Prognosis and outcome of intrauterine treatment of fetuses with critical congenital heart disease

Background:Intrauterine valvuloplasty is an innovative therapy,which promotes ventricular growth and function in some congenital heart diseases(CHDs).The technique remains challenging and can only be performed in a few centers.This study aimed to assess the feasibility and mid-term outcomes of fetal cardiac intervention(FCI)in fetuses with critical CHD in an experienced tertiary center.Methods:Five fetal aortic valvuloplasty(FAV)or fetal pulmonary valvuloplasty(FPV)procedures were performed in our fetal heart center between August 2018 and May 2022.Technical success was defined as crossing the aortic or pulmonary valve and balloon inflation,followed by evidence of increased blood flow across the valve and/or new regurgitation.Follow-up clinical records and echocardiography were obtained during the prenatal and postnatal periods.Results:Five fetuses received FAV or FPV,including critical aortic stenosis(n=2)and pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum(n=3).The mean maternal age was 33.0±2.6 years.The median gestational age(GA)at diagnosis was 24 weeks(range,22-26 weeks).The median GA at intervention was 29 weeks(range,28-32 weeks).All five cases underwent successful or partially successful procedures.One patient had pulmonary valve perforation without balloon dilation.No procedure-related deaths or significant complications occurred.However,one neonatal death occurred due to heart and renal failure.The median follow-up period was 29.5 months(range,8.0-48.0 months).The four surviving patients had achieved biventricular circulation,exhibited improved valve,and ventricular development at the last follow-up visit.Conclusion:Intrauterine FCI could be performed safely with good prognosis in critical CHD.

Coronary artery disease in congenital single coronary artery in adults:A Dutch case series

AIM:To assess the current diagnostic and therapeutic management and the clinical implications of congenital single coronary artery(SCA) in adults.METHODS:We identified 15 patients with a SCA detected from four Dutch angiography centers in the period between 2010 and 2013.Symptomatic patients who underwent routine diagnostic coronary angiography(CAG) for suspected coronary artery disease and who incidentally were found to have isolated SCA were analyzed.RESULTS:Fifteen(7 females) with a mean age of 58.5 ± 13.78 years(range 43-86) had a SCA.ConventionalCAG demonstrated congenital isolated SCA originating as a single ostium from the right sinus of Valsalva in 6 patients and originating from the left in 9 patients.Minimal to moderate coronary atherosclerotic changes were found in 4,and severe stenotic lesions in another 4 patients.Seven patients were free of coronary atherosclerosis.Runs of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia were documented in 2 patients,one of whom demonstrated transmural ischemic changes on presentation.Myocardial perfusion scintigraphic evidence of transmural myocardial ischemia was found in 1 patient due to kinking and squeezing of the SCA with an interarterial course between the aorta and pulmonary artery.Multi-slice computed tomography(MSCT) was helpful to delineate the course of the anomalous artery relative to the aorta and pulmonary artery.Percutaneous coronary intervention was successfully performed in 3 patients.Eight patients were managed medically.Arterial bypass graft was performed in 4 patients with the squeezed SCA.CONCLUSION:SCA may be associated with transient transmural myocardial ischemia and aborted sudden death in the absence of coronary atherosclerosis.The availability and sophistication of MSCT facilitates the delineation of the course of a SCA.We present a Dutch case series and review of the literature.

Rapid right ventricular pacing for balloon valvuloplasty in congenital aortic stenosis:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Balloon aortic valvuloplasty(BAV)is a well-established treatment modality for congenital aortic valve stenosis.AIM To evaluate the role of rapid right ventricular pacing(RRVP)in balloon stabilization during BAV on aortic regurgitation(AR)in pediatric patients.METHODS A systematic review of the MEDLINE,Cochrane Library,and Scopus databases was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines(end-of-search date:July 8,2020).The National Heart,Lung,and Blood Institute and Newcastle-Ottawa scales was utilized for quality assessment.RESULTS Five studies reporting on 72 patients were included.The studies investigated the use of RRVP-assisted BAV in infants(>1 mo)and older children,but not in neonates.Ten(13.9%)patients had a history of some type of aortic valve surgical or catheterization procedure.Before BAV,58(84.0%),7(10.1%),4(5.9%)patients had AR grade 0(none),1(trivial),2(mild),respectively.After BAV,34(49.3%),6(8.7%),26(37.7%),3(4.3%),patients had AR grade 0,1,2,and 3(moderate),respectively.No patient developed severe AR after RRVP.One(1.4%)developed ventricular fibrillation and was defibrillated successfully.No additional arrhythmias or complications occurred during RRVP.CONCLUSION RRVP can be safely used to achieve balloon stability during pediatric BAV,which could potentially decrease AR rates.

Assessment of Intracardiac and Extracardiac Deformities in Patients with Various Types of Pulmonary Atresia by Dual-Source Computed Tomography

Background:Pulmonary atresia(PA)is a group of heterogeneous complex congenital heart disease.Only one study modality might not get a correct diagnosis.This study aims to investigate the diagnostic power of dualsource computed tomography(DSCT)for all intracardiac and extracardiac deformities in patients with PA compared with transthoracic echocardiography(TTE).Materials and Methods:This retrospective study enrolled 79 patients and divided them into three groups according to their main diagnosis.All associated malformations and clinical information,including treatments,were recorded and compared among the three groups.The diagnostic power of DSCT and TTE on all associated malformations were compared.The surgical index(McGoon ratio,pulmonary arterials index(PAI),and total neopulmonary arterial index)and radiation dose were calculated on the basis of DSCT.Results:Of the patients,32,30,and 17 were divided into the groups of PA with ventricular septal defect(VSD),PA with VSD and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries,and PA with other major malformations,respectively.Consequently,182,162,and 13 intracardiac,extracardiac,and other major malformations were diagnosed,respectively.Moreover,DSCT showed a better diagnostic performance in extracardiac deformities(154 vs.117,p<0.001),whereas TTE could diagnose intracardiac deformities better(159 vs.139,p=0.001).The McGoon ratio,PAI,and treatment methods were significantly different among the three groups(p=0.014,p=0.008,and p=0.018,respectively).Conclusion:More than one imaging modality should be used to make a correct diagnosis when clinically suspecting PA.DSCT is superior to TTE in diagnosing extracardiac deformities and could be used to roughly calculate surgical indices to optimize treatment strategy.

宽体探测器CT血管造影与超声心动图对小儿先天性心脏病的诊断效能

目的探讨宽体探测器CT血管造影(computer tomography angiography,CTA)与超声心动图(ultrasound cardiogram,UCG)在小儿先天性心脏病(congenital heart disease,CHD)的诊断效能。方法回顾性分析2019-08/2023-09月作者医院收治的65例疑似CHD患儿的影像学资料,所有患儿均行心脏CTA及UCG检查。对两种检查方式的图像质量进行主观评价并比较其差异;以手术或数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)为“金标准”,对比两种检查方式在诊断CHD的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率的差异,并应用Kappa检验比较与“金标准”结果的一致性;采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析两种检查方式对小儿CHD的诊断效能。结果CTA诊断小儿CHD心外畸形图像质量主观评分明显高于UCG,二者比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),心内畸形图像质量主观评分二者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两名医师对图像质量主观评分的一致性较好(κ=0.802)。CTA、UCG诊断小儿CHD心内畸形准确率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);CTA诊断小儿CHD心外畸形准确率为96.43%,显著高于UCG 50.00%,组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CTA诊断小儿CHD的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率分别为90.00%、60.00%、96.43%、33.33%及87.69%,与手术或DSA结果一致性较好(κ=0.766);UCG诊断CHD的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率分别为83.33%、20.00%、92.59%、9.09%及79.81%,与手术或DSA结果一致性一般(κ=0.522)。CTA、UCG两种检查方式诊断小儿CHD的灵敏度、特异度、阴性预测值及准确率差异比较均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,CTA与UCG诊断小儿CHD的曲线下面积(area under the cure,AUC)分别为0.853和0.773,二者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论宽体探测器CTA在小儿CHD心外畸形方面的诊断效能优于UCG,而在心内畸形方面稍差,因此建议二者联合检查,诊断价值更高。

先天性心脏病宫内介入治疗现状与展望

胎儿宫内心脏介入治疗(FCI)技术自1991年起发展至今,随着技术成功率的提高、并发症的减少及对患胎预后的改善,该技术已逐步获得医学界的认可与推广。国际胎儿心脏介入注册数据库的建立促进了该技术的国际间交流和技术发展,国际报道临床病例已逾400例。在国内,迄今已有广东、上海、青岛、重庆等多家医疗机构开展宫内心脏介入治疗,但病例数仍有限。文章从胎儿宫内心脏介入治疗的种类、操作过程、手术并发症、治疗指征以及治疗结局进行综述,同时提出该技术目前存在的问题和未来的展望。

冠状动脉CT血管造影及血清指标对冠心病冠状动脉狭窄程度的评价

目的:探讨冠状动脉CT血管造影(CCTA)及血清脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)、血管生成素样蛋白3(ANGPTL3)对冠心病冠状动脉狭窄程度的评价。方法:选取2022年7月至2023年3月河北省胸科医院诊治的102例冠心病患者,按照冠状动脉狭窄程度积分(Gensini积分)情况将其分为轻度组(0分≤Gensini积分≤20分)、中度组(20分<Gensini积分≤60分)及重度组(Gensini积分>60分),每组34例。对比3组患者冠状动脉最小管腔直径(MLD)、狭窄面积百分比(%AS)、狭窄直径百分比(%DS)、最小管腔面积(MLA)、Lp-PLA2及ANGPTL3,根据受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,预测冠状动脉狭窄程度的诊断效能。结果:重度组MLA、MLD低于中度组和轻度组,而%AS、%DS高于中度组和轻度组,差异有统计学意义(t=6.905、4.083、5.871、6.976、3.387、2.198、2.668、3.505,P<0.05)。重度组Lp-PLA2、ANGPTL3高于中度组和轻度组,差异有统计学意义(t=4.164、8.220、2.575、3.050,P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,MLA、MLD、%AS、%DS、CCTA综合参数、LpPLA2以及ANGPTL3预测冠状动脉狭窄程度的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)值分别为0.838、0.690、0.742、0.801、0.904、0.808和0.807。灵敏度分别为91.20%、91.20%、64.70%、94.10%、97.10%、70.60%和88.20%;特异度分别为76.50%、57.40%、75.00%、50.00%、70.60%、97.10%和70.60%。CCTA综合参数的AUC分别高于LpPLA2和ANGPTL3,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:CCTA及血清Lp-PLA2、ANGPTL3评估冠心病冠状动脉狭窄程度均具有一定效能,且CCTA的预测效能更高。

宫内心脏介入治疗胎儿危重型先天性心脏病5例报告

目的探索胎儿心脏介入治疗(FCI)对于胎儿危重型先天性心脏病的可行性及短期疗效。方法纳入2018年8月至2022年5月在宫内诊治中心进行FCI的所有患儿的临床资料,包括围产期至出生后基本信息、FCI手术信息、胎儿超声心动图信息等,追踪病例至出生后3月,分析FCI技术的可行性、有效性及安全性。结果纳入胎儿7例,其中5例实施FCI手术,手术成功率100%(5/5),包括2例重度主动脉瓣狭窄(CAS)和3例室间隔完整型肺动脉闭锁(PA/IVS)。手术时的中位孕周为29^(+2)(28^(+6)~32^(+4))周。5例胎儿FCI术后的超声心动图指标均获得明显改善。5例胎儿均足月出生,中位出生胎龄39^(+2)(38~39^(+4))周。生后2例CAS患儿行外科主动脉瓣成形术,3例PA/IVS患儿完成经皮肺动脉瓣球囊扩张术。1例心功能不全CAS患儿于新生儿期死亡,4例随访中,预后良好。结论FCI是一项安全、有效的技术,有望改善危重型先天性心脏病的预后。

嵌合型Y染色体等臂双着丝粒致胎儿主动脉狭窄1例报告及文献复习

目的:通过对先天性主动脉狭窄(AS)胎儿产前诊断结果进行遗传学分析,明确其可能的致病原因。方法:1例孕25周孕妇,因“胎儿AS”行羊膜腔穿刺术采集羊水,行染色体G显带核型分析联合单核苷酸多态性微阵列(SNP-array)检测。同时采集胎儿父母外周血,行染色体核型分析。结果:胎儿核型分析,为嵌合型Y染色体等臂双着丝粒;SNP-array分析,胎儿染色体Yp11.31q11.21区段存在11.2 Mb片段的重复,同时Yq11.21q11.23区段存在14.8 Mb片段的缺失。胎儿父母均为正常核型,考虑其为新发变异。经充分遗传咨询后,孕妇及家属选择回当地引产。结论:嵌合型Y染色体等臂双着丝粒的染色体核型可能是男性胎儿表型为AS的原因,羊水细胞染色体核型分析联合SNP-array检测有助于该病的早期诊断。

Double-chambered left ventricle with a thrombus in an asymptomatic patient:A case report

BACKGROUND Double-chambered left ventricle(DCLV)is an extremely rare congenital disease in which the left ventricle(LV)is divided by abnormal muscle tissue.Due to its rarity,there is a lack of data on the disease,including its diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis.Accordingly,we report a case in which DCLV was diagnosed and followed up.CASE SUMMARY A 45-year-old man presented to our hospital due to abnormal findings on an electrocardiogram recorded during a health check.He had no specific cardiac symptoms,comorbidities or relevant past medical history.Echocardiography revealed that the LV was divided into two by muscle fibers.There were no findings of ischemia on coronary angiography and coronary computed tomography angiography performed to exclude differential diagnoses.After comprehensive analysis of the images,DCLV was diagnosed.As it seemed to be asymptomatic DCLV,we decided the patient was to be observed without administering any medication.However,follow-up echocardiography revealed a thrombus in the accessory chamber(AC).Anticoagulant medication was initiated,the thrombus resolved,and the patient is currently undergoing follow-up without any specific symptoms.CONCLUSION Asymptomatic,uncomplicated DCLV was diagnosed through multimodal imaging;however,a thrombus in the AC occurred during the follow-up.The findings highlight that multimodal imaging is essential in diagnosing DCLV,and that anticoagulation is important in its management.

CCTA在冠心病诊断及斑块性质评估中的应用

目的评估冠状动脉CTA(CCTA)在冠心病诊断和冠脉粥样硬化斑块性质评估中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2022年9月至2024年1月本院收治的83例疑似冠心病患者的临床资料。所有患者均行冠状动脉血管造影(CAG)、血管内超声(IVUS)和CCTA检查。以CAG、IVUS诊断结果为“金标准”进行对比,分析CCTA在冠心病诊断以及斑块性质评估中的应用价值。结果83例受检者经CAG检查共552个冠状动脉节段,诊断狭窄节段共305个,其中轻度狭窄82个(26.89%),中度狭窄146个(47.87%),重度狭窄77个(25.25%);经IVUS检出斑块241个,非钙化斑块80个(33.20%),钙化斑块109例(45.23%),混合斑块52个(21.58%)。与CAG相比,CCTA诊断冠状动脉狭窄的灵敏度为91.80%,特异度为97.17%,准确率为94.20%,与CAG诊断结果几乎完全一致(Kappa值=0.884),其诊断冠脉轻、中、重度狭窄的符合率分别为90.30%、89.25%和85.11%。与IVUS相比,CCTA诊断冠脉粥样硬化斑块的灵敏度为94.19%,特异度为84.76%,准确率为90.37%,与IVUS诊断结果高度一致(Kappa值=0.798),其诊断非钙化斑块、钙化斑块和混合斑块的符合率分别为76.25%、91.74%和90.38%。在冠脉粥样硬化斑块性质诊断上,CCTA诊断钙化斑块的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)最高,为0.942,其次为混合斑块和非钙化斑块,其对应的AUC分别为0.939、0.830,诊断鉴别价值均较高(P均<0.01)。结论CCTA对冠心病诊断及冠脉粥硬化斑块性质的鉴别价值均较高,可获得与金标准较高的一致性。

儿童复杂性先天性心脏病超声心动图与多层螺旋CT检查及应用的临床效果观察

目的:观察儿童复杂性先天性心脏病超声心动图与多层螺旋CT检查及应用的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析开封市中心医院2011年1月-2022年1月收治的50例患有复杂性先天性心脏病儿童的临床资料。所有患儿入院时均进行超声心动图与多层螺旋CT检查,以手术病理为金标准,分析两种检查方式对复杂性先天性心脏病的诊断效果。结果:50名患儿中,共发现178种心脏畸形,包括71种心内畸形及107种心外畸形。多层螺旋CT对心外畸形的检出率为98.13%,高于超声心动图的84.11%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=11.321,P<0.05)。多层螺旋CT检查对心内畸形的检出率为95.77%,超声心动图检出率为92.96%,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.133,P>0.05)。结论:多层螺旋CT和超声心动图对复杂性先天性心脏病的阳性检出率较高,但多层螺旋CT在诊断心外畸形方面优于超声心动图。

Balloon Angioplasty as a Modality to Treat Children with Pulmonary Stenosis Secondary to Complex Congenital Heart Diseases

Background： Pulmonary stenosis is common in children with complex congenital heart diseases. Proper management of this problem, especially postoperatively, is still controversial. This study was designed to assess the rate and determinants of success or failure of balloon angioplasty for such lesions. Methods： Clinical and hemodynamic data from 40 pediatric patients （24 boys and 16 girls） with complex congenital heart diseases who underwent balloon angioplasty were reviewed retrospectively from January 2012 to December 2016. Patients were divided into four groups according to the site of stenosis, which included pulmonary valve stenosis （PVS）, valved conduit stenosis, pulmonary artery stenosis （PAS）, and supravalvular pulmonary stenosis （SVPS）. Success rates were calculated according to defined criteria for initial success and favorable clinical impacts, and comparison between the successful subgroup and the unsuccessful subgroups was analyzed. Results： Grouped by the site of stenosis, initial success rates varied from 40.0% to 52.4% with the greatest success being seen in the PVS group, followed by the PAS group and SVPS group. In the PVS group and the PAS group, there was no statistical difference among age at dilation, postoperative interval, balloon/stenosis ratio, or pressure gradient predilation between the successful and the unsuccessful subgroups. Favorable clinical impacts included success rates of balloon angioplasty in the SVPS group, which was best （100%）, followed by the PVS group （90.9%） and the PAS group （85.7%）. There were a total of two transient complications （5.0%）. Conclusions： Balloon angioplasty was proven to be a safe and useful modality in children with complex congenital heart diseases and postoperative pulmonary stenosis, which should be the initial therapeutic modality in selected patients.

Optical coherence tomography of the pulmonary arteries in children with congenital heart diseases:A systematic review

Importance:Optical coherence tomography(OCT)is a high-resolution intravascular imaging tool and has shown promise for providing real-time quantitative and qualitative descriptions of pulmonary vascular structures in vivo in adult pulmonary hypertension(PH),while not popular in pediatric patients with congenital heart diseases(CHD).Objective:The aim of this review is to summarize all the available evidence on the use of OCT for imaging pulmonary vascular remodeling in pediatric patients.Methods:We conducted the systematic literature resources(Cochran Library database,Medline via PubMed,EMBASE,and Web of Knowledge)from January 2010 to December 2021 and the search terms were“PH”,“child”,“children”,“pediatric”,“OCT”,“CHD”,“pulmonary vessels”,“pulmonary artery wall”.Studies in which OCT was used to image the pulmonary vessels in pediatric patients with CHD were considered for inclusion.Results:Five studies met the inclusion criteria.These five papers discussed the study of OCT in the pulmonary vasculature of different types of CHD,including common simple CHD,complex cyanotic CHD,and Williams-Beuren syndrome.In biventricular anatomy,pulmonary vascular remodeling was primarily reflected by pulmonary intima thickening from two-dimensional OCT.In single-ventricle anatomy,due to the state of hypoxia,the morphology of pulmonary vessels was indirectly reflected by the number and shape of nourishing vessels from three-dimensional OCT.Interpretation:OCT may be an adequate imaging procedure for the demonstration of pulmonary vascular structures and provide additional information in pediatric patients.

Comparison of Intracardiac and Extracardiac Malformations Associated with Single Atrium,Single Ventricle and Single Atrium-Single Ventricle Using Dual-Source Computed Tomography

Background:To evaluate the qualitative and quantitative differences between intracardiac and extracardiac vascular malformations in patients with a single atrium(SA),single ventricle(SV)and single atrium-single ventricle(SA-SV)using dual-source CT(DSCT),and to compare the diagnostic performances of DSCT and transthoracic echocardiography(TTE).Methods:This retrospective study included 24 SA,75 SV and 24 SA-SV patients who underwent both DSCT and TTE before surgery.The diagnostic values of DSCT and TTE for intracardiac and extracardiac malformations were compared according to the surgical results.The diameters of the major artery and vein were measured and calculated based on DSCT and compared among the three groups.Results:The most common malformation was pulmonary artery disease in SA(50.0%)and SA-SV(45.8%)groups and patent ductus arteriosus(33.3%)in SV group.Although there was no statistical difference,arterial development was relatively poor in the SA group.All groups showed the trend of pulmonary artery stenosis(SA vs.SV vs.SA-SV:50.0%vs.30.7%vs.33.3%).There was a significant difference in mean pulmonary vein index among the groups(p=0.017).The diagnostic sensitivity of DSCT was superior to that of TTE for extracardiac malformations.Conclusions:The most common malformation in SA and SA-SV patients is pulmonary artery stenosis.SV patients are most likely to be complicated with patent ductus arteriosus.DSCT is more advantageous than TTE for diagnosing combined extracardiac malformations and can accurately measure the diameter of arteriovenous vessels.

320排CT心脏四维容积动态成像评价先天性心脏病患者左心室功能研究

目的:探讨320排CT心脏四维容积动态成像(4D-CCTA)评价先天性心脏病(CHD)患者左心室功能的价值。方法:选取医院收治的12例CHD患者,所有患者均行4D-CCTA检查及二维超声心动图检查,记录并对比患者左心室舒张末期容积(EDV)、收缩末期容积(ESV)、每搏输出量(SV)以及射血分数(EF)等指标;分析两种检查方法所测定结果的相关性以及4D-CCTA检查在先天性心脏病左心室功能检查中的价值。结果:4D-CCTA检查测定的EDV、SV及EF高于二维超声心动图测量值,ESV低于二维超声心动图测量值,但差异均无统计学意义。Pearson线性相关分析显示,4D-CCTA与二维超声心动图两种检查方式测定的EDV、ESV、SV及EF均具有较好的相关性(r=0.962,r=0.928,r=0.925,r=0.909;P<0.05)。4D-CCTA与二维超声心动图检查的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.892及0.875。结论:4D-CCTA与二维超声心动图在评价CHD患者左心室功能方面具有较高的相关性,能够准确评估CHD患者的左心室功能。

冠状动脉CT血流储备分数在冠状动脉临界狭窄患者心肌缺血诊断中的应用

目的评价冠状动脉无创血流储备分数(FFR-CT)对冠状动脉临界狭窄病变(冠状动脉狭窄50%~70%)心肌缺血的诊断效能,为FFR-CT在心肌缺血诊断中的临床应用提供参考。方法67例冠状动脉临界狭窄病变患者,均行冠状动脉CT血管造影(CTA)及冠状动脉造影检查。患者均行冠状动脉血流储备分数(FFR)检查,根据FFR值评估心肌缺血情况。根据冠状动脉CTA影像数据算出FFR-CT值。采用Pearson相关分析FFR值和FFR-CT值之间的相关性。采用ROC评估FFR-CT对冠状动脉临界狭窄病变患者心肌缺血诊断的效能。结果67例患者中FFR值≤0.8的有35例,FFR-CT值≤0.8的有26例。FFR值与FFR-CT值呈正相关(r=0.6668,P<0.01)。共评估血管83支,FFR-CT用于心肌缺血诊断的ROC下面积为0.938(95%CI 0.890~0.985,P<0.01),诊断界值为0.8时,其对心肌缺血诊断的灵敏度87.5%、特异度95.24%、阳性预测值85.29%、阴性预测值79.63%。结论FFR-CT值对冠状动脉临界狭窄病变患者心肌缺血具有较高的诊断效能。

低辐射剂量宽探测器CT智能心电门控技术对儿童先天性心脏病冠状动脉的可视性评估

目的结合智能心电门控技术探讨低辐射剂量冠状动脉血管成像(CCTA)对先天性心脏病患儿冠状动脉成像的检出率、图像质量及辐射剂量。资料与方法前瞻性招募2017年11月—2020年9月青岛市妇女儿童医院确诊或拟确诊为先天性心脏病患儿79例,应用80 kVp低管电压、智能心电门控前瞻性心电门控轴扫序列行CCTA扫描。按年龄分为≤3个月18例、≥4个月~<1岁29例及≥1岁32例,研究低电压智能心电门控扫描技术对不同年龄患儿行CCTA的可行性,并分析3组图像质量、冠状动脉检出率、显示效果、主动脉根部CT值、显示效果及有效辐射剂量(ED)。结果3组11个节段总检出率为90.1%(783/869),左冠状动脉总体检出率为90.4%(500/553),右冠状动脉总体检出率为89.6%(283/316)。≤3个月、≥4个月~<1岁及≥1岁组冠状动脉检出率分别为84.8%(168/198)、90.3%(288/319)及92.9%(327/352),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=9.225,P=0.010)。右冠状动脉起源部位显示效果最佳检出率达100%(79/79),左前降支远段、左回旋支远段及右冠状动脉远段最差,检出率低于80%。3组的噪声指数分别为(10.4±2.0)Hu、(9.7±1.8)Hu和(10.9±2.2)Hu,主动脉根部CT值分别为(609±122)Hu、(547±110)Hu和(568±93)Hu。3组的ED分别为(1.33±0.32)mSv、(0.99±0.16)mSv和(0.78±0.14)mSv,差异有统计学意义(F=39.750,P<0.05),年龄越小,ED越大。结论对于>1岁的先天性心脏病患儿,低电压宽探测器CT前瞻性心电门控CTA扫描ED较小,对冠状动脉检出率高。对于<1岁,尤其是≤3个月的患儿,冠状动脉检出率较高,但ED略大,应结合临床需求综合考虑。

先天性心脏病小儿MSCT心脏成像后血管空气栓塞分析

目的:分析接受MSCT心脏成像检查的先天性心脏病(CHD)小儿发生血管空气栓塞(VAE)的原因、风险及预防方法。方法:连续纳入490例CHD小儿MSCT心脏成像资料,记录空气栓子出现部位、大小、形状及数量,评估CHD小儿VAE发生率和相关风险因素。结果:VAE发生率为9.2%(45/490),45例VAE中发生于右心房66.7%(30/45)、主肺动脉22.2%(10/45)、右心室11.1%(5/45)、主动脉根部6.6%(3/45)、左锁骨下静脉2.2%(1/45)、左心室2.2%(1/45);静脉系统VAE 91.1%(41/45),动脉系统VAE 8.9%(4/45);单处88.9%(40/45),多处11.1%(5/45);小量VAE 75.6%(34/45),中等量VAE 24.4%(11/45),无大量VAE。共发现90个气泡,圆形或类圆形57.8%(52/90),不规则形42.2%(38/90)。发生VAE组与未发生VAE组患儿的年龄、身高、体重、性别、有无心内或肺内分流、静脉留置针型号及对比剂注射流率、剂量、类型、回流路径差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:CHD小儿MSCT心脏成像检查中VAE发生率低且多数空气栓子较小、多无症状,但仍存在较高潜在医疗风险需引起重视,在检查过程中应仔细排气并运用一些操作技巧及措施以避免其发生。

Patient-specific three-dimensional printed heart models benefit preoperative planning for complex congenital heart disease

Background Preoperative planning for children with congenital heart diseases remains crucial and challenging.This study aimed to investigate the roles of three-dimensional printed patient-specific heart models in the presurgical planning for complex congenital heart disease.Methods From May 2017 to January 2018,15 children diagnosed with complex congenital heart disease were included in this study.Heart models were printed based on computed tomography (CT) imaging reconstruction by a 3D printer with photosensitive resin using the stereolithography apparatus technology.Surgery options were first evaluated by a sophisticated cardiac surgery group using CT images only,and then surgical plans were also set up based on heart models.Results Fifteen 3D printed heart models were successfully generated.According to the decisions based on CT,13 cases were consistent with real options,while the other 2 were not.According to 3D printed heart models,all the 15 cases were consistent with real options.Unfortunately,one child diagnosed with complete transposition of great arteries combined with interruption of aortic arch (type A) died 5 days after operation due to postoperative low cardiac output syndrome.The cardiologists,especially the younger ones,considered that these 3D printed heart models with tangible,physical and comprehensive illustrations were beneficial for preoperative planning of complex congenital heart diseases.Conclusion 3D printed heart models are beneficial and promising in preoperative planning for complex congenital heart diseases,and are able to help conform or even improve the surgery options.