关于CONFIRMED研究中伐地那非与西地那非临床疗效的比较

CONFIRMED研究是完全遵循良好试验设计规范进行设计的一项研究。该研究是一项非劣性设计,主要目的是比较伐地那非与西地那非在治疗男性勃起功能障碍(ED)方面患者选择的倾向性,结果表明,总体倾向性伐地那非优于西地那非,尤其在总体满意度、性交满意度及伴侣关系满意度等方面显著优于西地那非。通过比较伐地那非与西地那非的结构,伐地那非的结构更具优势,其5型磷酸二酯酶(PDE5)选择性远远高于西地那非,这是伐地那非临床疗效优于西地那非的分子学基础。本研究提供了伐地那非优于西地那非的临床证据,进一步证实了伐地那非是对ED患者进行治疗的一线药物。

Future Blueprint for Base Enterprises Confirmed

On Dec.19th,2007,Base Enterprises Exchange Conference, organized by China Textiles Development Center,was held in the conference room of the China National Textile & Apparel Council Mr.Sun Ruizhe,the vice president of China National Textile & Apparel Council and president of China Textile Information Center,attended the conference and exchange views with the representatiVes of those base enterprises,besides,

A Prenyltransferase Gene Confirmed to Be a Carotenogenic CRTE Gene from Sweetpotato

Sweetpotato （Ipomoea batatas L. Lain.） ranks fifth among the most important food crops, after rice, wheat, maize and cas- sava, on a fresh-weight basis in developing countries （Scott and Maldonado, 1999）. Sweetpotato cultivars have white, yellow, purple or orange flesh, but only orange-fleshed sweetpotato cultivars are the rich sources of β-carotene, which is the precursor of vitamin A （Failla et al., 2009）. Accordingly, the orange-fleshed sweetpotato is the main source of 6-carotene for the people in underdeveloped coun- tries in Africa and Southeast Asia. Unfortunately, theβ-caro- tene content in most sweetpotato cultivars is rather low and insufficient in meeting the normal demand of human physi- ology （Liao et al., 2008）. Hence, developing sweetpotato cultivars rich inβ-carotene will be most desirable in crop development.

Survey of Framer Credit Demands in China with Tianjin as an Example

Giving farmers more rights and interests on land property is the basis of achieving balanced and coordinated economic development between urban and rural areas as well as building a sharing economy during the period of economic transition in China.Based on the survey data of suburban households of Tianjin,in this paper,measurement method was adopted to study factors influencing farmer s willingness on land management right mortgage.The results shows that the willingness of individual farmer on mortgage is not strong,however,their willingness on mortgage is bound to have a significant relationship with farmland right confirmation and land transfer and other factors.Finally,it is concluded that it is necessary to promote land transfer on the basis of land right of confirmation while carrying out farmland mortgage under the premise of large-scale operation in China.

Functional Confirmation Using a Medical X-Ray System of a Semiconductor Survey Meter

In recent years, semiconductor survey meters have been developed and are in increasing demand worldwide. This study determined if it is possible to use the X-ray system installed in each medical facility to calculate the time constant of a semiconductor survey meter and confirm the meter’s function. An additional filter was attached to the medical X-ray system to satisfy the standards of N-60 to N-120, more copper plates were added as needed, and the first and second half-value layers were calculated to enable comparisons of the facility’s X-ray system quality with the N-60 to N-120 quality values. Next, we used a medical X-ray system to measure the leakage dose and calculate the time constant of the survey meter. The functionality of the meter was then checked and compared with the energy characteristics of the meter. The experimental results showed that it was possible to use a medical X-ray system to reproduce the N-60 to N-120 radiation quality values and to calculate the time constant from the measured results, assuming actual leakage dosimetry for that radiation quality. We also found that the calibration factor was equivalent to that of the energy characteristics of the survey meter.

8th human bird flu case confirmed in Hunan

The Ministry of Health on January 9 announced the country＇s eighth human case of H5N1 bird flu.

Suspected Close Contacts as the Pilot Indicator of the Growth Trend of Confirmed Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Simulation Approach

Regarding to the actual situation of the new coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic,social factors should be taken into account and the increasing growth trend of confirmed populations needs to be explained.A proper model needs to be established,not only to simulate the epidemic,but also to evaluate the future epidemic situation and find a pilot indicator for the outbreak.The original susceptible-infectious-recover model is modified into the susceptible-infectious-quarantine-confirm-recover combined with social factors(SIDCRL)model,which combines the natural transmission with social factors such as external interventions and isolation.The numerical simulation method is used to imitate the change curve of the cumulative number of the confirmed cases and the number of cured patients.Furthermore,we investigate the relationship between the suspected close contacts(SCC)and the final outcome of the growth trend of confirmed cases with a simulation approach.This article selects four representative countries,that is,China,South Korea,Italy,and the United States,and gives separate numerical simulations.The simulation results of the model fit the actual situation of the epidemic development and reasonable predictions are made.In addition,it is analyzed that the increasing number of SCC contributes to the epidemic outbreak and the prediction of the United States based on the population of the SCC highlights the importance of external intervention and active prevention measures.The simulation of the model verifies its reliability and stresses that observable variable SCC can be taken as a pilot indicator of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

神奇的可重复“3+1”现象——双腔起搏器的A-cap^(TM)confirm功能

本文报告1例因窦性停搏安装圣犹达起搏器后,动态心电图上出现连续可重复的心电图片段,可见3跳房室顺序起搏后恢复1跳基础起搏间期,即“3+1”现象;持续一段时间后可见17跳基础频率起搏后外加1跳心房测试脉冲下的失夺获起搏,即“17+1”现象。上述两种现象在1 d中每隔8 h又可重复出现。既往报道圣犹达心室自动化阈值管理功能,即自动夺获(Auto Capture)功能的文章较多,较少有心房自动化阈值管理(A-cap^(TM)confirm)功能的相关报道,而本文主要介绍A-cap^(TM)confirm功能在动态心电图中的体现。

Anti-thymocyte globulin for treatment of T-cell-mediated allograft rejection

Anti-thymocyte globulin(ATG)is a pivotal immunosuppressive therapy utilized in the management of T-cell-mediated rejection and steroid-resistant rejection among renal transplant recipients.Commercially available as Thymoglobulin(rabbit-derived,Sanofi,United States),ATG-Fresenius S(rabbit-derived),and ATGAM(equine-derived,Pfizer,United States),these formulations share a common mechanism of action centered on their interaction with cell surface markers of immune cells,imparting immunosuppressive effects.Although the prevailing mechanism predominantly involves T-cell depletion via the complement-mediated pathway,alternate mechanisms have been elucidated.Optimal dosing and treatment duration of ATG have exhibited variance across randomised trials and clinical reports,rendering the establishment of standardized guidelines a challenge.The spectrum of risks associated with ATG administration spans from transient adverse effects such as fever,chills,and skin rash in the acute phase to long-term concerns related to immunosuppression,including susceptibility to infections and malignancies.This comprehensive review aims to provide a thorough exploration of the current understanding of ATG,encompassing its mechanism of action,clinical utility in the treatment of acute renal graft rejections,specifically steroid-resistant cases,efficacy in rejection episode reversal,and a synthesis of findings from different eras of maintenance immunosuppression.Additionally,it delves into the adverse effects associated with ATG therapy and its impact on long-term graft function.Furthermore,the review underscores the existing gaps in evidence,particularly in the context of the Banff classification of rejections,and highlights the challenges faced by clinicians when navigating the available literature to strike the optimal balance between the risks and benefits of ATG utilization in renal transplantation.

How does Covid-19 affect global equity markets?

This study applies OLS,panel regression and Granger causality test to investigate the impact of the Coronavirus disease 2019(Covid-19)outbreak on the global equity markets during the early stage of the pandemic.We find that the Covid-19 outbreak has a significant negative impact on the overall equity index return of the eight economies even at 0.1%significance level.Furthermore,the pandemic has a more significant impact on the European countries than on the East Asian economies.The results have three main implications.Firstly,policy makers should react fast to mitigate the impact of a crisis.Secondly,investors should be aware of an outbreak of disease or other risks and adjust their investments accordingly.Furthermore,the Covid-19 outbreak results in a shift of power from the west to the east.

Long-term safety follow-up of children from a randomized-controlled phase Ⅱb proof-of-concept efficacy study of the live,attenuated,tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV) in Thailand

Objective:To investigate the long-term safety of a tetravalent dengue vaccine(CYD-TDV)in children in a phase Ⅱ b follow-up study in Thailand.Methods:In the phase Ⅱb study,children aged 4-11 years were randomized(2:1)to receive three injections of CYD-TDV or serve as control at 6-month intervals,with 25 months’ active follow-up(active phase).This study was an additional four-year passive surveillance for hospitalized virologically-confirmed dengue(VCD;hospital phase).Cases of hospitalized VCD,severe hospitalized VCD,vaccine-related serious adverse events,and deaths were reported for the total population,with post-hoc analyses by enrollment age(<9 and≥9 years).Results:Of 3 997 participants receiving≥1 injection,80.1% were recruited to the hospital phase[2 131(CYD-TDV);1 072(control)].Eighty-five hospitalized VCD cases were reported in the CYD-TDV group and 46 in the control group during the four-year hospital phase[relative risk(RR):0.93,95% confidence interval(Cl):0.64-1.36].The RR over six years of follow-up was 0.77(95% CI:0.57-1.05).In those aged≥9 years,the cumulative RRs in the active phase,hospital phase,and entire six years were 0.28(95% CI:0.08-0.81),0.51(95% CI:0.25-1.05),and 0.42(95% CI:0.24-0.75),respectively.In the overall population,there were ten severe hospitalized VCD cases in the CYD-TDV group and five in the control group over six years(RR:1.00,95% CI:0.31-3.75).Conclusions:Over six years of follow-up,in children aged ≥9 years,CYD-TDV administration is associated with a reduced risk of hospitalized VCD.

Atypical imaging features of the primary spinal cord glioblastoma:A case report

BACKGROUND Primary spinal cord(PSC)glioblastoma(GB)is an extremely rare but fatal primary tumor of the central nervous system and associated with a poor prognosis.While typical tumor imaging features are generally easy to recognize,glioblastoma multiforme can have a wide range of imaging findings.Atypical GB is often misdiagnosed,which usually delays the optimal time for treatment.In this article,we discuss a clinical case of pathologically confirmed PSC GB under the guise of benign tumor imaging findings,as well as the most recent literature pertaining to PSC GB.CASE SUMMARY A 70-year-old female complained of limb weakness lasting more than 20 d.Irregular masses were observed inside and outside the left foramina of the spinal canal at C7-T1 on medical imaging.Based on the imaging features,radiologists diagnosed the patient with schwannoma.Tumor resection was performed under general anesthesia.The final histopathological findings revealed a final diagnosis of PSC GB,world health organization Grade IV.The patient subsequently underwent a 4-wk course of radiotherapy(60 Gy in 20 fractions)combined with temozolomide chemotherapy.The patient was alive at the time of submission of this manuscript.CONCLUSION Atypical GB presented unusual imaging findings,which led to misdiagnosis.Therefore,a complete recognition of imaging signs may facilitate early accurate diagnosis.

COVID-19: Africa’s Challenge and the Need for a Paradigm Shift on the Use of Ventilators

Background: The December 2019 Chinese epidemic of Corona Virus Disease [COVID-19], which erupted in Wuhan, South China, was declared a pandemic, by the World Health Organization [WHO], on 12th January 2020. The worldwide spread from China was rapid, but Africa was the last port-of-call. Her first diagnosed case was two months after China’s, on 14th February, 2020 in Egypt. The morbidity and mortality rates have, however, remained lower in Africa than in the developed world, and analysts believe that it was more of a temporary respite, since Africa’s poor health infrastructure will become her eventual albatross. Methodology: Data were collected on COVID-19 and records of the socio-economic capacity of Africa by accessing the relevant previous and current peer-reviewed publications from multiple search engines on internet. The data were, then, collated and comparatively analyzed. Results: The available data revealed that Africa had, mostly, the milder forms of COVID-19, and so, morbidity and mortality were low. Her shrinking elderly population and hot climate were believed to be contributory, but lately, as the pandemic spread, the role of these factors was not exactly predictive. Being low on healthcare infrastructure, Africa could tenaciously leverage on the supportive and preventive measures prescribed by WHO, while the world awaited a vaccine. The role of ventilators in the care of critically ill patients, also, came under scrutiny as some workers were questioning the underlying pathology, and advocating a paradigm shift from high-tech positive end expiratory pressure ventilation to plasmapheresis and packed cell transfusion. Conclusion: Africa faces a huge challenge with COVID-19, but the predicted heavy mortalities may be reduced by some local confounding factors, control of spread and re-focusing of critical care away from the expensive and unavailable ventilators.

Neonatal Cerebrospinal Fluid, Bacterial Analysis as Seen at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital: A Five-Year Review

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid analysis is a very important tool in the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis in the new born. Bacterial meningitis is a potent cause of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal age group, with a very high incidence of neurological complications. Aim: To identify the bacterial pathogens isolated from the cerebrospinal fluids of neonates at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) and their sensitivity patterns. This will assist the neonatologist in the choice of empirical antibiotic treatment. Study Design: Retrospective, descriptive, cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2014. Methods: Records of bacterial analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from neonates seen at the special care baby unit of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital with clinical suspicion of meningitis between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2014 were retrieved from the microbiology record book. Data on patients age, sex, appearance of Cerebrospinal fluid, cell count, microscopy/gram stain, culture and antibiotic sensitivity were retrieved from laboratory record books and entered into a Microsoft? excel spread sheet and analysed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: One hundred and thirteen neonates: 70 (61.95%) of these patients were male while 43 (38.05%) were females. Only 1 (0.89%) was positive for culture yielding a growth of Escherichia coli which was sensitive to Imipenem, moderately sensitive to Ampicillin, Gentamicin, ceftazidime, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin and Amoxicillinclavulanic acid. It was resistant to cefotaxime. 112 (99.11%) of the neonates had presumed neonatal meningitis while only 1 (0.89%) had proven neonatal meningitis. Conclusions: There is a low yield of organisms in cerebrospinal fluid of neonates at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital.

Lenzing solid in a significantly more challenging market environment

Continued positive development of specialties business with revenue share of already more than 48 percent Commitment to long-term growth plan – investment in new 100,000 tons plant in Thailand approved Significantly more challenging market environment for standard viscose with historically low prices Outlook for 2019 confirmed.

The Confirmation of the Neoproterozoic Langshan Group in Inner Mongolia and Its Significance

There is a large Mesoproterozoic rift at the northern margin of North China Craton （NCC）, and one of China＇s most important metallogenic belts, the Langshan-Zhaertai Shan-Bayan Obo mesoproterozoic metallogenic belt is just located in this rift. This metallogenic belt contains some large or ultra-large ore deposits, such as the Bayan Obo iron deposits and ultra-large rare earth deposits, and the large Dongshengmiao Cu-Pb-Zn sulphide deposits.

Determination of 8 Diuretics and Probenecid in Human Urine by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: Confirmation Procedure

A fast and sensitive method for determination of 8 diuretics (acetazolamide, bendroflumethiazide, bumetanide, chlorthalidone, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, metolazone, triamterene) and masking agent (probenecid) in human urine using gas-chromatography with mass spectrometric detection is described. The extraction of the substances as function of the nature of organic solvent, mixing time and pH of aqueous phase was studied. The tandem mass spectrometry was used to increase selectivity of diuretics determination due to elimination of background interferences. Fragmentation reactions were studied for each compound and their collision energies were optimized to obtain the best selectivity. The results of method’s validation demonstrate its suitability in routine analysis for confirmation purposes.

Pear Blossom Blast Caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae in China

This study was done to determine the causal organism of the pear blossom and bud blast in China. It was identified by a bacteriological test, electro-microscopic observation, Koch＇s postulate test, Biolog, fatty acid methyl esters （FAMEs）, and a polymerase chain reaction （PCR） test, and compared with the standard reference strains. Six representative strains out of 20 pathogenic bacterial isolates from 16 diseased samples showed characteristics similar to three standard strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae from Belgium. They were identified as P. syringae pv. syringae with a Biolog similarity of 0.57-0.86 and FAMEs similarity of 0.58-0.81. The bacterium was reisolated from the symptomatic plants and blossoms. Identification as P. syringae pv. syringae was confirmed by using PCR primers and sequence tests, and compared with the above-mentioned results. The data supported the fact that the pear blossom and bud blast in China could be caused by P. syringae pv. syringae.

Application of Nuc-mtDNA and DNA methylation analysis in life science and medical studies

To appreciate the two significant findings,namely the independent confirmation of the existence of Neanderthal genes in modern humans in 2010,and a clear description of the genetic history of an archaic hominin group from Denisova Cave in Siberia in 2010,the 2022 Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology was recently awarded to Dr.Svante Paabo[1].This year’s Nobel prize recognized the value of molecular paleoanthropology,which investigates the past of human beings.The application of this genetic analysis is even more valuable to our present and future.

Etiology and surgical treatment of hilar bile duct strictures

Objective To improve curative effects in treatment of hilar bile duct strictures. Methods The clinical data of 76 patients with hilar bile duct strictures treated in our hospital from 1990 to 2000 were analyzed. The diagnosis was determined by cholangitis of 3 chief signs: increase in ALP and 7-GGT, intra-and extra hepatic bile duct dilatation showed by BUS and CT and confirmation by PTC and/or ERCP. The site of strictures was classified according to Bismuth standard. Results Amongst the 76 patients, 60. 5% suffered from injurious strictures, including Bismuth Ⅰ in 13%, Bismuth Ⅱ in 39%, Bismuth Ⅲ in 19. 4% and Bismuth Ⅳ in 28. 2%. Inflammatory strictures were found in 28 patients, including LHD in 13(46.4%) ,RHD in 10(35.7%) and CHD in 5 (17. 9 % ). The percentages of patients with strictures due to Mirizzy syndrome, choledo-cyst and sclerosing cholangitis were 9. 2 % , 3. 9 % and 2.6%, respectively. Repair with umbilical vein was performed in 9. 2% and that with high-level choledochojejuostomy