Conceptual Metaphors in Chinese Political Speeches——A Case Study of Xi Jinping's 2016 New Year Address

As a sort of cognitive means and thinking mode,conceptual metaphor is widely applied to political discourses.Statesmen often publicize their political thoughts by using conceptual metaphors in their political discourses so that the audience can understand their political ideas easily.Based on the Conceptual Metaphor Theory,this paper aims to analyze the conceptual metaphors in Xi Jinping's 2016 New Year address so as to summarize the types,functions and significance of conceptual metaphors in Chinese political discourses,in the hope of helping readers interpret political speeches better.

A Study on Conceptual Metaphors in the Report on the Work of the Government (2020)

The Report on the work of government(2020)is an annually political discourse,which provides a consistent topic to linguistic research.And conceptual metaphor provided by George Lakoff,is an important part of cognitive linguistics and a way of discourse analysis.From the perspective of conceptual metaphor,this study explores proportion and distribution of conceptual metaphor used in the discourse,and analyzes the function of major metaphors.It is proved that there are totally 12 categories of metaphors,which are made up of 8 major metaphor and 4 minor metaphor.The major metaphors function hierarchically and reflect effect of epidemic represented in the discourse.By analyzing the conceptual metaphor in the discourse,it is expected to shade a light on the understanding of metaphor illustration of the discourse.

An Analysis of Conceptual Metaphors in Economic Discourse

As a cognitive tool,conceptual metaphor permeates in economic discourse.It plays an important role in interpreting economic activities,as well as keeping abreast with economic trends.Through summarization and observation,this paper analyzes the conceptual metaphor in economic discourse,and draws the conclusion that the utilization of conceptual metaphor in economic discourse not only has theoretical functions at a discourse level,but also the practical significance in enlightening economic activities.

A Study of Conceptual Metaphors in Obama's Weekly Addresses

Conceptual metaphor plays an important role in delivering political speeches for it can make abstract and complicated political concepts into clear and vivid statements. Therefore, it is often used by politicians. The American President Barack Obama often utilizes metaphors in his speeches and good at utilizing them. The weekly address is a typical representative of political discourse. This article is intended to analyze the conceptual metaphors used in Obama's weekly addresses on the basis of the conceptual metaphor theory proposed by Lakoff and Johnson.The analysis shows that there are three categories of conceptual metaphors used frequently in Obama's weekly addresses, which can be learned that how Obama uses conceptual metaphors to make speeches more vivid.

Corpus-Driven Analysis of Conceptual Metaphor in Artificial Intelligence Language:A Sample of ChatGPT-Written Speeches

Based on Conceptual Metaphor Theory(CMT),this paper creates a tiny corpus of ChatGPT-written speeches.Through employing a corpus-driven approach,this study analyzes the identification and utilization of conceptual metaphors in artificial intelligence(AI)languages.The AI demonstrated its capacity to utilize metaphors in the metaphoric corpora through the display of diversity,non-arbitrariness,repetition,and intersectionality in the selection of source domains.It often uses vocabulary combinations with clear similarities to establish metaphorical meaning.In the literal sense,the outcomes of metaphor identification by artificial intelligence differ significantly from those of humans.Therefore,there is a need to develop advanced automatic models for identifying metaphors in order to enhance the precision of metaphor identification consistently.

A Study of the English Translation of Positive Emotions from the Perspective of Conceptual Metaphor

experience shared by human beings,but it is often expressed in the form of conceptual metaphor which is pervasive in the concrete language.Drawing upon the theory of conceptual metaphor and emotion metaphors,this paper aims to study the translation of positive emotions in David Hawkes’version of The Story of the Stone and the related daily expressions as the corpus.According to the theories,this paper categorizes the positive emotions metaphors into body metaphors,sensory metaphors,entity metaphors,and orientational metaphors to discuss the process of English translation and the metaphorical mechanism,analyzes the similarities and differences between Chinese and English expressions of positive emotions and their cultural,physiological,and psychological motives,and lastly attempts to summarize the translation strategies of emotional expressions.The analysis of metaphorical mechanisms reveals that the common physiological and psychological experiences of human beings and cultural exchanges give rise to similarities,while the unique cultural environments,antecedents,and historical development of each nation give rise to their distinctiveness.This paper concludes that translators need to make full use of their subjectivity,understand the surface and underlying meaning of the text,and establish a high level of mental compatibility between themselves,the readers,and the author.

The Coherent Function of Conceptual Metaphor in Political Address

Adopting Lakoff & Johnson's conceptual metaphor theory as theoretical framework and president Obama's State of the Union Address in 2011 as research corpus,the analysis is carried out from two perspectives to probe into the coherent function of metaphor:one is coherence constructed by a single conceptual metaphor,the other is coherence constructed by more than one conceptual metaphor.

Study of Idioms Based on the Conceptual Metaphor Theory

On the production and understanding of the idioms, cognitive linguists put forward totally different opinions from the traditional linguistic theory. One enduring belief about the arbitrariness of English idioms is that they are non-componential, because their idiomatic meanings are not deducible from the meaning of their individual parts. According to"conceptual metaphor"theory, which are proposed by cognitive linguists Lakoff and Johnson: Metaphor is a mapping that from one more familiar, more easily understanding source domain to a less familiar, more difficult target domain. The paper studies on the idiomaticity and the motivation of the idioms based on the"conceptual metaphor"theory from the perspective of cognitive linguistics.

A Corpus-based Contrastive Study of Conceptual Metaphor-A Case Study of English and Chinese Financial Reporting

Up to now there have been no contrastive studies of conceptual metaphor in English and Chinese economic field. In this paper, a corpus-based approach is adopted in comparing the conceptual metaphors in Chinese financial reporting (CFR) with those in English financial reporting (EFR). To make a contrastive study, this paper categorizes the conceptual metaphors identified in two corpora into two parts: same conceptual metaphors and different conceptual metaphors, and for the analysis of each conceptual metaphor, linguistic entity, frequency and percentage are taken as the three standards for comparison, which is analyzed with Concapp.

Translation of Horse Image in Shijing——From the Perspective of Conceptual Metaphor

Shijing, the first anthology of poem in ancient China, contains 305 pieces of poems which mirrors the life, tradition and beliefs of people three thousand years ago. Focusing on the most frequently used subject, the"horse"image in Shijing, this paper concluded its metaphorical meaning and analyzed the English translation by Xu Yuanchong from the perspective of conceptual metaphor proposed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in the light of preserving the metaphor and culture.

A Cognitive Study of “Head” Metaphors in English and Chinese

In point of cognitive view,metaphor is not only an ornamental devices used in rhetorical style,but also a kind of powerful cogni-tive tools for our conceptualization of the world and a thinking way of humanity.Human beings' cognition rule determines that humanbody and organs are the basis of human experience.People know the objective world through the metaphorical cognition of human bodyinitially,and the human-body metaphor is the most general way of thinking for the primitive people.Head is considered an importantpart of human body and head behaves abundant metaphor properties.Based on the English and Chinese corpus,this paper has made acontrastive study on the metaphoric features of expressions involving the Chinese"Tou"and English"Head",throughing light on similar-ities and differences in metaphorical construction and operation mechanism.

Conceptual Metaphor in Computer English

With the development of cognitive linguistics,a traditional view on metaphor that metaphor is a figure of speech has been challenged.A new cognitive view has taken its place:metaphor is not just a language phenomenon,but a "cognitive instrument" in nature.Metaphor has played an important role in understanding computer English and transferring scientific concepts.This thesis aims at making a systematic study on computer metaphors through the conceptual metaphor theory by taking screen English of computer as linguistic materials,and showing that conceptual metaphors can efficiently help people to understand and remember computer lexicons and expressions.

A Study of the Plant Metaphors in Book of Poetry

Metaphor,as a systematic expression of human thinking,action and thought,is not only a form of language expression,but also a universal cognitive mode of human beings.Book of Poetry,containing a large number of metaphors,is a classical work of human civilization.By studying the metaphors in Book of Poetry,the thinking process of the people in the pre-Qin Dynasty can be fully understood.Based on the conceptual metaphor theory of Lakoff and Johnson,taking Book of Poetry as the corpus,this paper aims to explore the plant metaphors in the poetry.According to the different target domain,in this paper,the plant metaphors in Book of Poetry are classified into metaphors for virtue,for beautiful things,for blessing and for feeling,and some corresponding examples are used to elaborate them.This study is of great significance to the appreciation and dissemination of Chinese classical poetry.At the same time,by studying classical Chinese cultural works,the cross-language and cross-cultural characteristics of conceptual metaphor theory are proved.

The Formation of Slytherin's Concept in the Books Harry Potter Series from the Perspective of Conceptual Metaphor and Metonymy Theory

Harry Potter series, as well-known children's literature, possess plenty of invented words by their author, J.K. Rowling. While reading, people yet have no difficulty in understanding those words by means of conceptual metaphor and metonymy.This paper selected one such kind of words,"Slytherin", from the books and analyzed the mapping process of the formation of its concept. First of all, its source word"slithering"reminds people of snake, whose features including coldness, mystery and implied death has been mapped into the concept of"Slytherin". Also the features of flag colors(green and silver), and persons in Slytherin all contribute to the formation of its concept. Finally two practical examples will be analyzed.

A Study on the Explanation of Conceptual Metaphor in English Business News

In English business news discourses, there are numerous financial words or terms which are quite difficult for readers to under-stand, especially those ones built on the basis of metaphorical mechanism. Conceptual Metaphor has a strong power to explain the cor-rect meaning of these words with their specific types of metaphors. Through the explanation of the meaning construction of the metaphori-cal words, it can be a great help for the news readers to master the accurate and deep-seated messages in the discourse. Simultaneously,it gives the reader an insight into the English culture in order to grasp the international economic trends and makes them accomplishcross-cultural communication task with ease.

Conceptual Metaphor and Its Development

Traditional metaphor theory regards metaphor as a rhetorical device,but conceptual metaphor theory in cognitive linguis⁃tics believes that metaphor is also a universal way of thinking and a cognitive method which people can use to know the unknown.This paper mainly summarizes conceptual metaphor theory,discusses its contribution towards cognitive linguistics and its impor⁃tant developments—the blending theory.This study will benefit the further metaphor researching and language teaching.

Cognitive View on Metaphor and Polysemy Learning

Language is a product of human cognition.It is of great importance and necessity to study the role of metaphor in foreign language learning and teaching.The paper is intended as a trial to develop a metaphorical cognitive approach to aid the learner of English as a foreign language,especially in polysemy learning since it has been a big problem in foreign language learning area.Metaphor plays a positive role and produces better results than the traditional approach in vocabulary learning.The metaphor approach is a powerful strategy in vocabulary comprehension,retention,and production.Teachers and researchers must shoulder the responsibility to carry out close examinations of linguistic metaphors instantiating the underlying conceptual metaphors by analyzing and establishing corpora to better established metaphor systems.

Study on the English Creative Noun-Noun Compounds:Based on Metaphorical Thinking

Creative N+N compounds,also known as metaphor or metonymy N+N compounds,are a productive approach to form new words.This category of words is large in number and semantically complex.Research has demonstrated that the creativity of creative N+N compounds stems from the abstract and figurative thinking of people’s cognitive mechanisms.Abstract thinking facilitates the construction of abstract concepts of nouns,while figurative thinking draws connections within and between noun concepts through association and imagination.Metaphor is a source of creative words and meanings,and Lakoff and Johnson’s conceptual metaphor theory is a favorable illustration of this innovative process.Additionally,it contributes to the development of cognitive thinking skills and creative abilities.The study of creative N+N compounds helps English learners expand their vocabulary,enhance their lexical sensitivity,and promote metaphorical thinking.From a cognitive linguistic perspective,this study focuses on the cognitive mechanisms of creative N+N compounds and reveals their advantageous implications for English vocabulary teaching.

Analysis of Functions of Metaphor in Computer English

Metaphor is a universal language skill in daily life.It is also pervasive in computer English,which is not realized by most people.However,Lakoff's conceptual metaphor theory provides us an opportunity to pay close attention to these metaphors in computer English and offers us a new way to explore and learn computer English.Based on the conceptual metaphor theory,this paper presents a cognitive analysis on the functions of metaphor in computer English,especially its cognitive function and economical function.