Comparison and Contrast of Educational Thoughts of Confucius and Socrates

Both Confucius and Socrates are outstanding philosophers in the history of human civilization.Their thoughts are thesource of Eastern and Western culture and educational thoughts respectively.For example,the"humanity"advocated by Confuciushas had a great impact on Chinese society in the next two thousand years.And nowadays,this idea has broken through nationalboundaries and spread to all over the world.And,the famous"Socratic Method"has also exerted a tremendous influence on theeastern world,especially in education.And many schools use it to cultivate the critical thinking ability of students.In short,theirthoughts are rich in content and have far-reaching impact.Although in their educational thoughts are some similarities,they stillhave their own unique characteristics.Based on this understanding,this paper,from the perspective of cultural comparison and con-trast,regards Confucius’and Socrates’educational thoughts as the research focus,and draws the similarities and differences be-tween them through analysis,in order to comprehend them better.

Xi Jinping’s Analysis of “A Common Future for Humanity”:Its Relation to Marx’s Das Kapital

President Xi Jinping’s analysis of “a common future for humanity” is one of the most important and original features of China’s foreign policy and of “Xi Jinping’s Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era”.This concept is comprehensible not only in classical Chinese but in Western philosophical thought.Therefore,it is a creative development of Marxism whose accurate relation to economic reality,provides an exceptionally firm basis for China’s foreign policy and that of other countries.

Human Intelligence,Human Nature and Humanism:Approaches &Strategic Implications of Engels' Three Major Human Thoughts

Based on the study of Engels' thought of Marxist humanism and combined with the current academic discussions on Marx's"all-round person","whole person"and"free person"and other related discussions,this paper, from the perspectives of human educational knowledge,human fraternity and human realization,aims to establish Engels' path of"trinity"in the humanistic construction of"human intelligence,human nature and humanism."

For a Legal Guarantee to Improve People’s Livelihood and Protect Human Rights——Thoughts on policy concerning Social Insurance Law (draft)

The People＇s Republic of China Social Insurance Law （draft） has undergone three readings at the Standing Committee of the National People＇s Congress. The Law, once promulgated, will be of great significance to implementation of the constitutional principle of ＂respecting and protecting human rights.＂ It will help regulate the various social insurance relationships and the rights and obligations of the parties involved.

On the Quadruple Qualities of Marxist Thought on Human Rights

Marxist human rights thought has realized an epochmaking change in human rights thought and has distinguished itself from capitalist human rights thought with its distinctive character.Marxist human rights thought has a humanistic character,starts from human nature and its essence,regards human rights as an important means to realize the all-round development of human beings and the fundamental proof of human liberation.Marxist human rights thought is characterized by being people-centered,and expresses the desire of the masses,with the proletariat as the main body,to realize a better life through the guarantee of human rights.Marxist human rights thought has a practical character,is based on practical materialism,advocates that human rights are derived from the social practice and promotes social practice toward civilization and progress.Marxist human rights thought has the character of rule of law,guides legal governance to the rule of good law,and lays the guarantee fot human rights on the foundation of substantive rule of law.

Thoughts on the Issue of China's Human Rights

Overview of Some Basic Issues of China It is important to note China＇s human rights enlightenment dating back to the 1970s is not the product of external driving forces as some scholars believe.

Cognitive Interpretation of Thought of Benevolence in Confucianism

Confucianism thought has had an important role in many aspects of Chinese,and it has become the shared national spirit of Chinese nation. The core of Confucianism thought is the thought of benevolence,a great recreation of Chinese ancient great ideologists and educators,which is based on ritual and music culture of Confucianism,reflecting the philosophy of zeitgeist in various stages of social changes. The paper begins with the statement of connotation of the thought of benevolence in Confucianism. Then,six aspects of the thought,the benevolent loving others,principle of benevolence and loyalty,loving all people and animals,etc. are interpreted,including the practical significance of the thought,which provides effective reference for the application of the thought of benevolence in the present construction of harmonious society.

The Mathematical and Physical Theory of Rational Human Intelligence: Complete Empirical-Digital Properties;Full Electrochemical-Mechanical Model (Part I: Mathematical Foundations)

The design of this paper is to present the first installment of a complete and final theory of rational human intelligence. The theory is mathematical in the strictest possible sense. The mathematics involved is strictly digital—not quantitative in the manner that what is usually thought of as mathematics is quantitative. It is anticipated at this time that the exclusively digital nature of rational human intelligence exhibits four flavors of digitality, apparently no more, and that each flavor will require a lengthy study in its own right. (For more information,please refer to the PDF.)

The Physical Laws and Mathematical Axioms of the Brain’s OS and the Traditional Fundamental Laws of Thought of Logic and Philosophy

This article presents four (4) additions to a book on the brain’s OS published by SciRP in 2015 [1]. It is a kind of appendix to the book. Some familiarity with the earlier book is presupposed. The book itself proposes a complete physical and mathematical blueprint of the brain’s OS. A first addition to the book (see Chapters 5 to 10 below) concerns the relation between the afore-mentioned blueprint and the more than 2000-year-old so-called fundamental laws of thought of logic and philosophy, which came to be viewed as being three (3) in number, namely the laws of 1) Identity, 2) Contradiction, and 3) the Excluded Middle. The blueprint and the laws cannot both be the final foundation of the brain’s OS. The design of the present paper is to interpret the laws in strictly mathematical terms in light of the blueprint. This addition constitutes the bulk of the present article. Chapters 5 to 8 set the stage. Chapters 9 and 10 present a detailed mathematical analysis of the laws. A second addition to the book (Chapter 11) concerns the distinction between the laws and the axioms of the brain’s OS. Laws are part of physics. Axioms are part of mathematics. Since the theory of the brain’s OS involves both physics and mathematics, it exhibits both laws and axioms. A third addition (Chapter 12) to the book involves an additional flavor of digitality in the brain’s OS. In the book, there are five (5). But brain chemistry requires a sixth. It will be called Existence Digitality. A fourth addition (Chapter 13) concerns reflections on the role of imagination in theories of physics in light of the ignorance of deeper causes. Chapters 1 to 4 present preliminary matter, for the most part a brief survey of general concepts derived from what is in the book [1]. Some historical notes are gathered at the end in Chapter 14.

On the Embodiment of Chinese Classical Thought in Whitman's Urban Ecological Poetics——Taking the Riverbank of the Ferry Crossing Last Winter as an Example

Whitman believes that people in cities should establish a harmonious relationship between humans and nature.In his urban imagination,humans are a common link in the entire ecosystem.As a part of heaven and earth,everything is one.Through dialogue with nature,Whitman explored that man and nature should be equal and harmonious.Whitman embodies the unique urban ecological poetics in his essay the Riverbank of the Ferry Crossing Last Winter,which contains Chinese classical thought of harmony between man and nature.

Overview of the Symposium on Human Rights Cause in China in the New Era

The symposium on the "Progress of Human Rights Development in the New Era in China" was jointly hosted by the China Society for Human Rights Studies and the Publicity Department of the Guangdong Provincial Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and organized by Guangzhou University Institute for Human Rights in Guangzhou on 19 December 2017. Scholars and experts from more than 20 universities and institutes, as well as delegates from over 10 ministries and commissions under the State Council participated in the symposium. The symposium explored four themes: "Human Rights Connotations in Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era", "The Progress of Human Rights Development in China after the 18 th National Congress of the CPC", "The Prospective of Human Rights Development in the New Era in China", as well as "Building a Community with a Shared Future for Human Beings and the Progress of the Human Rights Development of the World". This Paper is a record of the important opinions articulated during the Symposium.

论习近平文化思想的科学体系

以新时代关于文化建设的“文本群”为文献依据,可以将习近平文化思想的主要内容概括为十个命题。坚持党对社会主义文化建设的全面领导,坚持马克思主义在意识形态领域指导地位的根本制度,坚持建设具有强大凝聚力和引领力的社会主义意识形态,坚持以人民为中心的社会主义文化工作导向,坚持以“两个结合”为核心的社会主义文化创新发展的科学原则和方法论,坚持建设物质文明和精神文明相协调的社会主义现代化,坚持以系统观念全面推进社会主义文化建设,坚持以文化创新推动社会主义文化大发展大繁荣,坚持以文化自信自强建设中华民族现代文明,坚持以全球文明倡议推动建设人类文明新形态。十者环环相扣、层层递进,构成了习近平文化思想的科学体系。习近平文化思想是贯穿于习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的文化红线,将新时代各个专门领域的党的创新理论联结成为一个有机整体。

建设社会主义文化强国与习近平文化思想的体系性学理性

党的二十届三中全会提出深化文化体制机制改革以加快建设社会主义文化强国的战略部署。建设社会主义文化强国是新时代中国共产党人新的文化使命之一,是进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的奋斗目标之一,是习近平文化思想的重要内容。习近平文化思想学理性回应和解答社会主义文化强国建设面临的历史性课题和重大时代课题,系统性回应社会主义文化强国建设面临的中国之问、世界之问、人民之问、时代之问,全面性部署社会主义文化强国建设的理论工作与实践工作,科学性指明社会主义文化强国建设的路线图和任务书,为中国共产党人担负起新时代新的文化使命提供了强大思想武器和科学行动指南。习近平文化思想的学理性是其体系性的内在基础,体系性是其学理性的外在表现,从理论与实践相结合的维度指导社会主义文化强国建设,标志中国共产党对社会主义文化建设规律的认识达到新高度,推动中国式现代化走向建设中华民族现代文明和创造人类文明新形态的高度。

深刻把握习近平文化思想理论特质的三重向度

习近平文化思想是一个论述深刻、意蕴深厚的科学思想体系。深刻把握习近平文化思想的理论特质,需要综合运用多重向度。具体而言,从守正与创新向度看,习近平文化思想既坚持了马克思主义魂脉、中华优秀传统文化根脉,又丰富发展了马克思主义文化理论、赓续传承了中华文脉,实现了守正、创新的有机统一。就内生与外铄向度而言,习近平文化思想在强调独立自主开展新时代文化建设的同时,不忘借鉴吸收世界先进文化,使自身在独立自主与开放包容的交叠中日益深化发展。从民族性与世界性向度看,习近平文化思想不但始终坚持中华文化立场,在高度肯定中华优秀传统文化的时代价值的基础上提出新的文化使命,积极推动中华文明的伟大复兴,而且饱含深厚的人类文明情怀,提出“平等相待、交流互鉴、和谐共生”的世界新文明观,推动人类文明走向共同繁荣。

以孔子的眼光看古典文明

孔子是一个“划时代”的人物,其思想包含两个时代的差异和矛盾。比如孔子的“仁”的观念,即表现了从仪式中心向伦理中心的转变。分析孔子人生和思想的两重性,有助于澄清“轴心突破”理论所造成的对孔子和古典文明的两个误解:其一强调孔子在“突破”“超越”方面的特色而不重视他对周代礼乐的继承,其二强调古典文明对秩序、规范、节制的重视而忽视它同思想自由、言论自由的关系。在此基础上看古典文明的特质,可以建立一个明确的认识,即作为华夏人进入文明时代以后全部智慧之结晶,古典文明既包含多种思想形态又有丰富的历史层次。

人与自然和谐共生现代化的内涵演进及甘肃实践

党的二十大报告指出,中国式现代化是人与自然和谐共生的现代化。这是新时代中国特色社会主义建设的根本任务之一,为美丽中国建设之甘肃篇章指明了新的奋斗方向和前进道路。首先,对人与自然和谐共生现代化这一科学论断产生的现实根基、重要意义及其内涵层次与演进关系进行了系统剖析,辨析了其产生的背景和内在逻辑;其次,结合新时代甘肃在环境污染治理、自然保护区恢复等“人—地”和谐关系构建及发展方面的实践例证分析,表明了探索生态保护与经济发展互促共进是一条完全可行的科学发展之路、双赢之路,且其成效显著;最后,紧扣甘肃脆弱生态环境的天然禀赋和社会发展中的主要矛盾,为构建更高质量的人与自然和谐共生现代化建设蓝图,提出了与时俱进的发展路径对策。

现代化进程中的中欧人权思想互鉴

中国和欧洲的传统文化中都蕴含着丰富的潜在人权资源。在现代化进程中,中华优秀传统文化“东学西渐”,对欧洲产生了一定的启蒙作用,助力了欧洲人权学说的创立。反过来,欧洲人权学说“西学东渐”,也激发中华优秀传统文化中的人权资源实现自我突破,萌发了中国的人权理念。在《世界人权宣言》的制定过程中,中国代表与欧洲代表相互交流、共同探索,为全球人权共识的达成作出了贡献。改革开放以来,中欧人权交流更为广泛并趋于平衡。中欧在平等和开放的基础上加强人权交流,不仅有助于中欧双方人权视野的拓展和人权共识的达成,也会为全球人权交流树立样板,促进世界人权事业共同和谐发展。

山水思想下传统人居环境营建经验探析——以楚国都城为例

生态时代的人居环境建设离不开对历史的梳理。通过历史考据、问题剖析、田野调查与图解分析的系统性方法,首先,从山水精神化、山水哲学化和山水文化化3个层面的独特视角,对传统文化中山水思想的起源进行了梳理;其次,从实践层面讨论了山水思想下的都市营建实践策略与经验;最后,以春秋战国时期楚国都城的营建为例,从都城择址、布局与城防等层面讨论了传统山水思想的外化与实践观。期望能够从山水思想的研究中寻找到当代理想人居的文化资源和理论信息,为当代生态城市的推进提供有益启示。

全人类共同价值的原创性贡献

全人类共同价值是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要创新点,是习近平外交思想的重要内容。全人类共同价值精辟凝练了人类社会最核心的价值追求,深刻阐释了这一价值体系中各要素之间的相互关系。和平与发展是对人类基本福祉的深切关照,公平与正义是对国际秩序演进方向的共同期盼,民主与自由是现代政治文明的重要价值取向,三大要素集中表达了人类社会发展由物质追求、秩序构建走向更高水平精神追求的必然要求。在理论层面,全人类共同价值首次提出了不同国家不同文明共同遵循的价值体系,历史性地超越了西方的普世价值和文明冲突论,为不同国家超越文化差异和意识形态分歧提供了精神纽带。在实践层面,全人类共同价值作为一个重要的思想倡议,为推动构建人类命运共同体提供了价值基础,为价值观领域的中外融通提供了理论支撑,为新时代中国特色大国外交的全面开展提供了价值指引。

现实主义思潮与百年中国儿童文学的演化

在百年中国儿童文学的演进历程中,理论预设与创作实践上的错位体现在“为艺术”还是“为现实”的歧异上。在历史化的动态发展语境里,现实主义作为艺术手法被理论家不断地阐释与更新,并逐渐生成为具有中国特质的儿童文学思潮。从发生期融入人学体系的考量,到革命与抗战语境的思想牵引,中国儿童文学的现实主义传统得以建构和彰显。在新时期“写什么”和“怎么写”的方向性选择中,批判现实主义的复归助益中国儿童文学主体性的创构。新世纪儿童文学聚焦“中国式童年”,深植于现实的文化土壤,为规避堕入轻逸境地和培育社会主义新人方面贡献了文学的力量。