The concentration dependence of the reduced viscosity of dilute polymer solution is interpreted in the light of a new concept of the self-association of polymer chains in dilute solution. The apparent self-association...The concentration dependence of the reduced viscosity of dilute polymer solution is interpreted in the light of a new concept of the self-association of polymer chains in dilute solution. The apparent self-association constant is defined as the molar association constant divided by the molar mass of individual polymer chain and is numerically interconvertible with the Huggins coefficient. The molar association constant is directly proportional to the effective hydrodynamic volume of the polymer chain in solution and is irrespective of the chain architecture. The effective hydrodynamic volume accounts for the non-spherical conformation of a short polymer chain in solution and is a product of a shape factor and hydrodynamic volume. The observed enhancement of Huggins coefficient for short chain and branched polymer is satisfactorily interpreted by the concept of self-association. The concept of self-association allows us to predict the existence of a boundary concentration C-s(dynamic contact concentration) which divides the dilute polymer solution into two regions.展开更多
Polystyrene films were adsorbed onto a silver surface from dichloromethane solutions with concentrations of 0.1 to 12 wt%, and then studied by the surface enhanced Raman technique. A critical concentration for coil in...Polystyrene films were adsorbed onto a silver surface from dichloromethane solutions with concentrations of 0.1 to 12 wt%, and then studied by the surface enhanced Raman technique. A critical concentration for coil interpenetration was observed.展开更多
Electrical conductivity of chromium polyacrylate with dopant concentration 30, 40 and 50 wt-% of chromium has been measured over a broad range of temperatures (303 K to 383 K).The electrical conductivity shows depende...Electrical conductivity of chromium polyacrylate with dopant concentration 30, 40 and 50 wt-% of chromium has been measured over a broad range of temperatures (303 K to 383 K).The electrical conductivity shows dependence on temperature, as well as, level of doping. The conductivity is considered to be due to thermal hopping motion of localized charge carriers,which are believed to be polarons, in the temperature range 303 K to 323 K and for T>343 K,whereas. it is metal-like in the temperature range 323 K to 343 K展开更多
In this paper we consider the initial boundary value problem of Cahn-Hilliard equation with concentration dependent mobility and gradient dependent potential. By the L^P type estimates and the theory of Morrey spaces,...In this paper we consider the initial boundary value problem of Cahn-Hilliard equation with concentration dependent mobility and gradient dependent potential. By the L^P type estimates and the theory of Morrey spaces,we prove the Holder continuity of the solutions.Then we obtain the existence of global classical solutions.The present work can be viewed as an extension to the previous work on the Cahn-Hilliard equation with concentration dependent mobility and potential.展开更多
Lu3Al5O12(LuAG) thin films with different Tb^3+ concentration were prepared on carefully cleaned (111 ) silicon wafer by a Peehini process and dip-coating technique. Heat treatment was performed in the temperatur...Lu3Al5O12(LuAG) thin films with different Tb^3+ concentration were prepared on carefully cleaned (111 ) silicon wafer by a Peehini process and dip-coating technique. Heat treatment was performed in the temperature range from 800 to 1100 ℃. The crystal structure was analyzed by XRD. The results show that LuAG film starts to crystallize at about 900 ℃, and the particle size increases with the sintering temperature. Excitation and emission spectra of Tb^3+ doped LuAG films were measured. The effects of heat-treatment temperature and doping concentration of Th3 + on the luminescent properties were also investigated. For a comparison study, Th^3+-doped LuAG powders were also prepared by the same sol-gel method.展开更多
In this paper we investigate the initial boundary value problem of Cahn-Hilliard equation with concentration dependent mobility and gradient dependent potential.By the energy method and the theory of Campanato spaces,...In this paper we investigate the initial boundary value problem of Cahn-Hilliard equation with concentration dependent mobility and gradient dependent potential.By the energy method and the theory of Campanato spaces,we prove the existence and the uniqueness of classical solutions in 3-dimensional space.展开更多
Pesticide leaching is a great threat in low organic carbon soils when subjected to improper irrigation scheduling.Limited data are available on the sorption and leaching potential of pesticides in agricultural soils o...Pesticide leaching is a great threat in low organic carbon soils when subjected to improper irrigation scheduling.Limited data are available on the sorption and leaching potential of pesticides in agricultural soils of Pakistan with low soil organic carbon(SOC).Lysimeter and field studies were conducted with and without manure application at two irrigation levels in a wheat-fallowmaize rotation in Faisalabad,Punjab,Pakistan.Isoproturon was applied to wheat 55 d after sowing at 1 kg active ingredient(a.i.)ha^(-1),while atrazine was sprayed on maize 30 d after sowing at 0.774 kg a.i.ha^(-1).Soil was sampled from three depths(0-35,35-70,and 70-110 cm) for the field study and four depths(0-35,35-70,70-115,and 115-160 cm) for the lysimeter study,280 and 65 d after application of isoproturon and atrazine,respectively.The soil-water partition coefficients(K_d) of isoproturon and atrazine ranged from 0.3 to 1.2 and 0.4 to 1.5 L kg^(-1),respectively,and increased linearly with increase in SOC contents.The organic carbon-normalized soil-water partition coefficient(K_(oc)) of isoproturon and atrazine averaged 246.1 and 184.9 L kg^(-1),respectively,being higher with low spiking concentration.Isoproturon residues measured 280 d after application ranged from 2.1% to 3.6% of the applied mass in the lysimeter study and from 1.5% to 3.1% under field conditions.Atrazine residues 65 d after application ranged from only 0.62% to 0.78% and from 0.88% to 0.82% in the lysimeter and field studies,respectively.The lowest levels of residues for both pesticides were observed with frequent irrigation applied to manure-amended soil.A pesticide leaching risk screening tool,the ground water ubiquity score(GUS),indicated that in the absence of manure under both irrigation levels,isoproturon has a leaching potential(GUS = 2.8),while with the application of manure it has a very low leaching risk.Atrazine GUS ranged from 1.7 to 1.9,indicating a very low risk of leaching.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Chinese National Basic Research Project "Macromolecular Condensed State" and National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The concentration dependence of the reduced viscosity of dilute polymer solution is interpreted in the light of a new concept of the self-association of polymer chains in dilute solution. The apparent self-association constant is defined as the molar association constant divided by the molar mass of individual polymer chain and is numerically interconvertible with the Huggins coefficient. The molar association constant is directly proportional to the effective hydrodynamic volume of the polymer chain in solution and is irrespective of the chain architecture. The effective hydrodynamic volume accounts for the non-spherical conformation of a short polymer chain in solution and is a product of a shape factor and hydrodynamic volume. The observed enhancement of Huggins coefficient for short chain and branched polymer is satisfactorily interpreted by the concept of self-association. The concept of self-association allows us to predict the existence of a boundary concentration C-s(dynamic contact concentration) which divides the dilute polymer solution into two regions.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Project for Fundamental Research "Macromolecular Condensed State", the State Science and Technology Commission of China and the Science Foundation of Polymer Physics Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Polystyrene films were adsorbed onto a silver surface from dichloromethane solutions with concentrations of 0.1 to 12 wt%, and then studied by the surface enhanced Raman technique. A critical concentration for coil interpenetration was observed.
文摘Electrical conductivity of chromium polyacrylate with dopant concentration 30, 40 and 50 wt-% of chromium has been measured over a broad range of temperatures (303 K to 383 K).The electrical conductivity shows dependence on temperature, as well as, level of doping. The conductivity is considered to be due to thermal hopping motion of localized charge carriers,which are believed to be polarons, in the temperature range 303 K to 323 K and for T>343 K,whereas. it is metal-like in the temperature range 323 K to 343 K
基金The NSF(11001103)the SRFDP(200801831002) of China
文摘In this paper we consider the initial boundary value problem of Cahn-Hilliard equation with concentration dependent mobility and gradient dependent potential. By the L^P type estimates and the theory of Morrey spaces,we prove the Holder continuity of the solutions.Then we obtain the existence of global classical solutions.The present work can be viewed as an extension to the previous work on the Cahn-Hilliard equation with concentration dependent mobility and potential.
基金Project supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Programof China(863 Program) (2002 AA324070) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50332050)
文摘Lu3Al5O12(LuAG) thin films with different Tb^3+ concentration were prepared on carefully cleaned (111 ) silicon wafer by a Peehini process and dip-coating technique. Heat treatment was performed in the temperature range from 800 to 1100 ℃. The crystal structure was analyzed by XRD. The results show that LuAG film starts to crystallize at about 900 ℃, and the particle size increases with the sintering temperature. Excitation and emission spectra of Tb^3+ doped LuAG films were measured. The effects of heat-treatment temperature and doping concentration of Th3 + on the luminescent properties were also investigated. For a comparison study, Th^3+-doped LuAG powders were also prepared by the same sol-gel method.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.11001103)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (Grant No.200801831002)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No.20100481229)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘In this paper we investigate the initial boundary value problem of Cahn-Hilliard equation with concentration dependent mobility and gradient dependent potential.By the energy method and the theory of Campanato spaces,we prove the existence and the uniqueness of classical solutions in 3-dimensional space.
基金funded by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan under Indigenous 5000-Fellowship Program(PIN,No.063171189Av3-077)International Research Support Initiative Program(IRSIP,No.1-8/HEC/HRD/2009/671),University of Minnesota,USA
文摘Pesticide leaching is a great threat in low organic carbon soils when subjected to improper irrigation scheduling.Limited data are available on the sorption and leaching potential of pesticides in agricultural soils of Pakistan with low soil organic carbon(SOC).Lysimeter and field studies were conducted with and without manure application at two irrigation levels in a wheat-fallowmaize rotation in Faisalabad,Punjab,Pakistan.Isoproturon was applied to wheat 55 d after sowing at 1 kg active ingredient(a.i.)ha^(-1),while atrazine was sprayed on maize 30 d after sowing at 0.774 kg a.i.ha^(-1).Soil was sampled from three depths(0-35,35-70,and 70-110 cm) for the field study and four depths(0-35,35-70,70-115,and 115-160 cm) for the lysimeter study,280 and 65 d after application of isoproturon and atrazine,respectively.The soil-water partition coefficients(K_d) of isoproturon and atrazine ranged from 0.3 to 1.2 and 0.4 to 1.5 L kg^(-1),respectively,and increased linearly with increase in SOC contents.The organic carbon-normalized soil-water partition coefficient(K_(oc)) of isoproturon and atrazine averaged 246.1 and 184.9 L kg^(-1),respectively,being higher with low spiking concentration.Isoproturon residues measured 280 d after application ranged from 2.1% to 3.6% of the applied mass in the lysimeter study and from 1.5% to 3.1% under field conditions.Atrazine residues 65 d after application ranged from only 0.62% to 0.78% and from 0.88% to 0.82% in the lysimeter and field studies,respectively.The lowest levels of residues for both pesticides were observed with frequent irrigation applied to manure-amended soil.A pesticide leaching risk screening tool,the ground water ubiquity score(GUS),indicated that in the absence of manure under both irrigation levels,isoproturon has a leaching potential(GUS = 2.8),while with the application of manure it has a very low leaching risk.Atrazine GUS ranged from 1.7 to 1.9,indicating a very low risk of leaching.