The basic core traditional C hinese medicine for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and its active mechanisms

Background:COVID-19 has had a dramatic impact on human health,economies,societies,and livelihoods around the world.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)formulae have played an important role in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.WHO evaluated the role of TCM in treating of COVID-19 and encouraged other countries to promote the use of TCM formulae.However,the key is to find the basic core traditional Chinese medicine(BC-TCM)among those formulae.Methods:For the first time,we mined the data of TCM formulae in CNIPA and analyzed herb characteristics and association rules.We then determined the BC-TCM and screened main compounds and therapeutic targets.Finally,the potential molecular mechanisms were explored by using enrichment analyses and molecular docking.Results:This study screened 123 patented TCM formulae,including 312 herbs.According to frequency statistics and association rules,nine herbs(Gan Cao,Jin Yinhua,Guang Huoxiang,Fu Ling,Huang Qi,Jie Geng,Lian Qiao,Cang Zhu,Ku Xingren)were selected as the BC-TCM.The BC-TCM involved 166 main compounds and 48 therapeutic targets.The active compounds Hederagenin,Spinasterol,Beta-sitosterol,and Liquiritin had high binding activity to the COVID-19 targets 3CL,ACE2,and core targets RELA,HSP90AA1,STAT3,MAPK3,and TP53 according to molecular docking results.Interestingly,Hederagenin might be a potential compound for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.Conclusion:Our research predicted and confirmed the preventive therapeutic effect of BC-TCM on COVID-19.This has the potential to broaden the scope of TCM,guide people in using clinical formulae,and provide valuable insights for future TCM discovery research.

Use of Non-Verbal Representations to Define Concept of Pulse Conditions in Traditional Chinese Medicine Standards

The standardization of terms and definitions is fundamental to all activities in the domain of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).For decades,definitions of TCM terminology relied on conventional verbal representations to differentiate between related concepts.However,the ancient Chinese is obscure and comprises a massive volume of information,making it difficult to convey the definition accurately in other languages.This article proposes a potential solution that the definition for pulse terminology can be supplemented by modern means of non-verbal representation,i.e.,using pulse waveform graphs and parameters to complete the definition of each pulse.A discussion of the challenges of obtaining reliable data is also included.

A preliminary study on the properties of red traditional Chinese medicine

Objective: From the aspect of meridian tropism, this paper makes a preliminary discussion on the medicinal properties of red traditional Chinese medicine belonging to the heart meridian, with a view to providing a reference for the further study of the relationship between the color of traditional Chinese medicine and its medicinal properties. Method: Based on clinical practice and modern pharmacology, pharmacochemistry and other research, this paper analyzed the material basis of red traditional Chinese medicine belonging to the heart meridian. Result: Finally, it was found that most of the chemical constituents of red traditional Chinese medicine were flavonols, and their pharmacological effects were related to cardiovascular system. Conclusion: Red Chinese medicine belonging to the heart meridian has a certain theoretical basis and modern research basis, which can provide a reference to the further study of the relationship between color and drug properties of Chinese medicine in the future.

Study on Agricultural Intellectual Property Protection and High-Quality Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ginseng

Agricultural intellectual property has the functions of carrying forward agricultural cultural heritage,encouraging agricultural scientific and technological innovation,cultivating the brand of agricultural products and so on. The protection and application of agricultural intellectual property rights can enhance the vitality,innovation and competitiveness of agricultural economy,and promote the strategy of high-quality agricultural development and rural revitalization. Ginseng is a traditional medicinal variety with superior characteristics in Northeast China,and it is one of the most famous " three treasures" in Northeast China. This paper introduces ginseng( Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.) and its medicinal value,analyzes the traditional knowledge,biological genetic resources,new plant varieties,patents,geographical indications,trademarks and other agricultural intellectual property resources of ginseng,studies the traditional Chinese medicine GAP certification and certification of " Three Agricultural Products" and the construction of the dominant area of agricultural product( Fusong ginseng) with Chinese characteristics,and explores the rural revitalization strategy and traditional Chinese medicine development strategy,ginseng agricultural intellectual property protection and high quality development strategy.

Property theory of Chinese materia medica: Clinical pharmacodynamics of traditional Chinese medicine

The property theory of Chinese materia medica is one of the foundations of traditional Chinese medicine.The property of Chinese materia medica(PCMM)is a multi-dimensional expression of the effect of Chinese materia medica(CMM),and it is related to the clinical prescription that fully reflects the clinical effect evaluation of CMM in a holistic,systematic,and scientific way.This paper discusses the source,development,and application of the PCMM by considering not only the five dimensions that constitute the PCMM but also the recognition of the human body and disease as given in traditional Chinese medicine.This paper aims to provide theoretical guidance for the rational use and development of CMM.

Discussion on the Application of Ascending and Descending Property of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Compatibility of Clinical Prescriptions

Through the method of literature mining,the classics of traditional Chinese medicine,materia medica works,medical cases and documents are studied.Based on common prescriptions for the treatment of diseases such as abnormal Zang-fu viscera and qi movement,dysfunction,etc.,and combined with the theory of ascending and descending property of traditional Chinese medicine,the application of ascending and descending property of traditional Chinese medicine in clinical prescription compatibility and the factors affecting the application are summarized.The ascending and descending properties of traditional Chinese medicine have been widely used in prescription compatibility for the clinical treatment of impairment of purifying and descending function of the lung,spleen and stomach's ascending and descending disorders and heart-kidney noninteractionpatte.

Protection of Intellectual Property and Authenticity of Chinese Herbal Medicine Chrysanthemum morifolium

This paper first introduced Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. and its medicinal value. Then, it studied agricultural intellectual property resources such as geographical indications, trademarks, patents, new plant varieties, biological genetic resources, and traditional knowledge related to C. morifolium . Finally, it summarized poverty-stricken areas ecologically suitable for planting C. morifolium , analyzed the GAP certification of C. morifolium , pollution-free agricultural product certification, green food certification, and organic food certification, and discussed the strategies for C. morifolium intellectual property protection and authenticity protection in the context of TCM development strategy and rural revitalization strategy.

From ancient wisdom to modern science:Gut microbiota sheds light on property theory of traditional Chinese medicine

The property theory of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has been practiced for thousands of years,playing a pivotal role in the clinical application of TCM. While advancements in energy metabolism,chemical composition analysis, machine learning, ion current modeling, and supercritical fluid technology have provided valuable insight into how aspects of TCM property theory may be measured, these studies only capture specific aspects of TCM property theory in isolation, overlooking the holistic perspective inherent in TCM. To systematically investigate the modern interpretation of the TCM property theory from multidimensional perspectives, we consulted the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition) to compile a list of Chinese materia medica(CMM). Then, using the Latin names of each CMM and gut microbiota as keywords, we searched the PubMed database for relevant research on gut microbiota and CMM. The regulatory patterns of different herbs on gut microbiota were then summarized from the perspectives of the four natures, the five flavors and the meridian tropism. In terms of the four natures, we found that warm-natured medicines promoted the colonization of specific beneficial bacteria,while cold-natured medicines boosted populations of some beneficial bacteria while suppressing pathogenic bacteria. Analysis of the five flavors revealed that sweet-flavored and bitter-flavored CMMs positively influenced beneficial bacteria while inhibiting harmful bacteria. CMMs with different meridian tropism exhibited complex modulative patterns on gut microbiota, with Jueyin(Liver) and Taiyin(Lung) meridian CMMs generally exerting a stronger effect. The gut microbiota may be a biological indicator for characterizing the TCM property theory, which not only enhances our understanding of classic TCM theory but also contributes to its scientific advancement and application in healthcare.

In silico method for studying property combination of traditional Chinese herbs

Objective:This paper discusses the composition of prescription qualitative,quantitative design principles and methods based on herbal property combination,describing the method application in new prescription design.Method:Qualitative property-combination pattern(PP)calculation was based on bipartite graphing and performing a greedy algorithm which was designed to optimize obtaining a new herbal prescription.Quantitative PP calculation was based on the qualitative computation.To calculate the Euclidean distance for the PP of the new prescription,an optimized algorithm for solving the unknown minimum Euclidean distance was used with,the new weighted proportions.Finally,non-linear optimization software was used to find the minimum Euclidean distance.Results:Using the PP of classic prescription Large Yin-Nourishing Pill,applying quantitative PP calculation a new prescription was created.Mathematical algorithms based on property combinations of traditional Chinese herbs can be applied to identify compatibility and synergies of herbs within prescriptions,especially classic formulas.Conclusion:In silico methods can then be used to create new prescriptions or modify existing ones depending on need.This type of automated approach may increase efficiency in designing new drugs based on Chinese herbs.

An improved association-mining research for exploring Chinese herbal property theory: based on data of the Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica

Knowledge Discovery in Databases is gaining attention and raising new hopes for traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） researchers. It is a useful tool in understanding and deciphering TCM theories. Aiming for a better understanding of Chinese herbal property theory （CHPT）, this paper performed an improved association rule learning to analyze semistructured text in the book entitled Shennong＇s Classic of Materia Medica. The text was firstly annotated and transformed to well-structured multidimensional data. Subsequently, an Apriori algorithm was employed for producing association rules after the sensitivity analysis of parameters. From the confirmed 120 resulting rules that described the intrinsic relationships between herbal property （qi, flavor and their combinations） and herbal efficacy, two novel fundamental principles underlying CHPT were acquired and further elucidated： （1） the many-to-one mapping of herbal efficacy to herbal property; （2） the nonrandom overlap between the related efficacy of qi and flavor. This work provided an innovative knowledge about CHPT, which would be helpful for its modern research.

基于文献计量分析皮内针疗法适宜病症与临床应用进展

目的基于文献计量分析皮内针疗法的临床文献,探讨皮内针疗法的适宜病症与临床应用进展。方法通过计算机检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库(Wanfang data)和维普中文期刊数据库中与皮内针疗法相关的临床研究文献,应用文献计量学的方法对皮内针疗法发文量、病谱和适宜病症进行分析。结果临床涉及论文共2220篇,近10年发文量显著增长。皮内针疗法临床涉及病症208种。一级适宜病症为手术后疼痛、失眠症、偏瘫、面神经麻痹;二级适宜病症为肩痛、颈椎病、癌痛、膝骨关节炎、腰椎间盘移位、便秘、头痛;三级适宜病症为带状疱疹、遗尿、放化疗后不良反应、变应性鼻炎、呃逆、面肌痉挛;四级适宜病症包括痛经、高血压、糖尿病、胃肠功能紊乱、痹证、吞咽障碍、腰扭伤、肥胖症。结论皮内针疗法是近年来的临床研究热点,其治疗疾病以痛症居多,其次为各类慢性病。不同针具中,揿针的应用受到广泛关注。

《神农本草经》与《中国药典》2020年版对中药四气五味表述异同分析

目的明确《神农本草经》与现代中药四气五味表述的差异,为进一步指导临床合理用药提供参考。方法以《神农本草经》收载的365种中药为来源进行统计,《中国药典》2020年版和《临床用药须知》(2015版)收录《神农本草经》记载的药物为研究对象,建立数据库,对比分析中药“四气”“五味”的表述差异。结果本研究共统计203种中药,其中中药四气表述完全不相同的有66种,占32.51%;中药五味表述完全不一致的有20种,占9.85%。结论通过对比《中国药典》《临床用药须知》与《神农本草经》中药“四气”“五味”,大部分中药表述一致,表述不一致的中药值得进一步深入研究。

中医药传统知识专门保护制度构建研究

中医药传统知识是中医药的核心内容,兼具卫生、经济、科技、文化、生态五重资源价值。目前中医药传统知识面临国外不当占有、盗用,国内传承、保护不力的双重困局,现行法律制度无法实现全面、系统保护,建立专门保护制度已成为必然选择。专门保护制度需要解决四个核心问题:对外防御侵占和不当占有,对内保护持有人权利并规范知识的获取与利用,化解持有人利益与社会公共利益之间的矛盾,处理与现行法律制度的衔接。在此基础上,提出构建中医药传统知识专门保护制度的四个机制,即阻却外国不当专利申请的防御机制、持有人权利保护机制、持有人利益与社会公共利益平衡机制、与现行法律制度的衔接机制,以更好促进中医药传统知识的保护、传承、创新、发展。

Metabolomics coupled with similarity analysis advances the elucidation of the cold/hot properties of traditional Chinese medicines

It recently becomes an important and urgent mission for modern scientific research to identify and explain the theory of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), which has been utilized in China for more than four millennia. Since few works have been contributed to understanding the TCM theory, the mechanism of actions of drugs with cold/hot properties remains unclear. In the present study, six kinds of typical herbs with cold or hot properties were orally administered into mice, and serum and liver samples were analyzed using an untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) based metabolomics approach coupled with similarity analysis. This approach was performed to identify and quantify changes in metabolic pathways to elucidate drug actions on the treated mice. Our results showed that those drugs with same property exerted similar effects on the metabolic alterations in mouse serum and liver samples, while drugs with different property showed different effects. The effects of herbal medicines with cold/hot properties were exerted by regulating the pathways linked to glycometabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acids metabolism and other metabolic pathways. The results elucidated the differences and similarities of drugs with cold/hot properties, providing useful information on the explanation of medicinal properties of these TCMs.

生物质炭调控药用植物连作障碍的研究进展

我国是中药材种植大国,但不合理的栽培方式和管理措施导致中药材连作障碍在种植区普遍存在,造成药材减产变质、道地产区转移、资源保护与利用不协调等,严重影响药用植物生长发育。因此对中药材连作土壤进行修复是解决中药材连作障碍的一个关键措施。生物质炭一般呈碱性,是一种良好的土壤改良剂,能够增加土壤养分、改良酸化土壤、提升植物品质,近年来得到广泛关注与应用,因此利用生物质炭作为调理剂来缓解中药材连作障碍具有一定潜力。本文针对我国中药材连作障碍的可能成因及潜在危害,分析生物质炭在解决药用植物连作造成的土壤理化性质改变、土壤微生物区系改变、化感自毒危害等问题上的作用,并对生物质炭在药用植物生产上的应用潜力进行展望。

单纯收缩期高血压人群不同年龄和血压梯度的脉图分析研究

目的探讨单纯收缩期高血压(ISH)人群不同年龄和血压梯度的脉图参数特征,为ISH人群发病风险预警及治疗提供中医数据化辅助诊断依据。方法将纳入的550例样本根据血压情况分为正常组235例,ISH组315例;运用PDA-1型脉诊仪及分析系统采集及分析不同年龄段、不同血压梯度ISH人群的脉图差异及特征信息,探讨脉图参数对评估ISH人群发病风险的应用价值。结果①与正常组比较,ISH组h_(1)、h_(3)、h_(4)、t_(4)/t_(5)显著增大(P<0.05),t_(5)显著延长(P<0.05),h_(4)/h_(1)显著减小(P<0.05)。②ISH组h_(1)、h_(3)、t_(4)/t_(5)、w_(1)/t、w_(2)/t随着年龄的增加而显著增大,h_(4)、t_(1)、t_(4)、t_(5)、h_(3)/h_(1)亦随着年龄的增加而增大,虽在≥60岁年龄段波动下降,但整体趋势是增加的;h_(5)、h_(4)/h_(1)随着年龄的增加而显著减小。③ISH组h_(1)、h_(3)、t_(4)、t_(4)/t_(5)、w_(1)/t、w_(2)/t随着血压梯度的增加而显著增大,h_(5)随着血压梯度的增加而显著减小。④Logistic回归分析结果表明,h_(3)、t_(1)、h_(4)/h_(1)、t_(4)/t_(5)、BMI、年龄、女性是ISH的风险因素(P<0.05),其中t_(1)、h_(4)/h_(1)、女性是保护因素,h_(3)、t_(4)/t_(5)、BMI、年龄是危险因素。结论随着年龄和血压梯度的增加,ISH人群的脉图参数会发生相应变化,提示脉图分析在不同年龄、血压分层的临床诊断以及发病风险评估中具有一定的参考价值。

《医学衷中参西录》治女子不月用药特点探析:从药性角度

药性理论是中医的重要组成部分,通过对药性的准确认识,可有效指导组方用药。“女子不月”首见于《黄帝内经》,意指月事不来、闭经。通过从药性角度对《医学衷中参西录》中治疗女子不月诸方的用药特点进行分析,发现张锡纯治不月喜用性平之品,五味常用甘、苦、辛,以健脾益胃、活血通经;重视冲脉,归经与脾、胃、肺、肾、肝、心经均有关;承《神农本草经》之旨,对药物有独特见解,胜病为主,敢于用毒;药物配伍合理,升降相因,气机平衡。该研究可为治疗闭经临床用药提供思路。

冠心病病人体质与脉象的相关性

目的:基于体病相关理论探索冠心病病人中医体质分布,结合中医脉诊分析体质与脉象的相关性。方法:选取北京中医药大学东方医院2021年5月31日—11月30日行冠状动脉造影确诊为冠心病的病人,通过量表辨识中医体质,切诊确定脉象,整理冠心病人群体质与脉象特征,采用Spearman相关性分析法分析体质与脉象的相关性。结果:共纳入271例冠心病病人,其体质分布多见痰湿质,为67例(24.7%),其次分别为瘀血质52例(19.2%)、阴虚质45例(16.6%)、气虚质30例(11.1%)、湿热质30例(11.1%)。脉象出现频率>10%的有弦脉(143例,占52.8%)、沉脉(74例,占27.3%)、滑脉(31例,占11.4%)。Spearman相关分析显示,弦脉与气虚质呈负相关(r=-0.137,P<0.05),沉脉与气虚质呈正相关(r=0.153,P<0.05),沉脉与湿热质呈负相关(r=-0.137,P<0.05),滑脉与湿热质呈正相关(r=0.206,P<0.01)。结论:脉象可反映体质倾向,冠心病病人沉脉与气虚质呈正相关,滑脉与湿热质呈正相关,体质与脉象存在一定相关性。

ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND MEDICAL PROPERTIES OF ANTICOMPLEMENT AGENTS FROM TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINES

The inappropriate activation of complement system may cause some life-threatening symptoms such as rheumatoid arthritis,systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)and acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).In our efforts to obtain natural anticomplement agents from traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)for prevention and treatment of the complement-associated diseases。

古今蜚蠊的药性、功效与临床应用考证

蜚蠊又名蟑螂,作为传统“四害”之一,鲜有报道总结其作为传统中药的药性、功效与临床配伍应用。以美洲大蠊为代表的蜚蠊科昆虫药用历史悠久,在多种疾病治疗方面展现出良好的药效作用,但其他蜚蠊昆虫如澳洲大蠊、东方蜚蠊没有得到足够的重视及开发、应用。为了深入开发应用蜚蠊科昆虫类药物,首先需要了解其作为药物是否有效,故通过查阅大量本草和医药典籍,从药性、功效、临床应用三方面进行了考证,以挖掘有害昆虫的药用价值,为人类健康服务。