通过增加合适的范围内隐层和隐层内神经元的数量,以及采用dropout技术会对最终模型的MSE带来积极的效果;本文模型认为TP介于44.59～94.56g/L之间,ALB位于27.14～52.88g/L之间,A/G值位于0.65～4.86之间,IgA位于0.01～18.74g/L之间,IgG位于1.34～36.81g/L之间,及IgM位于0.001～10.715g/L之间的结果可以无需关注,该判断规则与部分实验室已公布的自动审核规则极为接近,本试验数据显示将近90%判定为无需关注,进而大大提高检验人员对极少数异常数据的关注度。结论无监督学习中的自编码机算法能够在实验室自动审核规则制定中产生积极的价值,但需要进一步对模型产生的规则进行深入解读和分析。

临床生化检验结果自动审核软件系统的建立与评价

目的应用自动审核软件系统对临床生化检验结果进行自动审核,从而提高工作效率,缩短检验报告时间。方法根据美国病理学家协会(CAP)、ISO15189对临床检验行业的要求和佛山市中医院检验医学中心的需求建立自动审核规则,并修改检验信息系统,实现生化结果判断,实验室信息管理系统(LIS)执行自动审核时将判断通过的标本发出报告。对检验中心门诊组从2017年9月1日至2018年2月28日的门诊流水线的所有生化检验标本进行验证,统计标本和检验项目的自动审核通过率,自动审核的标本周转时间(TAT)中位数。结果建立自动审核软件系统后,近半年的生化检验项目的通过率在69.00%~74.00%,标本的通过率维持在87.40%左右,自动审核的TAT中位数从50.15 min降至44.70 min,审核人员从2人减少为1人。结论建立自动审核软件系统可以用于临床生化检验结果的自动审核,可以明显缩短TAT,提高实验室工作效率。

凝血检验自动审核问题与对策

检验报告自动审核可显著缩短实验室内样本周转时间,提高工作效率,是检验科未来发展的趋势。凝血试验自动审核常面临不合格样本识别难、自动审核规则设计复杂等诸多问题。严格、规范的分析前质量控制和信息系统互联互通是实施凝血试验自动审核的基础。实验室应根据自身条件设定合适的凝血试验自动审核规则,以结果准确为前提,并持续优化,逐步提高检验报告自动审核通过率。

凝血检验自动审核规则的建立与验证

目的建立凝血检验的自动审核规则,验证并应用于临床实验室。方法根据指南设置自动审核规则,包含质控、仪器报警、样本质量核查、危急值、限值、Delta check、逻辑判断,进行规则覆盖率、正确率和适用性验证,计算自动审核通过率、真阴性率、真阳性率、假阴性率、假阳性率和实验室内报告周转时间(TAT),评估实施效果。结果根据156989份报告建立了7个凝血项目的39条自动审核规则,规则覆盖率和正确率均为100%。在2022年6—10月临床应用阶段,82310份凝血检验报告的自动审核通过率为75.12%,其中真阳性率16.19%,真阴性率75.12%,假阳性率8.69%,假阴性率0%,实验室TAT缩短了23 min(P<0.05)。结论通过建立和实施自动审核规则,能在保证检验质量的同时缩短实验室TAT,提高凝血检验工作效率,确保医疗安全。

ATTEMPT ON COMPUTER-BASED COLLEGE ENGLISH TEACHING

With the development of CALL applying in foreign languages teaching, it brings a new voice to thereform of EFL or FLT. We made a comparison between computer-based college English teaching and traditionEnglish teaching. Through analysis of the experiment, we may find that computer-based college Englishteaching has great potential in traditional class.

血气分析自动审核规则的评估与优化

目的评估和优化血气分析的审核规则,提高自动审核通过率。方法回顾分析8453份血气标本的自动审核通过率。参考CLSI AUTO-15、CLSI EP33,评估和优化血气项目的限值和差值范围。调整规则并通过验证后,重新计算自动审核通过率。结果血气分析的自动审核原有规则15个项目共64条,自动审核通过率是46.4%。不通过原因差值占22.5%,限值占22.3%。调整差值规则6条,如氧分压差值百分率从“<-130%或>130%”调整为“<-180.6%或>234.3%”。调整限值规则8条,如警戒总氧含量从“<2.5 mmol/L或>20.4 mmol/L”调整为“<4.1 mmol/L或>23.4 mmol/L”。928例验证人工审核和自动审核的符合率100%。规则调整后自动审核通过率是66.2%。结论合理地调整限值和差值范围可提高自动审核的通过率。

Possible contribution of artificial neural networks and linear discriminant analysis in recognition of patients with suspected atrophic body gastritis

AIM: To investigate whether ANNs and LDA could recognize patients with ABG in a database, containing only clinical and biochemical variables, of a pool of patients with and without ABG, by selecting the most predictive variables and by reducing input data to the minimum.METHODS: Data was collected from 350 consecutive outpatients (263 with ABG, 87 with non-atrophic gastritis and/or celiac disease [controls]). Structured questionnaires with 22 items (anagraphic, anamnestic, clinical, and biochemical data) were filled out for each patient. All patients underwent gastroscopy with biopsies. ANNs and LDA were applied to recognize patients with ABG.Experiment 1: random selection on 37 variables, experiment 2: optimization process on 30 variables, experiment 3:input data reduction on 8 variables, experiment 4: use of only clinical input data on 5 variables, and experiment 5:use of only serological variables.RESULTS: In experiment 1, overall accuracies of ANNs and LDA were 96.6% and 94.6%, respectively, for predicting patients with ABG. In experiment 2, ANNs and LDA reached an overall accuracy of 98.8% and 96.8%,respectively. In experiment 3, overall accuracy of ANNs was 98.4%. In experiment 4, overall accuracies of ANNs and LDA were, respectively, 91.3% and 88.6%. In experiment 5, overall accuracies of ANNs and LDA were,respectively, 97.7% and 94.5%.CONCLUSION: This preliminary study suggests that advanced statistical methods, not only ANNs, but also LDA,may contribute to better address bioptic sampling during gastroscopy in a subset of patients in whom ABG may be suspected on the basis of aspecific gastrointestinal symptoms or non-digestive disorders.

临床生化检验报告自动审核系统的规范化建立和优化

目的规范化建立临床生化检验报告自动审核系统并优化。方法以自动审核规则为核心,以实验室信息管理系统(LIMS)为基础,联合中间体软件和全自动生化分析仪,建立复检规则、各检测项目的审核范围、危急值、Delta check,以及检测项目之间的逻辑关系等方面的审核规则。通过人工审核与自动审核相互比对,验证自动审核系统的有效性。对审核规则进行调整和优化并再次验证。结果建立的自动审核规则涉及仪器报警代码、复检规则、Delta check、限值管理(包括危急值项目及结果)、逻辑规则5部分共358条。自动审核的敏感性和特异性分别为98.6%和69.0%,阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为74.9%和98.2%。调整审核规则后,2017年临床生化报告审核通过率从56.89%上升至67.65%,升高幅度达18.91%。结论临床生化报告自动审核系统应不断完善、优化及验证,以提高TAT合格率和报告准确性。

某院生化检验报告自动审核系统的建立与应用

目的开发一套适用于多个血液标本的生化检验报告自动审核系统,实现临床生化类项目检验报告的自动化审核,并进行临床应用价值评估。方法针对69项临床生化检验项目以Data Manager^(2)(DM^(2))中间体软件为工具,设计开发包括室内质控等在内的9大类自动审核规则,并对临床生化血液定量项目进行检测验证。比较检验项目通过情况,并对标本的不合格率、平均标本周转时间(TAT)和危急值报告参数等关键指标进行比较。结果使用审核系统期间项目的自动审核与人工审核间符合率达到100.00%,其中总标本、门急诊标本、住院标本通过率分别达到了72.36%、82.49%、68.56%。门急诊和住院标本平均TAT分别下降了28 min(P<0.01)和25 min(P<0.01),门急诊和住院危急值报告及时率分别上升至100.00%(P<0.01)和99.81%(P<0.01),门急诊和住院危急值报告平均TAT分别缩短了27 min(P<0.01)和28 min(P<0.01)。结论该研究成功开发了一套适用于血液标本生化检验自动审核系统,对急诊和大批量标本可以极大地降低人工审核比例、减少标本不合格率、缩短TAT、提高检验质量和效率。该系统的建立和应用具有一定的临床价值和应用推广性。

甲状腺功能检测项目自动审核系统的建立与优化

目的建立并优化甲状腺功能检测项目自动审核系统。方法依据CLSI AUTO10-A和CLSI AUTO15,基于AptioTM生化免疫自动化流水线中间件软件进行甲状腺功能检验项目自动审核程序建立及验证,采用Delta check大数据智能分析系统进行特定学科人群统计分析及自动审核规则优化。结果细化自动审核范围、调整Delta check值以及增加甲状腺功能指标组合模式判断规则后,促甲状腺激素(TSH)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)、总甲状腺素(TT4)、总三碘甲腺原氨酸(TT3)的平均通过率都在90%以上,而抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体(A-TG)和抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(A-TPO)的平均通过率在70%以上,整体较之前升高了7%~17%。甲状腺功能检验结果自动审核平均通过率从84.68%上升至94.45%,升高幅度达9.77%。实验室内标本周转时间(TAT)中位数从92 min降至78 min,缩短15.2%,自动审核报告TAT中位数从70~85 min下降至60~75 min。检验报告的差错率从0.096‰(5/51976)下降至0.000‰(0/154282),报告的审核时效和准确性明显提高。结论自动审核系统的建立、验证与优化,可以减轻工作强度,缩短TAT,降低风险并提高工作效率。

Tracking Students’ Mental Engagement Using EEG Signals during an Interaction with a Virtual Learning Environment

Monitoring students’ level of engagement during learning activities is an important challenge in the development of tutoring interventions. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of using electroencephalographic signals (EEG) as a tool to monitor the mental engagement index of novice medicine students during a reasoning process. More precisely, the objectives were first, to track students’ mental engagement evolution in order to investigate whether there were particular sections within the learning environment that aroused the highest engagement level among the students, and, if so, did these sections have an impact on learners’ performance. Experimental analyses showed the same trends in the different resolution phases as well as across the different regions of the environments. However, we noticed a higher engagement index during the treatment identification phase since it aroused more mental effort. Moreover statistically significant effects were found between mental engagement and students’ performance.

THE RETRIEVAL AND ANALYSIS OF THE ACUPOINT EFFECT FROM ZHENJIU DACHENG

This paper has counted the clauses about the acupoint effect in Zhenjiu Dachengwith computer. The results have been indicated, summed up, simplified, and listed in a table. Ac-cording to these results, authors proposed some hypotheses, such as the first grade of the holographicunits on the extremities, the second grade of the holographic units on the extremities, the holographicunit on the head, etc., which are of significance in the clinical selection of points.

Dimensionality and Angular Disparity Influence Mental Rotation in Computer Gaming

Computer gaming is one of the most common activities that individuals are indulged in their usual activities concerning interactive systembased entertainment.Visuospatial processing is an essential aspect of mental rotation(MR)in playing computer-games.Previous studies have explored how objects’features affect theMRprocess;however,non-isomorphic 2Dand 3D objects lack a fair comparison.In addition,the effects of these features on brain activation during the MR in computer-games have been less investigated.This study investigates how dimensionality and angular disparity affect brain activation duringMRin computer-games.EEG(electroencephalogram)data were recorded from sixty healthy adults while playing an MR-based computer game.Isomorphic 2D and 3D visual objects with convex and reflex angular disparity were presented in the game.Cluster-based permutation tests were applied on EEG spectral power for frequency range 3.5–30 Hz to identify significant spatio-spectral changes.Also,the band-specific hemispheric lateralization was evaluated to investigate task-specific asymmetry.The results indicated higher alpha desynchronization in the left hemisphere during MR compared to baseline.The fronto-parietal areas showed neural activations during the game with convex angular disparities and 3D objects,for a frequency range of 7.8–14.2Hz and 7.8–10.5Hz,respectively.These areas also showed activations during the game with reflex angular disparities and 2D objects,but for narrower frequency bands,i.e.,8.0–10.0 Hz and 11.0–11.7 Hz,respectively.Left hemispheric dominance was observed for alpha and beta frequencies.However,the right parietal region was notably more dominant for convex angular disparity and 3D objects.Overall,the results showed higher neural activities elicited by convex angular disparities and 3D objects in the game compared to the reflex angles and 2Dobjects.The findings suggest future applications,such as cognitive modeling and controlled MR training using computer games.

Relationship between Computer-Based Reading Activities and Reading Achievements among Hong Kong and U.S.Students:A Comparative Study Using PIRLS 2011 Data

Reading for personal interest and acquiring and using information using various reading processes are important parts of reading literacy that students need to develop in order to progress successfully through their schooling and fully function in the information society.Computer assisted reading instructional activities are assumed useful in improving the reading literacy of students,especially reading processes.However,students in Hong Kong and the US demonstrated a substantial performance gap in reading proficiency.Using the data from Progress in International Reading Literacy(PIRLS)2011,this study examines whether and to what extent four computer-based reading instructional activities influence students’performance in reading processes central to reading for interest and acquiring and using information in Hong Kong and the US.It found that computer-based reading activities are associated with students’literacy performance in different ways in the two places.In particular,the more often Hong Kong students used the computer to read,the lower the reading achievement in all reading processes measured.However,in the US context,using the computer to write is positively associated with students’reading scores in all reading processes while using software is negatively related to their reading performance in using all the reading processes.

The TOGAF Based Govemance Framework Proposition for Technology Management Systems

A computer-based technology management system is needed to manage technology assessment, technology acquisition, and technology planning capabilities to shape and accomplish the strategic and operational objectives of an organization. During the design of technology management intelligence, it has appeared that there has been a need to establish an integrated and systematic approach. The Open Group Architecture Framework （TOGAF） provides this systematic approach to the planning, development, implementation, and governance of the enterprise architecture. This exploratory paper examines the TOGAF approach to develop a technology management architecture in a product development organization. The paper discusses the development and proactive governance of the technology management architecture from various perspectives such as architecture capability, architecture development, transition planning, and architecture implementation. The paper presents a TOGAF based governance framework for the technology management system in an organization that develops s0ft＇ware-intensive systems. The framework supports an iterative approach in the architecture capability, architecture development, transition planning, and architecture implementation phases. The implementation governance phase can deal with multiple projects simultaneously. Therefore, the framework suggests applying agile system development principles to the projects that develop and deploy the architecture-compliant technology management solutions. The proposed framework helps organizations to design and implement a technology management architecture that meets the needs of the business. The framework also aims to simplify development and maintenance processes of a technology management system.

Improving Laboratory Test-Ordering with Information Technology

The overuse of clinical laboratory services has been documented for many years. This overuse use does not contribute to the quality of medical care, does not shorten hospital stay, nor reduce mortality. The utilization of diagnostic laboratories has increased over the last decade around the world. This increased laboratory use is appropriate if it allows accurate diagnoses to be made, ideal treatment to be identified and monitored, accurate prognoses to be established, and patients’ hospital stays to be shortened. Thus, improving the appropriateness of testing behavior and reducing the number of laboratory tests have been recognized as essential parts of quality improvement program. In this study, the effectiveness of a computer-based system in improving the laboratory test-ordering in a general hospital was investigated. The study was conducted through four stages, the preparation stage, the pre-intervention stage, the post-intervention 1) stage and post-intervention 2) stage. Guideline and computer system were developed during preparation stage. Medical records were reviewed against guideline recommendations before any intervention during the pre-intervention stage, after guideline dissemination through educational workshops during the post intervention 1) stage, and after implementation of the computer system with the new requesting form during the post intervention 2) stage. The study revealed that the computer-based system achieved a statistically significant increase in the percentage of appropriate use from 44.6% in the post-intervention 1) stage to 55.6%, and a statistically significant increase in the compliance with guideline by prescriber as well as increased in guideline conformity rate from 16.7% in the post-intervention 1) stage to 32.5% in the post-intervention 2) stage, and decreased in the percentage of prescribers whose level was unsatisfactory from 85.4% the post-intervention 1) stage to 66.7% in the post-intervention 2) stage.