Lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries and lithium-selenium(Li-Se) batteries,as environmental protection energy storage systems with outstanding theoretical specific capacities and high energy densities,have become the hotspo...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries and lithium-selenium(Li-Se) batteries,as environmental protection energy storage systems with outstanding theoretical specific capacities and high energy densities,have become the hotspots of current researches.Besides,elemental S(Se) raw materials are widely sourced and their production costs are both low,which make them considered one of the new generations of high energy density electrochemical energy storage systems with the most potential for development.However,poor conductivity of elemental S/Se and the notorious "shuttle effect" of lithium polysulfides(polyselenides) severely hinder the commercialization of Li-S/Se batteries.Thanks to the excellent electrical conductivity and strong absorption of lithium polysulfide(polyselenide) about electronically conducting polymer,some of the above thorny problems have been effectively alleviated.The review presents the fundamental studies and current development trends of common electronically conducting polymers in various components of Li-S/Se batteries,which involves polyaniline(PANI) polypyrrole(PPy),and polythiophene(PTh) with its derivatives,e.g.polyethoxythiophene(PEDOT) and poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS).Finally,the review not only summarizes the research directions and challenges facing the application of electronically conducting polymers,but also looks forward to the development prospects of them,which will provide a way for the practical use of electronically conducting polymers in Li-S/Se batteries with outstanding electrochemical properties in the short run.展开更多
We report chemical vapor phase polymerization(VPP) deposition of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT) and PEDOT/graphene on porous dielectric tantalum pentoxide(Ta_2O_5) surface as cathode films for solid tantalum ...We report chemical vapor phase polymerization(VPP) deposition of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT) and PEDOT/graphene on porous dielectric tantalum pentoxide(Ta_2O_5) surface as cathode films for solid tantalum electrolyte capacitors. The modified oxidant/oxidant-graphene films were first deposited on Ta_2O_5 by dip-coating, and VPP process was subsequently utilized to transfer oxidant/oxidant-graphene into PEDOT/PEDOT-graphene films. The SEM images showed PEDOT/PEDOT-graphene films was successfully constructed on porous Ta_2O_5 surface through VPP deposition, and a solid tantalum electrolyte capacitor with conducting polymer-graphene nano-composites as cathode films was constructed. The high conductivity nature of PEDOT-graphene leads to resistance decrease of cathode films and lower contact resistance between PEDOT/graphene and carbon paste. This nano-composite cathode films based capacitor showed ultralow equivalent series resistance(ESR) ca. 12 m? and exhibited excellent capacitance-frequency performance, which can keep 82% of initial capacitance at 500 KHz. The investigation on leakage current revealed that the device encapsulation process has no influence on capacitor leakage current, indicating the excellent mechanical strength of PEDOT/PEDOT-gaphene films. This high conductivity and mechanical strength of graphene-based polymer films shows promising future for electrode materials such as capacitors, organic solar cells and electrochemical energy storage devices.展开更多
We report the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of individual polypyrrole nanotubes and poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanowires in a temperature range from 300 K to 2 K. Considering the complex s...We report the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of individual polypyrrole nanotubes and poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanowires in a temperature range from 300 K to 2 K. Considering the complex structures of such quasi-one-dimensional systems with an array of ordered conductive regions separated by disordered barriers, we use the extended fluctuation-induced tunneling (FIT) and thermal excitation model (Kaiser expression) to fit the temperature and electric-field dependent I-V curves. It is found that the I-V data measured at higher temperatures or higher voltages can be well fitted by the Kaiser expression. However, the low-temperature data around the zero bias clearly deviate from those obtained from this model. The deviation (or zero-bias conductance suppression) could be possibly ascribed to the occurrence of the Coulomb-gap in the density of states near the Femi level and/or the enhancement of electron-electron interaction resulting from nanosize effects, which have been revealed in the previous studies on low-temperature electronic transport in conducting polymer films, pellets and nanostructures. In addition, similar I--V characteristics and deviation are also observed in an isolated K0.27MnO2 nanowire.展开更多
A physical model of series of the conductivity on chain and the interchain conductivitybetween chains is proposed to explain enhanced conductivity of stretched conducting polymers.This model suggests that the enhanced...A physical model of series of the conductivity on chain and the interchain conductivitybetween chains is proposed to explain enhanced conductivity of stretched conducting polymers.This model suggests that the enhanced conductivity for stretched conducting polymers might bedue to increasing of the interchain conductivity between chains along the elongation direction afterdrawing processes if the conductivity on chain is assumed much larger than that of the interchainconductivity between chains. According to this model, it is expected that the temperaturedependence of conductivity measured by four-probe method for stretched conducting polymers iscontrolled by a variation of the interchain conductivity between chains with temperature, whichcan be used to explain that a metallic temperature dependence of conductivity for stretchedconducting polymers is not observed although the conductivity along the elongation direction isenhanced by two or three orders of magnitude.展开更多
The infrared emissivity of conducting polymers in 8—20μm and at 50—150℃ in the direction of normal line has been measured as a function of wavelength, conductivity at room temperature, counterion, doping levels, m...The infrared emissivity of conducting polymers in 8—20μm and at 50—150℃ in the direction of normal line has been measured as a function of wavelength, conductivity at room temperature, counterion, doping levels, measuring temperature and thickness of sample.展开更多
We report an electrodeposited poly(pyrrole-co-pyrrolepropylic acid) copolymer modified electroactive graphene-carbon nanotubes composite deposited on a glassy carbon electrode to detect the protein antigen(cTnI). The ...We report an electrodeposited poly(pyrrole-co-pyrrolepropylic acid) copolymer modified electroactive graphene-carbon nanotubes composite deposited on a glassy carbon electrode to detect the protein antigen(cTnI). The copolymer provides pendant carboxyl groups for the site-specific covalent immobilization of protein antibody, antitroponin I. The hybrid nanocomposite was used as a transducer for biointerfacial impedance sensing for cTnI detection.The results show that the hybrid exhibits a pseudo capacitive behaviour with a maximum phase angle of 49° near 1 Hz,which is due to the inhomogeneous and porous structure of the hybrid composition. The constant phase element of copolymer is 0.61(n = 0.61), whereas, it is 0.88(n = 0.88) for the hybrid composites, indicating a comparatively homogeneous microstructure after biomolecular functionalization. The transducer shows a linear change in charge transfer characteristic(R_(et)) on cTnI immunoreaction for spiked human serum in the concentration range of 1.0 pg mL^(-1)–10.0 ng mL^(-1). The sensitivity of the transducer is 167.8 ± 14.2 Ω cm^2 per decade, and it also exhibits high specificity and good reproducibility.展开更多
Conducting polymers sensors have been very interesting that it can detect wide variety of functionalities,however these materials have to solve humidity contaminant,poor reversibility and selectivity.To improve this p...Conducting polymers sensors have been very interesting that it can detect wide variety of functionalities,however these materials have to solve humidity contaminant,poor reversibility and selectivity.To improve this problems,we investigated pretreatment such as soaking in methanol and thermal treatment in N_2.This process improved stability, reversibility and response time and recovery time.To overcome humidity contaminant coated hydrophobic polymer was reduced above 50% at RH10%.For sensor array structure was fabricated for enhancing selectivity of gas vapor.Conducting polymer sensor array had several application in environmental and medical science the method of principal component analysis.展开更多
The electrochemical preparation of polypyrrole-carboxymethylcellulose (PPY-CMC) conducting polymer composite films on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass electrode from an aqueous solution containing pyrrole monomer, pto...The electrochemical preparation of polypyrrole-carboxymethylcellulose (PPY-CMC) conducting polymer composite films on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass electrode from an aqueous solution containing pyrrole monomer, ptoluenesulfonate electrolyte and carboxymethylcellulose insulating polymer is reported. The characterization by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) shows that carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) has been successfully incorporated into polypyrrole structure forming PPY-CMC polymer composite films. The conductivity of the prepared composite films was found to increase with increaseing CMC concentration in pyrrole solution, The optical microscopic results show the influence of CMC concentration in the pyrrole solution over the morphological changes of the prepared films. The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) on the prepared PPY-CMC film reveals the higher plastic property of the PPY-CMC composite film.展开更多
This paper reports that the Schottky junctions between low work function metals (e.g. Al and In) and doped semiconducting polymer pellets (e.g. polyaniline (PANI) microsphere pellet and polypyrrole (PPy) nanotu...This paper reports that the Schottky junctions between low work function metals (e.g. Al and In) and doped semiconducting polymer pellets (e.g. polyaniline (PANI) microsphere pellet and polypyrrole (PPy) nanotube pellet) have been prepared and studied. Since Ag is a high work function metal which can make an ohmic contact with polymer, silver paste was used to fabricate the electrodes. The Al/PANI/Ag heterojunction shows an obvious rectifying effect as shown in I - V characteristic curves (rectifying ratio γ = 5 at ±6 V bias at room temperature). As compared to the Al/PANI/Ag, the heterojunction between In and PANI (In/PANI/Ag) exhibits a lower rectifying ratio γ= 1.6 at ±2 V bias at room temperature. In addition, rectifying effect was also observed in the heterojunctions Al/PPy/Ag (γ = 3.2 at ±1.6 V bias) and In/PPy/Ag (γ = 1.2 at ±3.0 V bias). The results were discussed in terms of thermoionic emission theory.展开更多
Method of VSC (Voltage Shorted Compaction)can be used to determine the intrinsic temperature dependence ofconductivity ofpolycrystalline compaction. The experimental conditions and technical key for preparation of VSC...Method of VSC (Voltage Shorted Compaction)can be used to determine the intrinsic temperature dependence ofconductivity ofpolycrystalline compaction. The experimental conditions and technical key for preparation of VSC device and its physical model as well as its applications in conducting polymers are discussed in detail.展开更多
Conducting polymers(CPs)have long been studied as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries,but the low doping level(maximum:30–50%or even lower)and poor cycling stability limit their applications.Herein,we have de...Conducting polymers(CPs)have long been studied as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries,but the low doping level(maximum:30–50%or even lower)and poor cycling stability limit their applications.Herein,we have developed a method of nanoporeconfined in situ electropolymerization to prepare nanostructured polythiophene-type porous cathodes,achieving significantly improved doping availability and long cycle life.It was verified that the nanosized polymer formed in situ and loose porous structure are conducive to the doping reaction and maintain high electrochemical stability.The constructed thieno[3,2-b]thiophene(TtTP)/active carbon cathode delivers an ultrahigh reversible capacity of 309.2 mAh g^(−1)(doping level up to 80.9%)along with an ultrahigh energy density of 1252.3 Wh Kg^(−1),and an ultrahigh rate capability(172.4 mAh g^(−1) at 30 A g^(−1)),which far exceed all the CPs and even all the p-type organic cathode materials reported.Moreover,an excellent long cycle life of 2000 cycles at 5 A g^(−1) is also revealed,which is a new record for CPs-based cathode materials in nonaqueous lithium-ion batteries.Our method provides an effective strategy to improve the doping level and cycling stability of CP-based cathode materials.展开更多
There is a great interest in developing microelectronic devices based on nanostructured conducting polymers that can selectively electro-couple analytes at high sensitivity and low power.Nanostructured conducting poly...There is a great interest in developing microelectronic devices based on nanostructured conducting polymers that can selectively electro-couple analytes at high sensitivity and low power.Nanostructured conducting polymers have emerged as promising candidates for this technology due to their excellent stability with low redox potential,high conductivity,and selectivity endowed by chemical functionalization.However,it remains challenging to develop cost-effective and large-scale assembly approaches for functionalized conducting polymers in the practical fabrication of electronic devices.Here,we reported a straightforward waferscale assembly of nanostructured hexafluoroisopropanol functionalized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT-HFIP)on smooth substrates.This approach is template-free,solution-processed,and adaptable to conductive and nonconductive substrates.By this approach,the nanostructured PEDOT-HFIPs could be easily integrated onto interdigitated electrodes with intimate ohmic contact.At the optimized space-to-volume ratio,we demonstrated a low-power,sensitive,and selective nerve agent sensing technology using this platform by detecting sarin vapor with a limit of detection(LOD)of 10 ppb and signal strength of 400 times the water interference at the same concentration,offering significant advantages over existing similar technologies.We envision that its easy scale-up,micro size,small power consumption,and combination of high sensitivity and selectivity make it attractive for various wearable platforms.展开更多
Conducting polymers offer attractive mixed ionic-electronic conductivity,tunable interfacial barrier with metal,tissue matchable softness,and versatile chemical functionalization,making them robust to bridge the gap b...Conducting polymers offer attractive mixed ionic-electronic conductivity,tunable interfacial barrier with metal,tissue matchable softness,and versatile chemical functionalization,making them robust to bridge the gap between brain tissue and electronic circuits.This review focuses on chemically revised conducting polymers,combined with their superior and controllable electrochemical performance,to fabricate long-term bioelectronic implants,addressing chronic immune responses,weak neuron attraction,and long-term electrocommunication instability challenges.Moreover,the promising progress of zwitterionic conducting polymers in bioelectronic implants(≥4 weeks stable implantation)is highlighted,followed by a comment on their current evolution toward selective neural coupling and reimplantable function.Finally,a critical forward look at the future of zwitterionic conducting polymers for in vivo bioelectronic devices is provided.展开更多
Electrochemistry with antifouling sensing interfaces that effectively resist the adsorption of nonspecific biomolecules provides a powerful mean for the accurate and sensitive detection of disease biomarkers tive dete...Electrochemistry with antifouling sensing interfaces that effectively resist the adsorption of nonspecific biomolecules provides a powerful mean for the accurate and sensitive detection of disease biomarkers tive dete in complex biofluids.However.there are few strategies to acquire a stable and solid antifouling coat-ing on any substrate by a simple way.Herein,a simple one-step assembly methød has been adopted to construct phase-transited bovine serum albumin(PTB)antifouling Layers.Prior to construction of the an-tifouling layers.the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT)doped with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide(ionic liquid,IL)were firstly electrodeposited on bare electrodes,en-dowing good conductiviry and catalytic capability for the developed sensor.Subsequently.with the assist of tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine(TCEP)the disulfide bonds of bovine serum albumin(BSA)were re-Im alb duced to form PTB,which can be coated on the PEDOT-It modified electrode to construct an antifouling electrochemical senor(PTB/PEDOT-ILCCE)for the detection of uric acid(UA)in human serum.The UA sensor demonstrated a good linear range from 1.11 umol/L to 798.9 umol/L with a high sensltivity of0,556 jA umolL^(-1)cm^(-2).The combination of conducting polymers with one-step assembly of PTB offers a universal and rellable method før the modification of various electrodes to determine target molecules in complex human body fluids.展开更多
Abundant interfacial defects remain a significant challenge that hampers both the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,an alcohol-dispersed conducting polymer complex,denoted as PEDOT:F(Poly...Abundant interfacial defects remain a significant challenge that hampers both the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,an alcohol-dispersed conducting polymer complex,denoted as PEDOT:F(Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):Perfluorinated sulfonic acid ionomers),is introduced into the interface between perovskite and hole transporting layer in regular-structured PSCs.PEDOT:F serves as a multi-functional interface layer(filling grain boundaries and covering perovskite's grain-surface)to achieve a robust interaction with organic groups within perovskites,which could induce a structural transformation of PEDOT to increase its conductivity for the efficient hole-transport.Furthermore,the strong interaction between PEDOT and perovskites could promote an effective coupling of undercoordinated Pb~(2+)ions with the lone electron pairs near O&S atoms in PEDOT molecules,thereby enhancing defect passivation.Additionally,PEDOT:F with inherent hydrophobic properties prevents effectively moisture invasion into perovskites for the improved long-term stability of the PSCs.Consequently,the PEDOT:F-based PSCs achieved a champion efficiency of 24.81%,and maintained ca.92%of their initial efficiency after 7680 h of storage in a dry air environment,accompanied by the enhanced photothermal stability.展开更多
The arc ignition system based on charring polymers has advantages of simple structure,low ignition power consumption and multiple ignitions,which bringing it broadly application prospect in hybrid propulsion system of...The arc ignition system based on charring polymers has advantages of simple structure,low ignition power consumption and multiple ignitions,which bringing it broadly application prospect in hybrid propulsion system of micro/nano satellite.However,charring polymers alone need a relatively high input voltage to achieve pyrolysis and ignition,which increases the burden and cost of the power system of micro/nano satellite in practical application.Adding conductive substance into charring polymers can effectively decrease the conducting voltage which can realize low voltage and low power consumption repeated ignition of arc ignition system.In this paper,a charring conductive polymer ignition grain with a cavity geometry in precombustion chamber,which is composed of PLA and multiwall carbon nanotubes(MWCNT)was proposed.The detailed ignition processes were analyzed and two different ignition mechanisms in the cavity of charring conductive polymers were revealed.The ignition characteristics of charring conductive polymers were also investigated at different input voltages,ignition grain structures,ignition locations and injection schemes in a visual ignition combustor.The results demonstrated that the ignition delay and external energy required for ignition were inversely correlated with the voltages applied to ignition grain.Moreover,the incremental depth of cavity shortened the ignition delay and external energy required for ignition while accelerated the propagation of flame.As the depth of cavity increased from 2 to 6 mm(at 50 V),the time of flame propagating out of ignition grain changed from 235.6 to 108 ms,and values of mean ignition delay time and mean external energy required for ignition decreased from 462.8 to 320 ms and 16.2 to 10.75 J,respectively.The rear side of the cavity was the ideal ignition position which had a shorter ignition delay and a faster flame propagation speed in comparison to other ignition positions.Compared to direct injection scheme,swirling injection provided a more favorable flow field environment in the cavity,which was beneficial to ignition and initial flame propagation,but the ignition position needed to be away from the outlet of swirling injector.At last,the repeated ignition characteristic of charring conductive polymers was also investigated.The ignition delay time and external energy required for ignition decreased with repeated ignition times but the variation was decreasing gradually.展开更多
Substrates or encapsulants in soft and stretchable formats are key components for transient,bioresorbable electronic systems;however,elastomeric polymers with desired mechanical and biochemical properties are very lim...Substrates or encapsulants in soft and stretchable formats are key components for transient,bioresorbable electronic systems;however,elastomeric polymers with desired mechanical and biochemical properties are very limited compared to nontransient counterparts.Here,we introduce a bioresorbable elastomer,poly(glycolide-co-ε-caprolactone)(PGCL),that contains excellent material properties including high elongation-at-break(<1300%),resilience and toughness,and tunable dissolution behaviors.Exploitation of PGCLs as polymer matrices,in combination with conducing polymers,yields stretchable,conductive composites for degradable interconnects,sensors,and actuators,which can reliably function under external strains.Integration of device components with wireless modules demonstrates elastic,transient electronic suture system with on-demand drug delivery for rapid recovery of postsurgical wounds in soft,time-dynamic tissues.展开更多
Soft electronics featuring exceptional mechanical compliance and excellent electrical performance hold great promise for applications in soft robotics,artificial intelligence,bio-integrated electronics,and wearable el...Soft electronics featuring exceptional mechanical compliance and excellent electrical performance hold great promise for applications in soft robotics,artificial intelligence,bio-integrated electronics,and wearable electronics.Intrinsically stretchable and conductive materials are crucial for soft electronics,enabling large-area and scalable fabrication,high device density,and good mechanical compliance.Conducting polymers are inherently stretchable and conductive.They can be precisely synthesized from vastly available building blocks,and thus they provide a fruitful platform for fabricating soft electronics.However,amorphous bulk-phase conducting polymers typically exhibit poor mechanical and electrical characteristics.Consequently,it is highly desirable to develop novel engineering approaches to overcome the intrinsic limitations of conducting polymers.In recent years,numerous engineering strategies have been developed to enhance their performances in soft electronic devices via constructing various nanostructures.In this review,we first summarize several unique methodologies to fabricate conducting polymer-based nanostructures.We then discuss how nanoscale engineering approaches can improve several crucial parameters,including electrical conductivity,stretchability,sensitivity,and self-healing property of conducting polymers.Moreover,we also discuss device-level integration of conducting polymer-based nanostructures with other materials for applications in skin-inspired electronics and bio-integrated electronics.Finally,we provide perspectives on challenges and future directions in engineering nanostructured conducting polymers for soft electronics.展开更多
In recent years,as a new class of two-dimensional polymer,covalent organic frameworks(COFs) have attracted intensive attention and developed rapidly.This review provides an overview of a type of COFs which can be ut...In recent years,as a new class of two-dimensional polymer,covalent organic frameworks(COFs) have attracted intensive attention and developed rapidly.This review provides an overview of a type of COFs which can be utilized as organic semiconductors.Carefully choosing monomers as the building blocks will bestow different types of semiconducting character on COFs.We summarize the p-type,n-type and ambipolar semiconducting COFs and highlight the effects of π-functional building blocks on the photoconductive behaviors of the semiconducting COFs.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51973157)the Special Grade of the Financial Support from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020T130469)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant(2019 M651047)the Science and Technology Plans of Tianjin(19PTSYJC00010)for their financial support。
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries and lithium-selenium(Li-Se) batteries,as environmental protection energy storage systems with outstanding theoretical specific capacities and high energy densities,have become the hotspots of current researches.Besides,elemental S(Se) raw materials are widely sourced and their production costs are both low,which make them considered one of the new generations of high energy density electrochemical energy storage systems with the most potential for development.However,poor conductivity of elemental S/Se and the notorious "shuttle effect" of lithium polysulfides(polyselenides) severely hinder the commercialization of Li-S/Se batteries.Thanks to the excellent electrical conductivity and strong absorption of lithium polysulfide(polyselenide) about electronically conducting polymer,some of the above thorny problems have been effectively alleviated.The review presents the fundamental studies and current development trends of common electronically conducting polymers in various components of Li-S/Se batteries,which involves polyaniline(PANI) polypyrrole(PPy),and polythiophene(PTh) with its derivatives,e.g.polyethoxythiophene(PEDOT) and poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS).Finally,the review not only summarizes the research directions and challenges facing the application of electronically conducting polymers,but also looks forward to the development prospects of them,which will provide a way for the practical use of electronically conducting polymers in Li-S/Se batteries with outstanding electrochemical properties in the short run.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.61101029)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.ZYGX2010J057)+1 种基金the national defense pre-research foundation(No.9140A23070111DZ02042)A Plan for Supporting the New Century Talents(No.NCET-12-0091)
文摘We report chemical vapor phase polymerization(VPP) deposition of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT) and PEDOT/graphene on porous dielectric tantalum pentoxide(Ta_2O_5) surface as cathode films for solid tantalum electrolyte capacitors. The modified oxidant/oxidant-graphene films were first deposited on Ta_2O_5 by dip-coating, and VPP process was subsequently utilized to transfer oxidant/oxidant-graphene into PEDOT/PEDOT-graphene films. The SEM images showed PEDOT/PEDOT-graphene films was successfully constructed on porous Ta_2O_5 surface through VPP deposition, and a solid tantalum electrolyte capacitor with conducting polymer-graphene nano-composites as cathode films was constructed. The high conductivity nature of PEDOT-graphene leads to resistance decrease of cathode films and lower contact resistance between PEDOT/graphene and carbon paste. This nano-composite cathode films based capacitor showed ultralow equivalent series resistance(ESR) ca. 12 m? and exhibited excellent capacitance-frequency performance, which can keep 82% of initial capacitance at 500 KHz. The investigation on leakage current revealed that the device encapsulation process has no influence on capacitor leakage current, indicating the excellent mechanical strength of PEDOT/PEDOT-gaphene films. This high conductivity and mechanical strength of graphene-based polymer films shows promising future for electrode materials such as capacitors, organic solar cells and electrochemical energy storage devices.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10604038)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of China (Grant No NCET-07-0472)
文摘We report the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of individual polypyrrole nanotubes and poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanowires in a temperature range from 300 K to 2 K. Considering the complex structures of such quasi-one-dimensional systems with an array of ordered conductive regions separated by disordered barriers, we use the extended fluctuation-induced tunneling (FIT) and thermal excitation model (Kaiser expression) to fit the temperature and electric-field dependent I-V curves. It is found that the I-V data measured at higher temperatures or higher voltages can be well fitted by the Kaiser expression. However, the low-temperature data around the zero bias clearly deviate from those obtained from this model. The deviation (or zero-bias conductance suppression) could be possibly ascribed to the occurrence of the Coulomb-gap in the density of states near the Femi level and/or the enhancement of electron-electron interaction resulting from nanosize effects, which have been revealed in the previous studies on low-temperature electronic transport in conducting polymer films, pellets and nanostructures. In addition, similar I--V characteristics and deviation are also observed in an isolated K0.27MnO2 nanowire.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘A physical model of series of the conductivity on chain and the interchain conductivitybetween chains is proposed to explain enhanced conductivity of stretched conducting polymers.This model suggests that the enhanced conductivity for stretched conducting polymers might bedue to increasing of the interchain conductivity between chains along the elongation direction afterdrawing processes if the conductivity on chain is assumed much larger than that of the interchainconductivity between chains. According to this model, it is expected that the temperaturedependence of conductivity measured by four-probe method for stretched conducting polymers iscontrolled by a variation of the interchain conductivity between chains with temperature, whichcan be used to explain that a metallic temperature dependence of conductivity for stretchedconducting polymers is not observed although the conductivity along the elongation direction isenhanced by two or three orders of magnitude.
文摘The infrared emissivity of conducting polymers in 8—20μm and at 50—150℃ in the direction of normal line has been measured as a function of wavelength, conductivity at room temperature, counterion, doping levels, measuring temperature and thickness of sample.
文摘We report an electrodeposited poly(pyrrole-co-pyrrolepropylic acid) copolymer modified electroactive graphene-carbon nanotubes composite deposited on a glassy carbon electrode to detect the protein antigen(cTnI). The copolymer provides pendant carboxyl groups for the site-specific covalent immobilization of protein antibody, antitroponin I. The hybrid nanocomposite was used as a transducer for biointerfacial impedance sensing for cTnI detection.The results show that the hybrid exhibits a pseudo capacitive behaviour with a maximum phase angle of 49° near 1 Hz,which is due to the inhomogeneous and porous structure of the hybrid composition. The constant phase element of copolymer is 0.61(n = 0.61), whereas, it is 0.88(n = 0.88) for the hybrid composites, indicating a comparatively homogeneous microstructure after biomolecular functionalization. The transducer shows a linear change in charge transfer characteristic(R_(et)) on cTnI immunoreaction for spiked human serum in the concentration range of 1.0 pg mL^(-1)–10.0 ng mL^(-1). The sensitivity of the transducer is 167.8 ± 14.2 Ω cm^2 per decade, and it also exhibits high specificity and good reproducibility.
文摘Conducting polymers sensors have been very interesting that it can detect wide variety of functionalities,however these materials have to solve humidity contaminant,poor reversibility and selectivity.To improve this problems,we investigated pretreatment such as soaking in methanol and thermal treatment in N_2.This process improved stability, reversibility and response time and recovery time.To overcome humidity contaminant coated hydrophobic polymer was reduced above 50% at RH10%.For sensor array structure was fabricated for enhancing selectivity of gas vapor.Conducting polymer sensor array had several application in environmental and medical science the method of principal component analysis.
文摘The electrochemical preparation of polypyrrole-carboxymethylcellulose (PPY-CMC) conducting polymer composite films on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass electrode from an aqueous solution containing pyrrole monomer, ptoluenesulfonate electrolyte and carboxymethylcellulose insulating polymer is reported. The characterization by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) shows that carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) has been successfully incorporated into polypyrrole structure forming PPY-CMC polymer composite films. The conductivity of the prepared composite films was found to increase with increaseing CMC concentration in pyrrole solution, The optical microscopic results show the influence of CMC concentration in the pyrrole solution over the morphological changes of the prepared films. The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) on the prepared PPY-CMC film reveals the higher plastic property of the PPY-CMC composite film.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10604038)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of China (Grant No NCET2007)
文摘This paper reports that the Schottky junctions between low work function metals (e.g. Al and In) and doped semiconducting polymer pellets (e.g. polyaniline (PANI) microsphere pellet and polypyrrole (PPy) nanotube pellet) have been prepared and studied. Since Ag is a high work function metal which can make an ohmic contact with polymer, silver paste was used to fabricate the electrodes. The Al/PANI/Ag heterojunction shows an obvious rectifying effect as shown in I - V characteristic curves (rectifying ratio γ = 5 at ±6 V bias at room temperature). As compared to the Al/PANI/Ag, the heterojunction between In and PANI (In/PANI/Ag) exhibits a lower rectifying ratio γ= 1.6 at ±2 V bias at room temperature. In addition, rectifying effect was also observed in the heterojunctions Al/PPy/Ag (γ = 3.2 at ±1.6 V bias) and In/PPy/Ag (γ = 1.2 at ±3.0 V bias). The results were discussed in terms of thermoionic emission theory.
文摘Method of VSC (Voltage Shorted Compaction)can be used to determine the intrinsic temperature dependence ofconductivity ofpolycrystalline compaction. The experimental conditions and technical key for preparation of VSC device and its physical model as well as its applications in conducting polymers are discussed in detail.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.52073211).
文摘Conducting polymers(CPs)have long been studied as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries,but the low doping level(maximum:30–50%or even lower)and poor cycling stability limit their applications.Herein,we have developed a method of nanoporeconfined in situ electropolymerization to prepare nanostructured polythiophene-type porous cathodes,achieving significantly improved doping availability and long cycle life.It was verified that the nanosized polymer formed in situ and loose porous structure are conducive to the doping reaction and maintain high electrochemical stability.The constructed thieno[3,2-b]thiophene(TtTP)/active carbon cathode delivers an ultrahigh reversible capacity of 309.2 mAh g^(−1)(doping level up to 80.9%)along with an ultrahigh energy density of 1252.3 Wh Kg^(−1),and an ultrahigh rate capability(172.4 mAh g^(−1) at 30 A g^(−1)),which far exceed all the CPs and even all the p-type organic cathode materials reported.Moreover,an excellent long cycle life of 2000 cycles at 5 A g^(−1) is also revealed,which is a new record for CPs-based cathode materials in nonaqueous lithium-ion batteries.Our method provides an effective strategy to improve the doping level and cycling stability of CP-based cathode materials.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21474014 and 22175111)Z.G.thanks financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21704013)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2017M611416)R.B.W.thanks for financial support from the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(No.BX201700044).
文摘There is a great interest in developing microelectronic devices based on nanostructured conducting polymers that can selectively electro-couple analytes at high sensitivity and low power.Nanostructured conducting polymers have emerged as promising candidates for this technology due to their excellent stability with low redox potential,high conductivity,and selectivity endowed by chemical functionalization.However,it remains challenging to develop cost-effective and large-scale assembly approaches for functionalized conducting polymers in the practical fabrication of electronic devices.Here,we reported a straightforward waferscale assembly of nanostructured hexafluoroisopropanol functionalized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT-HFIP)on smooth substrates.This approach is template-free,solution-processed,and adaptable to conductive and nonconductive substrates.By this approach,the nanostructured PEDOT-HFIPs could be easily integrated onto interdigitated electrodes with intimate ohmic contact.At the optimized space-to-volume ratio,we demonstrated a low-power,sensitive,and selective nerve agent sensing technology using this platform by detecting sarin vapor with a limit of detection(LOD)of 10 ppb and signal strength of 400 times the water interference at the same concentration,offering significant advantages over existing similar technologies.We envision that its easy scale-up,micro size,small power consumption,and combination of high sensitivity and selectivity make it attractive for various wearable platforms.
基金supported by NSFC(22175111,21474014,21704013,and 51903149)the Program for Professor of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar)at the Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning(TP2019043)the Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(20XD1400100).
文摘Conducting polymers offer attractive mixed ionic-electronic conductivity,tunable interfacial barrier with metal,tissue matchable softness,and versatile chemical functionalization,making them robust to bridge the gap between brain tissue and electronic circuits.This review focuses on chemically revised conducting polymers,combined with their superior and controllable electrochemical performance,to fabricate long-term bioelectronic implants,addressing chronic immune responses,weak neuron attraction,and long-term electrocommunication instability challenges.Moreover,the promising progress of zwitterionic conducting polymers in bioelectronic implants(≥4 weeks stable implantation)is highlighted,followed by a comment on their current evolution toward selective neural coupling and reimplantable function.Finally,a critical forward look at the future of zwitterionic conducting polymers for in vivo bioelectronic devices is provided.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M711745)the Science and Technology Benefiting the People Project of Qingdao(No.20-3-4-53-nsh)the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province of China(No.ts20110829).
文摘Electrochemistry with antifouling sensing interfaces that effectively resist the adsorption of nonspecific biomolecules provides a powerful mean for the accurate and sensitive detection of disease biomarkers tive dete in complex biofluids.However.there are few strategies to acquire a stable and solid antifouling coat-ing on any substrate by a simple way.Herein,a simple one-step assembly methød has been adopted to construct phase-transited bovine serum albumin(PTB)antifouling Layers.Prior to construction of the an-tifouling layers.the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT)doped with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide(ionic liquid,IL)were firstly electrodeposited on bare electrodes,en-dowing good conductiviry and catalytic capability for the developed sensor.Subsequently.with the assist of tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine(TCEP)the disulfide bonds of bovine serum albumin(BSA)were re-Im alb duced to form PTB,which can be coated on the PEDOT-It modified electrode to construct an antifouling electrochemical senor(PTB/PEDOT-ILCCE)for the detection of uric acid(UA)in human serum.The UA sensor demonstrated a good linear range from 1.11 umol/L to 798.9 umol/L with a high sensltivity of0,556 jA umolL^(-1)cm^(-2).The combination of conducting polymers with one-step assembly of PTB offers a universal and rellable method før the modification of various electrodes to determine target molecules in complex human body fluids.
基金supported by the Science Foundation(K201827)the Open Foundation of Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition(202103,202206)the Graduate Education Innovation Fund of Wuhan Institute of Technology(CX2023279,CX2023277,CX2023272)。
文摘Abundant interfacial defects remain a significant challenge that hampers both the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,an alcohol-dispersed conducting polymer complex,denoted as PEDOT:F(Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):Perfluorinated sulfonic acid ionomers),is introduced into the interface between perovskite and hole transporting layer in regular-structured PSCs.PEDOT:F serves as a multi-functional interface layer(filling grain boundaries and covering perovskite's grain-surface)to achieve a robust interaction with organic groups within perovskites,which could induce a structural transformation of PEDOT to increase its conductivity for the efficient hole-transport.Furthermore,the strong interaction between PEDOT and perovskites could promote an effective coupling of undercoordinated Pb~(2+)ions with the lone electron pairs near O&S atoms in PEDOT molecules,thereby enhancing defect passivation.Additionally,PEDOT:F with inherent hydrophobic properties prevents effectively moisture invasion into perovskites for the improved long-term stability of the PSCs.Consequently,the PEDOT:F-based PSCs achieved a champion efficiency of 24.81%,and maintained ca.92%of their initial efficiency after 7680 h of storage in a dry air environment,accompanied by the enhanced photothermal stability.
基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.30920041102)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11802134).
文摘The arc ignition system based on charring polymers has advantages of simple structure,low ignition power consumption and multiple ignitions,which bringing it broadly application prospect in hybrid propulsion system of micro/nano satellite.However,charring polymers alone need a relatively high input voltage to achieve pyrolysis and ignition,which increases the burden and cost of the power system of micro/nano satellite in practical application.Adding conductive substance into charring polymers can effectively decrease the conducting voltage which can realize low voltage and low power consumption repeated ignition of arc ignition system.In this paper,a charring conductive polymer ignition grain with a cavity geometry in precombustion chamber,which is composed of PLA and multiwall carbon nanotubes(MWCNT)was proposed.The detailed ignition processes were analyzed and two different ignition mechanisms in the cavity of charring conductive polymers were revealed.The ignition characteristics of charring conductive polymers were also investigated at different input voltages,ignition grain structures,ignition locations and injection schemes in a visual ignition combustor.The results demonstrated that the ignition delay and external energy required for ignition were inversely correlated with the voltages applied to ignition grain.Moreover,the incremental depth of cavity shortened the ignition delay and external energy required for ignition while accelerated the propagation of flame.As the depth of cavity increased from 2 to 6 mm(at 50 V),the time of flame propagating out of ignition grain changed from 235.6 to 108 ms,and values of mean ignition delay time and mean external energy required for ignition decreased from 462.8 to 320 ms and 16.2 to 10.75 J,respectively.The rear side of the cavity was the ideal ignition position which had a shorter ignition delay and a faster flame propagation speed in comparison to other ignition positions.Compared to direct injection scheme,swirling injection provided a more favorable flow field environment in the cavity,which was beneficial to ignition and initial flame propagation,but the ignition position needed to be away from the outlet of swirling injector.At last,the repeated ignition characteristic of charring conductive polymers was also investigated.The ignition delay time and external energy required for ignition decreased with repeated ignition times but the variation was decreasing gradually.
基金supported by the KIST Institutional Program (Project No.2E32501-23-106)the KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Program+3 种基金the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (the Ministry of Science, ICT, MSIT) (RS-2022-00165524)the development of technologies for electroceuticals of the National Research Foundataion (NRF) funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (RS-2023-00220534)the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT), Korea, under the ICT Creative Consilience program (IITP-2023-2020-0-01819) supervised by the IITP (Institute for Information and Communications Technology Planning and Evaluation)Start up Pioneering in Research and Innovation(SPRINT) through the Commercialization Promotion Agency for R&D Outcomes(COMPA) grant funded by the Korea government(Ministry of Science and ICT) (1711198921)
文摘Substrates or encapsulants in soft and stretchable formats are key components for transient,bioresorbable electronic systems;however,elastomeric polymers with desired mechanical and biochemical properties are very limited compared to nontransient counterparts.Here,we introduce a bioresorbable elastomer,poly(glycolide-co-ε-caprolactone)(PGCL),that contains excellent material properties including high elongation-at-break(<1300%),resilience and toughness,and tunable dissolution behaviors.Exploitation of PGCLs as polymer matrices,in combination with conducing polymers,yields stretchable,conductive composites for degradable interconnects,sensors,and actuators,which can reliably function under external strains.Integration of device components with wireless modules demonstrates elastic,transient electronic suture system with on-demand drug delivery for rapid recovery of postsurgical wounds in soft,time-dynamic tissues.
基金funds from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFA0207301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21875235)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Soft electronics featuring exceptional mechanical compliance and excellent electrical performance hold great promise for applications in soft robotics,artificial intelligence,bio-integrated electronics,and wearable electronics.Intrinsically stretchable and conductive materials are crucial for soft electronics,enabling large-area and scalable fabrication,high device density,and good mechanical compliance.Conducting polymers are inherently stretchable and conductive.They can be precisely synthesized from vastly available building blocks,and thus they provide a fruitful platform for fabricating soft electronics.However,amorphous bulk-phase conducting polymers typically exhibit poor mechanical and electrical characteristics.Consequently,it is highly desirable to develop novel engineering approaches to overcome the intrinsic limitations of conducting polymers.In recent years,numerous engineering strategies have been developed to enhance their performances in soft electronic devices via constructing various nanostructures.In this review,we first summarize several unique methodologies to fabricate conducting polymer-based nanostructures.We then discuss how nanoscale engineering approaches can improve several crucial parameters,including electrical conductivity,stretchability,sensitivity,and self-healing property of conducting polymers.Moreover,we also discuss device-level integration of conducting polymer-based nanostructures with other materials for applications in skin-inspired electronics and bio-integrated electronics.Finally,we provide perspectives on challenges and future directions in engineering nanostructured conducting polymers for soft electronics.
基金the support from National Program for Thousand Young Talents of Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21544001)Fudan University
文摘In recent years,as a new class of two-dimensional polymer,covalent organic frameworks(COFs) have attracted intensive attention and developed rapidly.This review provides an overview of a type of COFs which can be utilized as organic semiconductors.Carefully choosing monomers as the building blocks will bestow different types of semiconducting character on COFs.We summarize the p-type,n-type and ambipolar semiconducting COFs and highlight the effects of π-functional building blocks on the photoconductive behaviors of the semiconducting COFs.