BACKGROUND Acute spinal subdural haematoma(ASSH)is a rare and potentially devastating condition with a variable prognosis.Previously described subdural haematomas were thought to have occurred spontaneously or be rela...BACKGROUND Acute spinal subdural haematoma(ASSH)is a rare and potentially devastating condition with a variable prognosis.Previously described subdural haematomas were thought to have occurred spontaneously or be related to major or minor iatrogenic or traumatic injuries caused by surgery,spinal puncture or epidural anaesthesia.Other contributing pathologies have been described,such as intradural tumours or spinal arteriovenous malformations.ASSH has also been associated with anticoagulation therapy,haemostatic abnormalities and risk factors such as pregnancy.To the best of our knowledge,this case study described the first reported occurrence of an ASSH during spinal surgery in a paediatric patient.The patient was not known to have any coagulopathies,and no obvious vascular lesions were documented.The surgical procedure did not directly involve the dura mater,and no evident intraoperative dural tears were found.CASE SUMMARY We reported and discussed a case of ASSH complicating a posterior spinal instrumented fusion during surgery for paediatric congenital scoliosis.This condition has not been previously described.We made recommendations for facing such an occurrence,explored its aetiology in the context of malformation and discussed the benefits of neuromonitoring during scoliosis correction and the management protocol.We conducted a PubMed literature review for cases of paediatric ASSH and other closely related disorders.We reviewed recommendations regarding neuromonitoring and treatment management in such cases.CONCLUSION ASSH is a rare complication of posterior spinal instrumented fusion.Published cases are more often associated with anticoagulation therapy or coagulopathy.Neuromonitoring is strongly recommended to detect and assess neurological status,thus enabling rapid diagnosis and treatment and facilitating early spinal decompression and a return to a normal neurological status.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of simultaneous anterior and posterior hemivertebra resection in the treatment of congenital kyphoscoliosis caused by fully-segmented hemivertebra. Methods Twenty-one consecutive cas...Objective To evaluate the efficacy of simultaneous anterior and posterior hemivertebra resection in the treatment of congenital kyphoscoliosis caused by fully-segmented hemivertebra. Methods Twenty-one consecutive cases with congenital kyphoscoliosis, which were 8 males and 13 females, underwent one-stage operation of anterior hemivertebra resection and posterior instrumentation. All of the hemivertebra were fully-segmented. The average age at surgery was 11.4 (range, 1.5-16) years old. Results The average follow-up was 23 (range, 6-50) months. The average Cobb’s angle of the coronal curve was 51.4° (30°-120°) before surgery, 16.9° (0°-54°) after surgery, and 19.5° at latest follow-up. The angle of segmental kyphosis was 37.1° (0°-95°) before surgery and 16.1° (0°-48°) after surgery, and 18.2° at latest follow-up. Apical translation was improved from 4.7 cm to 1.9 cm. The average fusion segments were 4.8 (range, 2-10) segments. Complication included pressure sore in one case, pedicle cutting by pedicle screw in one case and elongation of the curve in one case. There was no obvious pseudarthrosis, decompensation, and kyphosis deformity aggravation at latest follow-up. Conclusion One-stage hemivertebra resection has a good result in the surgical treatment of congenital kyphoscoliosis caused by fully-segmented hemivertebra, and may shorten fusion levels if performed at an earlier age.展开更多
Objective To investigate the corrective results of congenital scoliosis with type II split spinal cord malformation.Methods By reviewing the medical records and roentgenograms of congenital scoliosis patients with typ...Objective To investigate the corrective results of congenital scoliosis with type II split spinal cord malformation.Methods By reviewing the medical records and roentgenograms of congenital scoliosis patients with type II split spinal cord malformation that underwent corrective surgery, septum location and length, curve type, coronal and sagittal Cobb’s angles, apical vertebral rotation and translation, and trunk shift were measured and analyzed.Results A total of 23 congenital scoliosis patients with type II split spinal cord malformation were studied, 6 cases were due to failure of segmentation, 8 cases due to failure of formation, and the remaining 9 cases due to mixed defects.The fibrous septums were located in the thoracic spine in 8 patients, lumbar spine in 4 patients, thoracic and lumbar spine in 10 patients, and from cervical to lumbar spine in 1 patient.The septum extended an average of 4.9 segments.Corrective surgeries included anterior correction with instrumentation in 2 patients, posterior correction with instrumentation in 11 patients, anterior release and posterior correction with instrumentation in 6 patients, anterior and posterior resection of the hemivertebra and posterior correction with instrumentation in 4 patients.The pre- and postoperative coronal Cobb’s angles, apical vertebral translations, apical vertebral rotations, trunk shifts were 61.9° and 32.5°(P<0.001), 48.9 mm and 31.5 mm (P<0.001), 1.2 and 1.1, 12.7 mm and 8.2 mm, respectively.The average correction rate of coronal Cobbs angle was 47.5%.The sagittal balance was also well improved.The fibrous septums were all left in situ. There was no neurological complication.Conclusion For congenital scoliosis with type II split spinal cord malformation, positive correction results with no neurological complication may be obtained without resection of the fibrous septum.展开更多
Various early-onset spinal deformities, particularly infantile and juvenile scoliosis(JS), still pose challenges to pediatric orthopedic surgeons. The ideal treatment of these deformities has yet to emerge, as both cl...Various early-onset spinal deformities, particularly infantile and juvenile scoliosis(JS), still pose challenges to pediatric orthopedic surgeons. The ideal treatment of these deformities has yet to emerge, as both clinicians and surgeons still face multiple challenges including preservation of thoracic motion, spine and cage, and protection of cardiac and lung growth and function. Elongation-derotation-flexion(EDF) casting is a technique that uses a custom-made thoracolumbar cast based on a three-dimensional correction concept. EDF can control progression of the deformity and- in some cases-coax the initially-curved spine to grow straighter by acting simultaneously in the frontal, sagittal and coronal planes. Here we provide a comprehensive review of how infantile and JS can affect normal spine and thorax and how serial EDF casting can be used to manage these spinal deformities. A fresh review of the literature helps fully understand the principles of the serial EDF casting technique and the effectiveness of conservative treatment in patients with early-onset spinal deformities, particularly infantile and juvenile scolisois.展开更多
目的探究流程化沟通模式结合加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)理念在先天性脊柱畸形(congenital scoliosis,CS)患儿围术期应用效果,总结临床经验。方法本研究为前瞻性研究,选取2022年2月至2023年2月于我院接受手术...目的探究流程化沟通模式结合加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)理念在先天性脊柱畸形(congenital scoliosis,CS)患儿围术期应用效果,总结临床经验。方法本研究为前瞻性研究,选取2022年2月至2023年2月于我院接受手术治疗的CS患儿共68例作为研究对象,根据管理模式分为研究组(n=34)和对照组(n=34)。对照组采取单纯ERAS围术期管理模式,研究组采取流程化沟通模式结合ERAS理念进行围术期干预。比较两组患者术后首次排气时间、伤口愈合时间、平均住院日、中文版儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表(Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders,SCARED)得分、中文版儿童抑郁障碍量表(Depression Self-rating Scale for Children,DSRSC)得分、治疗依从性评分、ERAS措施完成项目数、并发症率以及疼痛评分的差异。结果68例中,男27例、女41例,平均年龄(8.31±3.79)岁,两组基线资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组术后首次排气时间、伤口愈合时间分别为(32.76±5.57)h和(8.41±1.65)d,均明显早于对照组的(62.94±7.81)h和(9.56±2.60)d,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组平均住院日为(11.12±2.14)d,较对照组的(15.18±2.48)d明显更短(t=7.221,P<0.001);两组患者入院时SCARED评分[研究组(20.65±2.01)分比对照组(20.18±2.17)分,t=0.928,P=0.357]和DSRSC评分[研究组(12.59±2.12)分比对照组(12.68±2.07)分,t=0.174,P=0.863]差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但研究组出院时SCARED和DSRSC评分为(12.35±2.10)分和(9.88±1.70)分,明显低于对照组的(18.59±1.79)分和(11.09±1.85)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组治疗依从性评分[研究组(13.76±1.44)分比对照组(9.32±1.84)分,t=11.102,P<0.001]、ERAS措施完成项目数[研究组(15.91±1.49)项比对照组(13.35±1.54)项,t=6.987,P<0.001]、并发症发生率(研究组5.88%比对照组23.53,χ^(2)=4.221,P=0.040)和疼痛评分[研究组(2.91±0.87)分比对照组(3.76±1.39)分,t=3.031,P=0.003]均优于对照组。结论CS患儿围术期应用流程化沟通模式结合ERAS理念进行围术期管理效果更好,可有效提高患儿的术后康复水平和治疗依从性、减轻其心理应激程度、减少并发症发生率。展开更多
Background Patients with congenital scoliosis often also have intraspinal abnormalities and other organ defects, and few studies of the effects of congenital scoliosis on cardiac function and structure have been publi...Background Patients with congenital scoliosis often also have intraspinal abnormalities and other organ defects, and few studies of the effects of congenital scoliosis on cardiac function and structure have been published. Methods A total of 215 adolescent patients with congenital scoliosis （average age, 13.58 years） underwent preoperative echocardiography and were then assigned to subgroups according to apex vertebral rotation, side of convexity, curvature severity in the coronal and sagittal planes, type of deformity, and sex. Differences between the subgroups were compared by independent-samples ttest or a one-factor analysis of variance. Results We observed statistically significant differences between patients with right-sided scoliosis curvature and those with left-sided scoliosis curvature, respectively, in left ventricular inner diameter at end-diastole （（39.39±4.66）mm vs （41.74±4.90）mm）, left ventricular inner diameter at end-systole （（24.80±3.45）mm vs （25.92±3.07）mm）, interventricular septum thickness at end-diastole （（5.66±0.98）mm vs （5.98±1.03）mm）, and posterior wall of left ventricle at end-diastole （（5.61±0.98）mm vs （6.06±1.20）mm）. When the patients were evaluated by coronal plane Cobb angle, significant differences were found between those with Cobb angle of 40°-80° and of 〉80° in left ventricular inner diameter at end-diastole （（40.97±5.06）mm vs （38.98±4.45）mm） and left ventricular inner diameter at end-systole （（25.53±3.39）mm vs （24.36±3.14）mm）, respectively. When the patients were evaluated by sagittal plane Cobb angle （〈20°, group 1; 20°-40°, group 2; 〉40°, group 3）, significant differences were found in right ventricular diameter between those with Cobb angle of 〈20° and of 20°-40° （（18.27±3.66）mm vs （16.54±3.57）mm） and in diameter of aortic root between those with Cobb angle of 20°-40° and of 〉40° （（23.83±3.39）mm vs （24.90±3.30）mm）, respectively. No significant differences were found in ejection fraction and fractional shortening between patients according to apex vertebral rotation, side of convexity, coronal plane and sagittal plane Cobb angles, type of deformity, or sex. Conclusions Congenital scoliosis influences cardiac structure, but not function.展开更多
Congenital scoliosis results from defects formed during the embryologic development of the spinal vertebrae. Hemivertebra is a failure of vertebral formation carrying a risk of causing progressive scoliosis if it is ...Congenital scoliosis results from defects formed during the embryologic development of the spinal vertebrae. Hemivertebra is a failure of vertebral formation carrying a risk of causing progressive scoliosis if it is fully segmented. When two hemivertebrae are present on the opposite sides of the spine and are separated by at least one normal vertebra, this condition then exemplifies a hemimetameric shift. The hemimetameric shift is often benign for progression, but it may also be problematic depending on the separation and the nature of the two hemivertebrae involved. If the two opposing hemivertebrae are close merely separated by one or two normal vertebrae, they tend to cause two small kinks in the spine and minimal cosmetic deformity. However, if the two hemivertebrae are in different regions of the spine, separate curves are then produced and the spine may become unbalanced, causing spinal decompensation and significant cosmetic deformity. In this article, we report one case for whom a hemimetameric shift was managed via a one-stage posterior hemivertebral resection.展开更多
With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and National Basic Research Program of China,the multi-center study led by Professor Zhang Feng at Fudan University and Professor Qiu Guixing at Pek...With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and National Basic Research Program of China,the multi-center study led by Professor Zhang Feng at Fudan University and Professor Qiu Guixing at Peking Union Medical College Hospital identified novel mutations of the TBX6 gene in Chinese patients with congenital scoliosis and reported the compound inheritance of TBX6 in congenital scoliosis.展开更多
The treatments for early-onset scoliosis(EOS)remain great challenges for spine surgeons.This study aimed to comprehensively review the treatments for EOS,especially the advancements made in the last decade.Current stu...The treatments for early-onset scoliosis(EOS)remain great challenges for spine surgeons.This study aimed to comprehensively review the treatments for EOS,especially the advancements made in the last decade.Current studies on EOS were retrieved through a search on PubMed,UpToDate,the Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus were reviewed.The most pertinent information related to the current treatments for EOS was collected.The foci of treatments for EOS have included creating a well-developed thoracic cavity,improving lung volume,and improving pulmonary function.Conservative treatments include bracing,casting,halo-gravity traction,and physiotherapy.Serial casting is the most effective conservative treatment for EOS.Surgical treatments mainly include growth-friendly techniques,which are generally classified into three types according to the amount of correction force applied:distraction-based,compression-based,and growth-guided.The distraction-based systems include traditional or conventional growing rods,magnetically controlled growing rods,and vertical expandable prosthesis titanium ribs.The compression-based systems include vertebral body stapling and tethering.The growth-guided systems include the Shilla system and modern Luque trolley.In addition,some newer techniques have emerged in recent years,such as posterior dynamic deformity correction(ApiFix).For EOS patients presenting with sharp deformities in a long,congenital spinal deformity,a hybrid technique,one-stage posterior osteotomy with short segmental fusion and dual growing rods,may be a good choice.Hemivertebra resection is the gold standard for congenital scoliosis caused by single hemivertebra.Although the patient’s growth potential is preserved in growth-friendly surgeries,a high complication rate should be expected,as well as a prolonged treatment duration and additional costs.Knowledge about EOS and its treatment options is rapidly expanding.Conservative treatments have specific limitations.For curves requiring a surgical intervention,surgical techniques may vary depending on the patients’characteristics,the surgeon’s experience,and the actual state of the country.展开更多
Pulmonary problems often occur in patients with early-onset scoliosis （EOS）. However, lung function in patients with EOS after growing rod surgery has not been documented. The aim of this study was to investigate lu...Pulmonary problems often occur in patients with early-onset scoliosis （EOS）. However, lung function in patients with EOS after growing rod surgery has not been documented. The aim of this study was to investigate lung function after the treatment for EOS with growing rod and its possible correlative factors. Methods Eight patients with EOS were treated with growing rod surgery at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from September 2002 to September 2009. Four patients had finished the final fusion surgery （group 1）, and the other 4 （group 2） were in the process of periodic lengthening. Preoperative forced vital capacity （FVC）, ratio of FVC to predicted FVC, forced expiratory volume in 1 second （FEV1）, ratio of FEV1 to predicted FEV1, and radiographic measurements of Cobb＇s angle and C7-S1 distance were recorded. Lung function changes and correlations between lung function changes and radiographic changes （Cobb＇s angle and C7-S1 distance） were analyzed. Results In group 1, FVC and FEV1 both increased. FVC showed a significant difference （P=0.01）, but FEV1 did not （P =0.05）. In group 2, FVC and FEV1 also increased, and both showed a significant difference （P=0.04 and P=0.02, respectively）. Ratio of FVC to predicted FVC and ratio of FEV1 to predicted FEV1 changed similarly and did not show statistical differences in the 2 groups. There were no significant correlations between lung function changes and radiographic changes （Cobb＇s angle and C7-S1 distance） （P=0.10 and P=0.41, respectively）. Conclusions Lung function increases after growing rod surgery in patients with EOS. Lung function changes do not correlate with Cobb＇s angle changes or C7-S1 distance changes.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Acute spinal subdural haematoma(ASSH)is a rare and potentially devastating condition with a variable prognosis.Previously described subdural haematomas were thought to have occurred spontaneously or be related to major or minor iatrogenic or traumatic injuries caused by surgery,spinal puncture or epidural anaesthesia.Other contributing pathologies have been described,such as intradural tumours or spinal arteriovenous malformations.ASSH has also been associated with anticoagulation therapy,haemostatic abnormalities and risk factors such as pregnancy.To the best of our knowledge,this case study described the first reported occurrence of an ASSH during spinal surgery in a paediatric patient.The patient was not known to have any coagulopathies,and no obvious vascular lesions were documented.The surgical procedure did not directly involve the dura mater,and no evident intraoperative dural tears were found.CASE SUMMARY We reported and discussed a case of ASSH complicating a posterior spinal instrumented fusion during surgery for paediatric congenital scoliosis.This condition has not been previously described.We made recommendations for facing such an occurrence,explored its aetiology in the context of malformation and discussed the benefits of neuromonitoring during scoliosis correction and the management protocol.We conducted a PubMed literature review for cases of paediatric ASSH and other closely related disorders.We reviewed recommendations regarding neuromonitoring and treatment management in such cases.CONCLUSION ASSH is a rare complication of posterior spinal instrumented fusion.Published cases are more often associated with anticoagulation therapy or coagulopathy.Neuromonitoring is strongly recommended to detect and assess neurological status,thus enabling rapid diagnosis and treatment and facilitating early spinal decompression and a return to a normal neurological status.
文摘Objective To evaluate the efficacy of simultaneous anterior and posterior hemivertebra resection in the treatment of congenital kyphoscoliosis caused by fully-segmented hemivertebra. Methods Twenty-one consecutive cases with congenital kyphoscoliosis, which were 8 males and 13 females, underwent one-stage operation of anterior hemivertebra resection and posterior instrumentation. All of the hemivertebra were fully-segmented. The average age at surgery was 11.4 (range, 1.5-16) years old. Results The average follow-up was 23 (range, 6-50) months. The average Cobb’s angle of the coronal curve was 51.4° (30°-120°) before surgery, 16.9° (0°-54°) after surgery, and 19.5° at latest follow-up. The angle of segmental kyphosis was 37.1° (0°-95°) before surgery and 16.1° (0°-48°) after surgery, and 18.2° at latest follow-up. Apical translation was improved from 4.7 cm to 1.9 cm. The average fusion segments were 4.8 (range, 2-10) segments. Complication included pressure sore in one case, pedicle cutting by pedicle screw in one case and elongation of the curve in one case. There was no obvious pseudarthrosis, decompensation, and kyphosis deformity aggravation at latest follow-up. Conclusion One-stage hemivertebra resection has a good result in the surgical treatment of congenital kyphoscoliosis caused by fully-segmented hemivertebra, and may shorten fusion levels if performed at an earlier age.
文摘Objective To investigate the corrective results of congenital scoliosis with type II split spinal cord malformation.Methods By reviewing the medical records and roentgenograms of congenital scoliosis patients with type II split spinal cord malformation that underwent corrective surgery, septum location and length, curve type, coronal and sagittal Cobb’s angles, apical vertebral rotation and translation, and trunk shift were measured and analyzed.Results A total of 23 congenital scoliosis patients with type II split spinal cord malformation were studied, 6 cases were due to failure of segmentation, 8 cases due to failure of formation, and the remaining 9 cases due to mixed defects.The fibrous septums were located in the thoracic spine in 8 patients, lumbar spine in 4 patients, thoracic and lumbar spine in 10 patients, and from cervical to lumbar spine in 1 patient.The septum extended an average of 4.9 segments.Corrective surgeries included anterior correction with instrumentation in 2 patients, posterior correction with instrumentation in 11 patients, anterior release and posterior correction with instrumentation in 6 patients, anterior and posterior resection of the hemivertebra and posterior correction with instrumentation in 4 patients.The pre- and postoperative coronal Cobb’s angles, apical vertebral translations, apical vertebral rotations, trunk shifts were 61.9° and 32.5°(P<0.001), 48.9 mm and 31.5 mm (P<0.001), 1.2 and 1.1, 12.7 mm and 8.2 mm, respectively.The average correction rate of coronal Cobbs angle was 47.5%.The sagittal balance was also well improved.The fibrous septums were all left in situ. There was no neurological complication.Conclusion For congenital scoliosis with type II split spinal cord malformation, positive correction results with no neurological complication may be obtained without resection of the fibrous septum.
文摘Various early-onset spinal deformities, particularly infantile and juvenile scoliosis(JS), still pose challenges to pediatric orthopedic surgeons. The ideal treatment of these deformities has yet to emerge, as both clinicians and surgeons still face multiple challenges including preservation of thoracic motion, spine and cage, and protection of cardiac and lung growth and function. Elongation-derotation-flexion(EDF) casting is a technique that uses a custom-made thoracolumbar cast based on a three-dimensional correction concept. EDF can control progression of the deformity and- in some cases-coax the initially-curved spine to grow straighter by acting simultaneously in the frontal, sagittal and coronal planes. Here we provide a comprehensive review of how infantile and JS can affect normal spine and thorax and how serial EDF casting can be used to manage these spinal deformities. A fresh review of the literature helps fully understand the principles of the serial EDF casting technique and the effectiveness of conservative treatment in patients with early-onset spinal deformities, particularly infantile and juvenile scolisois.
文摘目的探究流程化沟通模式结合加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)理念在先天性脊柱畸形(congenital scoliosis,CS)患儿围术期应用效果,总结临床经验。方法本研究为前瞻性研究,选取2022年2月至2023年2月于我院接受手术治疗的CS患儿共68例作为研究对象,根据管理模式分为研究组(n=34)和对照组(n=34)。对照组采取单纯ERAS围术期管理模式,研究组采取流程化沟通模式结合ERAS理念进行围术期干预。比较两组患者术后首次排气时间、伤口愈合时间、平均住院日、中文版儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表(Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders,SCARED)得分、中文版儿童抑郁障碍量表(Depression Self-rating Scale for Children,DSRSC)得分、治疗依从性评分、ERAS措施完成项目数、并发症率以及疼痛评分的差异。结果68例中,男27例、女41例,平均年龄(8.31±3.79)岁,两组基线资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组术后首次排气时间、伤口愈合时间分别为(32.76±5.57)h和(8.41±1.65)d,均明显早于对照组的(62.94±7.81)h和(9.56±2.60)d,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组平均住院日为(11.12±2.14)d,较对照组的(15.18±2.48)d明显更短(t=7.221,P<0.001);两组患者入院时SCARED评分[研究组(20.65±2.01)分比对照组(20.18±2.17)分,t=0.928,P=0.357]和DSRSC评分[研究组(12.59±2.12)分比对照组(12.68±2.07)分,t=0.174,P=0.863]差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但研究组出院时SCARED和DSRSC评分为(12.35±2.10)分和(9.88±1.70)分,明显低于对照组的(18.59±1.79)分和(11.09±1.85)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组治疗依从性评分[研究组(13.76±1.44)分比对照组(9.32±1.84)分,t=11.102,P<0.001]、ERAS措施完成项目数[研究组(15.91±1.49)项比对照组(13.35±1.54)项,t=6.987,P<0.001]、并发症发生率(研究组5.88%比对照组23.53,χ^(2)=4.221,P=0.040)和疼痛评分[研究组(2.91±0.87)分比对照组(3.76±1.39)分,t=3.031,P=0.003]均优于对照组。结论CS患儿围术期应用流程化沟通模式结合ERAS理念进行围术期管理效果更好,可有效提高患儿的术后康复水平和治疗依从性、减轻其心理应激程度、减少并发症发生率。
文摘Background Patients with congenital scoliosis often also have intraspinal abnormalities and other organ defects, and few studies of the effects of congenital scoliosis on cardiac function and structure have been published. Methods A total of 215 adolescent patients with congenital scoliosis （average age, 13.58 years） underwent preoperative echocardiography and were then assigned to subgroups according to apex vertebral rotation, side of convexity, curvature severity in the coronal and sagittal planes, type of deformity, and sex. Differences between the subgroups were compared by independent-samples ttest or a one-factor analysis of variance. Results We observed statistically significant differences between patients with right-sided scoliosis curvature and those with left-sided scoliosis curvature, respectively, in left ventricular inner diameter at end-diastole （（39.39±4.66）mm vs （41.74±4.90）mm）, left ventricular inner diameter at end-systole （（24.80±3.45）mm vs （25.92±3.07）mm）, interventricular septum thickness at end-diastole （（5.66±0.98）mm vs （5.98±1.03）mm）, and posterior wall of left ventricle at end-diastole （（5.61±0.98）mm vs （6.06±1.20）mm）. When the patients were evaluated by coronal plane Cobb angle, significant differences were found between those with Cobb angle of 40°-80° and of 〉80° in left ventricular inner diameter at end-diastole （（40.97±5.06）mm vs （38.98±4.45）mm） and left ventricular inner diameter at end-systole （（25.53±3.39）mm vs （24.36±3.14）mm）, respectively. When the patients were evaluated by sagittal plane Cobb angle （〈20°, group 1; 20°-40°, group 2; 〉40°, group 3）, significant differences were found in right ventricular diameter between those with Cobb angle of 〈20° and of 20°-40° （（18.27±3.66）mm vs （16.54±3.57）mm） and in diameter of aortic root between those with Cobb angle of 20°-40° and of 〉40° （（23.83±3.39）mm vs （24.90±3.30）mm）, respectively. No significant differences were found in ejection fraction and fractional shortening between patients according to apex vertebral rotation, side of convexity, coronal plane and sagittal plane Cobb angles, type of deformity, or sex. Conclusions Congenital scoliosis influences cardiac structure, but not function.
文摘Congenital scoliosis results from defects formed during the embryologic development of the spinal vertebrae. Hemivertebra is a failure of vertebral formation carrying a risk of causing progressive scoliosis if it is fully segmented. When two hemivertebrae are present on the opposite sides of the spine and are separated by at least one normal vertebra, this condition then exemplifies a hemimetameric shift. The hemimetameric shift is often benign for progression, but it may also be problematic depending on the separation and the nature of the two hemivertebrae involved. If the two opposing hemivertebrae are close merely separated by one or two normal vertebrae, they tend to cause two small kinks in the spine and minimal cosmetic deformity. However, if the two hemivertebrae are in different regions of the spine, separate curves are then produced and the spine may become unbalanced, causing spinal decompensation and significant cosmetic deformity. In this article, we report one case for whom a hemimetameric shift was managed via a one-stage posterior hemivertebral resection.
文摘With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and National Basic Research Program of China,the multi-center study led by Professor Zhang Feng at Fudan University and Professor Qiu Guixing at Peking Union Medical College Hospital identified novel mutations of the TBX6 gene in Chinese patients with congenital scoliosis and reported the compound inheritance of TBX6 in congenital scoliosis.
基金The study was granted by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81972037).
文摘The treatments for early-onset scoliosis(EOS)remain great challenges for spine surgeons.This study aimed to comprehensively review the treatments for EOS,especially the advancements made in the last decade.Current studies on EOS were retrieved through a search on PubMed,UpToDate,the Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus were reviewed.The most pertinent information related to the current treatments for EOS was collected.The foci of treatments for EOS have included creating a well-developed thoracic cavity,improving lung volume,and improving pulmonary function.Conservative treatments include bracing,casting,halo-gravity traction,and physiotherapy.Serial casting is the most effective conservative treatment for EOS.Surgical treatments mainly include growth-friendly techniques,which are generally classified into three types according to the amount of correction force applied:distraction-based,compression-based,and growth-guided.The distraction-based systems include traditional or conventional growing rods,magnetically controlled growing rods,and vertical expandable prosthesis titanium ribs.The compression-based systems include vertebral body stapling and tethering.The growth-guided systems include the Shilla system and modern Luque trolley.In addition,some newer techniques have emerged in recent years,such as posterior dynamic deformity correction(ApiFix).For EOS patients presenting with sharp deformities in a long,congenital spinal deformity,a hybrid technique,one-stage posterior osteotomy with short segmental fusion and dual growing rods,may be a good choice.Hemivertebra resection is the gold standard for congenital scoliosis caused by single hemivertebra.Although the patient’s growth potential is preserved in growth-friendly surgeries,a high complication rate should be expected,as well as a prolonged treatment duration and additional costs.Knowledge about EOS and its treatment options is rapidly expanding.Conservative treatments have specific limitations.For curves requiring a surgical intervention,surgical techniques may vary depending on the patients’characteristics,the surgeon’s experience,and the actual state of the country.
文摘Pulmonary problems often occur in patients with early-onset scoliosis （EOS）. However, lung function in patients with EOS after growing rod surgery has not been documented. The aim of this study was to investigate lung function after the treatment for EOS with growing rod and its possible correlative factors. Methods Eight patients with EOS were treated with growing rod surgery at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from September 2002 to September 2009. Four patients had finished the final fusion surgery （group 1）, and the other 4 （group 2） were in the process of periodic lengthening. Preoperative forced vital capacity （FVC）, ratio of FVC to predicted FVC, forced expiratory volume in 1 second （FEV1）, ratio of FEV1 to predicted FEV1, and radiographic measurements of Cobb＇s angle and C7-S1 distance were recorded. Lung function changes and correlations between lung function changes and radiographic changes （Cobb＇s angle and C7-S1 distance） were analyzed. Results In group 1, FVC and FEV1 both increased. FVC showed a significant difference （P=0.01）, but FEV1 did not （P =0.05）. In group 2, FVC and FEV1 also increased, and both showed a significant difference （P=0.04 and P=0.02, respectively）. Ratio of FVC to predicted FVC and ratio of FEV1 to predicted FEV1 changed similarly and did not show statistical differences in the 2 groups. There were no significant correlations between lung function changes and radiographic changes （Cobb＇s angle and C7-S1 distance） （P=0.10 and P=0.41, respectively）. Conclusions Lung function increases after growing rod surgery in patients with EOS. Lung function changes do not correlate with Cobb＇s angle changes or C7-S1 distance changes.
