Reconstruction of poloidal magnetic field profiles in field-reversed configurations with machine learning in laser-driven ion-beam trace probe

The diagnostic of poloidal magnetic field(B_(p))in field-reversed configuration(FRC),promising for achieving efficient plasma confinement due to its highβ,is a huge challenge because B_(p)is small and reverses around the core region.The laser-driven ion-beam trace probe(LITP)has been proven to diagnose the B_(p)profile in FRCs recently,whereas the existing iterative reconstruction approach cannot handle the measurement errors well.In this work,the machine learning approach,a fast-growing and powerful technology in automation and control,is applied to B_(p)reconstruction in FRCs based on LITP principles and it has a better performance than the previous approach.The machine learning approach achieves a more accurate reconstruction of B_(p)profile when 20%detector errors are considered,15%B_(p)fluctuation is introduced and the size of the detector is remarkably reduced.Therefore,machine learning could be a powerful support for LITP diagnosis of the magnetic field in magnetic confinement fusion devices.

Network Configuration Entity Extraction Method Based on Transformer with Multi-Head Attention Mechanism

Nowadays,ensuring thequality of networkserviceshas become increasingly vital.Experts are turning toknowledge graph technology,with a significant emphasis on entity extraction in the identification of device configurations.This research paper presents a novel entity extraction method that leverages a combination of active learning and attention mechanisms.Initially,an improved active learning approach is employed to select the most valuable unlabeled samples,which are subsequently submitted for expert labeling.This approach successfully addresses the problems of isolated points and sample redundancy within the network configuration sample set.Then the labeled samples are utilized to train the model for network configuration entity extraction.Furthermore,the multi-head self-attention of the transformer model is enhanced by introducing the Adaptive Weighting method based on the Laplace mixture distribution.This enhancement enables the transformer model to dynamically adapt its focus to words in various positions,displaying exceptional adaptability to abnormal data and further elevating the accuracy of the proposed model.Through comparisons with Random Sampling(RANDOM),Maximum Normalized Log-Probability(MNLP),Least Confidence(LC),Token Entrop(TE),and Entropy Query by Bagging(EQB),the proposed method,Entropy Query by Bagging and Maximum Influence Active Learning(EQBMIAL),achieves comparable performance with only 40% of the samples on both datasets,while other algorithms require 50% of the samples.Furthermore,the entity extraction algorithm with the Adaptive Weighted Multi-head Attention mechanism(AW-MHA)is compared with BILSTM-CRF,Mutil_Attention-Bilstm-Crf,Deep_Neural_Model_NER and BERT_Transformer,achieving precision rates of 75.98% and 98.32% on the two datasets,respectively.Statistical tests demonstrate the statistical significance and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms in this paper.

Sliding and damming properties of granular debris with different geometric configurations and grain size distributions

Granular debris plays a significant role in determining damming deposit characteristics. An indepth understanding of how variations in grain size distribution(GSD) and geometric configurations impact the behavior of granular debris during the occurrence of granular debris is essential for precise assessment and effective mitigation of landslide hazards in mountainous terrains. This research aims to investigate the impact of GSD and geometric configurations on sliding and damming properties through laboratory experiments. The geometric configurations were categorized into three categories based on the spatial distribution of maximum volume: located at the front(Type Ⅰ), middle(Type Ⅱ), and rear(Type Ⅲ) of the granular debris. Our experimental findings highlight that the sliding and damming processes primarily depend on the interaction among the geometric configuration, grain size, and GSD in granular debris. Different sliding and damming mechanisms across various geometric configurations induce variability in motion parameters and deposition patterns. For Type Ⅰ configurations, the front debris functions as the critical and primary driving component, with energy dissipation primarily occurring through inter-grain interactions. In contrast, Type Ⅱ configurations feature the middle debris as the dominant driving component, experiencing hindrance from the front debris and propulsion from the rear, leading to complex alterations in sliding motion. Here, energy dissipation arises from a combination of inter-grain and grain-substrate interactions. Lastly, in Type Ⅲ configurations, both the middle and rear debris serve as the main driving components, with the rear sliding debris impeded by the front. In this case, energy dissipation predominantly results from grainsubstrate interaction. Moreover, we have quantitatively demonstrated that the inverse grading in damming deposits, where coarse grain moves upward and fine grain moves downward, is primarily caused by grain sorting due to collisions among the grains and between the grain and the base. The impact of grain on the horizontal channel further aids grain sorting and contributes to inverse grading. The proposed classification of three geometric configurations in our study enhances the understanding of damming properties from the view of mechanism, which provides valuable insights for related study about damming granular debris.

Spatiotemporal variations,influencing factors,and configurational promotion paths of energy efficiency in China’s cities

The promotion of energy efficiency(EE)helps address energy constraints and promote environmental sustainability.This study comprehensively explores the spatiotemporal variations,influencing factors,and configuration promotion paths of EE in 284 Chinese cities during 2003‒2019 using the global super-efficiency minimum distance to strong efficient frontier(G-S-MinDS),exploratory spatial data analysis(ESDA),multiscale geographically weighted regression(MGWR),and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA)methods.The findings are:①China’s cities have an annual average EE of 0.658 with a growth rate of 0.53%,showing considerable promotion potential.②Industrial structure optimization,population agglomeration,economic development,and increased green coverage contribute positively,while government intervention and openness hinder China’s urban EE.③Four configurational promotion paths for enhancing China’s urban EE are identified,where among those paths population density is a core condition,while government intervention is not.This study provides valuable insights into substantially improving urban EE,emphasizing the need for targeted policies to address energy and environmental crises in China.

Effect of the Particle Packing Configuration on Fixed Bed Performance

Fixed-bed reactors are generally considered the optimal choice for numerous multi-phase catalytic reactions due to their excellent performance and stability.However,conventional fixed beds often encounter challenges related to inadequate mass transfer and a high pressure drop caused by the non-uniform void fraction distribution.To enhance the overall performance of fixed beds,the impact of different packing configurations on performance was investigated.Experimental and simulation methods were used to investigate the fluid flow and mass transfer performances of various packed beds under different flow rates.It was found that structured beds exhibited a significantly lower pressure drop per unit length than conventional packed beds.Furthermore,the packing configurations had a critical role in improving the overall performance of fixed beds.Specifically,structured packed beds,particularly the H-2 packing configuration,effectively reduced the pressure drop per unit length and improved the mass transfer efficiency.The H-2 packing configuration consisted of two parallel strips of particles in each layer,with strips arranged perpendicularly between adjacent layers,and the spacing between the strips varied from layer to layer.

Constructing long-cycling crystalline C_(3)N_(4)-based carbonaceous anodes for sodium-ion battery via N configuration control

Carbon nitrides with two-dimensional layered structures and high theoretical capacities are attractive as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries while their low crystallinity and insufficient structural stability strongly restrict their practical applications.Coupling carbon nitrides with conductive carbon may relieve these issues.However,little is known about the influence of nitrogen(N)configurations on the interactions between carbon and C_(3)N_(4),which is fundamentally critical for guiding the precise design of advanced C_(3)N_(4)-related electrodes.Herein,highly crystalline C_(3)N_(4)(poly(triazine imide),PTI)based all-carbon composites were developed by molten salt strategy.More importantly,the vital role of pyrrolic-N for enhancing charge transfer and boosting Na+storage of C_(3)N_(4)-based composites,which was confirmed by both theoretical and experimental evidence,was spot-highlighted for the first time.By elaborately controlling the salt composition,the composite with high pyrrolic-N and minimized graphitic-N content was obtained.Profiting from the formation of highly crystalline PTI and electrochemically favorable pyrrolic-N configurations,the composite delivered an unusual reverse growth and record-level cycling stability even after 5000 cycles along with high reversible capacity and outstanding full-cell capacity retention.This work broadens the energy storage applications of C_(3)N_(4) and provides new prospects for the design of advanced all-carbon electrodes.

Study on the Fine Configuration of Reservoir in River Facies Oilfield in Bohai Sea Area

The geological conditions of offshore shallow water delta oil reservoirs were complex, with limited well data and large well spacing. Taking A Oilfield in the Bohai Sea Area, China as an example, the target sand body was formed in a shallow water delta sedimentary environment, with well-developed underwater distributary channels and frequent branching and diversion. The reservoir was strong non-uniformity and uneven plane water cut pressure. To this end, based on the existing work of predecessors, combined with seismic, logging, and production dynamics data, and based on the genesis mechanism of shallow water delta reservoirs, the boundary of composite river channels was identified through seismic facies, and logging facies were used to subdivide them into single river levels within the composite river channels. Then, seismic waveform characteristics were applied to track and characterize the plane distribution of single river channels, guiding the efficient development of offshore shallow water delta oil fields and achieving increased storage and production in Bohai Oilfield, China.

Research on Visualization and Interactive Design of Plant Configuration Virtual Reality in the Context of Digitalization

This study aims to explore the application of digital technology in landscape design,focusing on the research of virtual reality visualization and interactive design in the process of plant configuration.Through an in-depth analysis of digital technology,the study outlines its important role in landscape design,especially in the application of plant configuration.The current application status of virtual reality technology in landscape design is discussed,as well as how interactive design can enhance user experience and participation.Furthermore,the achievements and challenges of digital technology in landscape design are summarized.Finally,it proposes future research directions and suggestions,aiming to provide new ideas and methods for practice and research in the field of landscape design and promote the further application and development of digital technology in landscape design.

Feasibility Analysis of IMA Configuration Design Tool

With the widespread application of integrated modular aviation(IMA)electronic systems,the requirements of IMA characteristic analysis and configuration generation have also improved significantly."Configuration and design system based on AADL models(real-time,reliability,interactive complexity,and schedulability)analysis of the AADL model"mainly get through key characteristic analysis for optimization,combined with input of component parameter information and constraint information,assist designers in generating system configuration information,and form a comprehensive modular avionics system resource configuration strategy generation platform.Also,the tool can generate configuration plans for avionics system software and hardware physical architecture configuration.The analysis of the avionics system model mainly involves designers inputting the existing system model architecture for multi characteristic analysis,it can realize the multi-character analysis based on software intensive system architecture models for software dense systems.Inter-complexity and schedulability analysis,and according to characteristic constraint analysis、system model assessment parameters and system architecture constraint parameters to generate configuration scheme information that meets the requirements.The system can meet domestic and foreign software-intensive systems and meet its quality requirements.

Formation of Field Reversed Configuration (FRC) on the Yingguang-I device

As a hybrid approach to realizing fusion energy,Magnetized Target Fusion(MTF)based on the Field Reversed Configuration(FRC),which has the plasma density and confinement time in the range between magnetic and inertial confinement fusion,has been recently widely pursued around the world.To investigate the formation and confinement of the FRC plasma injector for MTF,the Yingguang-I,which is an FRC test device and contains a multi-bank program-discharged pulsed power sub-system,was constructed at the Institute of Fluid Physics(IFP),China.This paper presents the pulsed power components and their parameters of the device in detail,then gives a brief description of progress in experiments of FRC formation.Experimental results of the pulsed power sub-system show that the peak current/magnetic field of 110 kA/0.3 T,10 kA/1.2 Tand 1.7 MA/3.4 Twere achieved in the bias,mirror and q-pinch circuits with quarter cycle of 80 ms,700 ms and 3.8 ms respectively.The induced electric field in the neutral gas was greater than 0.25 kV/cm when the ionization bank was charged to 70 kV.With H_(2) gas of 8 Pa,the plasma target of density 10^(16) cm^(-3),separatrix radius 4 cm,half-length 17 cm,equilibrium temperature 200 eV and lifetime 3 ms(approximately the half pulse width of the reversed field)have been obtained through the q-pinch method when the bias,mirror,ionization and θ-pinch banks were charged to 5 kV,5 kV,55 kV and ±45 kV respectively.The images from the high-speed end-on framing camera demonstrate the formation processes of FRC and some features agree well with the results with the two-dimension magneto hydrodynamics code(2D-MHD).

基于FRC-AHP-FCE的医疗机构火灾风险评估

为提升医疗机构火灾风险评估的科学性和实用性,促使同时满足一般消防安全管理人员和消防监督检查人员的工作需求,依据国家和行业消防安全相关技术标准与规范文件等,结合医疗机构火灾风险评估的实际需求,制定了便于医疗机构日常消防安全管理与火灾风险防范的火灾风险检查表。为进一步量化检查表的结果,结合火灾风险检查表-层次分析-模糊综合评价法的相互优势,构建医疗机构火灾风险评估模型,以定量评估医疗机构的火灾风险水平。最后,对5所医院进行火灾风险评估,发现火灾风险综合评估值、火灾风险等级与医院实际检查的不合格项比例所呈现的风险高低水平相符,验证了模型的有效性。

Zinc–Bromine Rechargeable Batteries:From Device Configuration,Electrochemistry,Material to Performance Evaluation

Zinc–bromine rechargeable batteries(ZBRBs)are one of the most powerful candidates for next-generation energy storage due to their potentially lower material cost,deep discharge capability,non-flammable electrolytes,relatively long lifetime and good reversibility.However,many opportunities remain to improve the efficiency and stability of these batteries for long-life operation.Here,we discuss the device configurations,working mechanisms and performance evaluation of ZBRBs.Both non-flow(static)and flow-type cells are highlighted in detail in this review.The fundamental electrochemical aspects,including the key challenges and promising solutions,are discussed,with particular attention paid to zinc and bromine half-cells,as their performance plays a critical role in determining the electrochemical performance of the battery system.The following sections examine the key performance metrics of ZBRBs and assessment methods using various ex situ and in situ/operando techniques.The review concludes with insights into future developments and prospects for high-performance ZBRBs.

Environmental Analysis Using Integrated GIS and Spatial Configurations in Israel

The scope for environmental analysis constitutes a critical factor in recent times, yet demanding importance due to the concerns of environmental sustainability. The study aims at analysing the prospects of implementing an integrated GIS and spatial configuration for environment analysis in Israel. The study adopts an empirical study design to consider the multi-dimensional utilisation of an integrated GIS and spatial configuration for environment analysis. The study considers the materials and methods of the GIS system modelling as well, consisting of satellite imagery, GPS-based location identification, Esri ArcGIS, CyberGIS, and BIM integration to present a comprehensive system for the environmental analysis of Israel. The results of the study indicate that the threats of natural disasters and climate change can be identified based on the synergy of spatial data within an integrated GIS modelling. In many cases, it is also used in collaboration with a BIM to ensure that planning and decision-making processes are sustainable, economically beneficial and environmentally considered. Thus, it is concluded that environmental analysis through the projection of visually represented satellite imagery within an integrated GIS with spatial configurations in Israel can minimise the conflicts between the infrastructural designs, human activities, and environmental sustainability.

A Holistic Approach to Enhance FRCS General Surgery Examination Training Using Adult Learning Model: A Non-Profit Initiative

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of adult learning and simulation-based learning (SBL) on surgical trainees’ learning experiences and Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons (FRCS) Section 2 General Surgery examination pass rate. Methods: This was a cross-sequential study involving 148 surgical candidates (72 UK trainees, 75 non-UK trainees) who had attended our revision course (Phoenix FRCS Course) from June 2017 until 2023. Each course comprised a two-day weekend preparation with dedicated sections for clinical, viva, and academic reading, incorporating SBL as its key learning style. We maintained a prospective database of candidate and course details, examination results, and feedback since the course inception. Results: We found that 97% of candidates passed the FRCS examination after their first attempt. The course was attended once by 89% of candidates, and only 3 of the 148 candidates exhausted all four attempts at the examination. Candidate feedback for the course and its style of learning was positive, with simulation-based table viva sessions and virtual clinical sessions proving the most popular learning sessions (95% and 80% of candidates attending courses run in December 2017, April 2018, and May 2021 rated them “Excellent” respectively). Conclusions: The course is centered around shared adult learning and mindfulness tools to encourage candidates to learn from each other and develop confidence and mastery in all domains of surgical practice. These methods have been shown to be effective in achieving high success rates in the Intercollegiate and International FRCS examinations for UK and overseas surgeons.

Configuration Synthesis and Lightweight Networking of Deployable Mechanism Based on a Novel Pyramid Module

Deployable mechanism with preferable deployable performance,strong expansibility,and lightweight has attracted much attention because of their potential in aerospace.A basic deployable pyramid unit with good deployability and expandability is proposed to construct a sizeable deployable mechanism.Firstly,the basic unit folding principle and expansion method is proposed.The configuration synthesis method of adding constraint chains of spatial closed-loop mechanism is used to synthesize the basic unit.Then,the degree of freedom of the basic unit is analyzed using the screw theory and the link dismantling method.Next,the three-dimensional models of the pyramid unit,expansion unit,and array unit are established,and the folding motion simulation analysis is carried out.Based on the number of components,weight reduction rate,and deployable rate,the performance characteristics of the three types of mechanisms are described in detail.Finally,prototypes of the pyramid unit,combination unit,and expansion unit are developed to verify further the correctness of the configuration synthesis based on the pyramid.The proposed deployable mechanism provides aference for the design and application of antennas with a large aperture,high deployable rate,and lightweight.It has a good application prospect in the aerospace field.

Improvement in discharge characteristics and energy yield of ozone generation via configuration optimization of a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge reactor

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) has been widely employed in ozone generation.However,the technology still exhibits relatively low energy yield (E_(Y)) referring to its theoretical value.In this work,E_(Y)of ozone generation was improved by optimizing the mesh number,electrode length,and dielectric material in a coaxial DBD reactor with two wire mesh electrodes.Meanwhile,the discharge characteristics were investigated to elucidate the effect of reactor configuration on E_(Y).Results showed that the discharge characteristics were improved by increasing the mesh number,electrode length,and relative permittivity.When the mesh number was increased from 40 to 100,an improvement of approximately 48%in E_(Y) was obtained.Additionally,higher E_(Y) values were obtained using corundum as the dielectric material relative to polytetrafluoroethylene and quartz.Ultimately,E_(Y) in the optimal DBD reactor could reach 326.77 g·(k W·h)^(-1).Compared with the reported DBD reactor,the coaxial DBD reactor with the mesh electrode and the dielectric material of corundum could effectively improve E_(Y),which lays a foundation for the design of high-efficiency coaxial DBD reactor.

Quasi-static magnetic compression of field-reversed configuration plasma:amended scalings and limits from two-dimensional MHD equilibrium

In this work,several key scaling laws of the quasi-static magnetic compression of field reversed configuration(FRC)plasma(Spencer et al 1983 Phys.Fluids 261564)are amended from a series of two-dimensional FRC MHD equilibriums numerically obtained using the Grad–Shafranov equation solver NIMEQ.Based on the new scaling for the elongation and the magnetic fields at the separatrix and the wall,the empirically stable limits for the compression ratio,the fusion gain,and the neutron yield are evaluated,which may serve as a more accurate estimate for the upper ceiling of performance from the magnetic compression of FRC plasma as a potential fusion energy as well as neutron source devices.

Seismic Attribute Gradient Analysis and Reservoir Configuration Study of Shallow Water Delta Reservoir in Huanghekou Sag

The geological conditions of shallow offshore delta oil reservoirs are complex. Under the condition of less well data and larger well spacing, the traditional reservoir configuration method is difficult to solve the detailed study of such reservoirs in offshore oil fields. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the seismic phase, data of well log. The paper identifies criteria of the quaternary configuration boundary in shallow water delta of different types with distributary sand dam is established. At the same time, this paper used sensitive factor to construct the edge detection operator based on the amplitude attribute, characterizing the boundary of sand body thickness mutation or physical property mutation quantitatively, realizing the quantitative characterization of four-stage configuration boundary in the region with no wells or few wells, guiding the efficient development of offshore shallow water delta oilfield, and realizing the increase of storage and production of Bohai oilfield.

Fast Verification of Network Configuration Updates

With the expansion of network services,large-scale networks have progressively become common.The network status changes rapidly in response to customer needs and configuration changes,so network configuration changes are also very frequent.However,no matter what changes,the network must ensure the correct conditions,such as isolating tenants from each other or guaranteeing essential services.Once changes occur,it is necessary to verify the after-changed network.Whereas,for the verification of large-scale network configuration changes,many current verifiers show poor efficiency.In order to solve the problem ofmultiple global verifications caused by frequent updates of local configurations in large networks,we present a fast configuration updates verification tool,FastCUV,for distributed control planes.FastCUV aims to enhance the efficiency of distributed control plane verification for medium and large networks while ensuring correctness.This paper presents a method to determine the network range affected by the configuration change.We present a flow model and graph structure to facilitate the design of verification algorithms and speed up verification.Our scheme verifies the network area affected by obtaining the change of the Forwarding Information Base(FIB)before and after.FastCUV supports rich network attributes,meanwhile,has high efficiency and correctness performance.After experimental verification and result analysis,our method outperforms the state-of-the-art method to a certain extent.

A rescaling algorithm for multi-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method towards turbulent flows with complex configurations

Understanding and modeling flows over porous layers are of great industrial significance.To accurately solve the turbulent multi-scale flows on complex configurations,a rescaling algorithm designed for turbulent flows with the Chapman-Enskog analysis is proposed.The mesh layout and the detailed rescaling procedure are also introduced.Direct numerical simulations(DNSs)for a turbulent channel flow and a porous walled turbulent channel flow are performed with the three-dimensional nineteen-velocity(D3Q19)multiple-relaxation-time(MRT)lattice Boltzmann method(LBM)to validate the accuracy,adaptability,and computational performance of the present rescaling algorithm.The results,which are consistent with the previous DNS studies based on the finite difference method and the LBM,demonstrate that the present method can maintain the continuity of the macro values across the grid interface and is able to adapt to complex geometries.The reasonable time consumption of the rescaling procedure shows that the present method can accurately calculate various turbulent flows with multi-scale and complex configurations while maintaining high computational efficiency.