The reduction of 2,3-epoxy alcohol, prepared from the Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, with the system of Ph3P, iodine, iwhdazole, 2,6-lutidine and water in Et2O/CH3CN,gives a chiral secondary allylic alcohol in 94% ...The reduction of 2,3-epoxy alcohol, prepared from the Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, with the system of Ph3P, iodine, iwhdazole, 2,6-lutidine and water in Et2O/CH3CN,gives a chiral secondary allylic alcohol in 94% yield and 92% e.e.. Using this reaction as the key step, we synthesized (-)-coniferyl alcohol derivative 1 steding from the geraniol through nine steps in an overall yield of 39%.展开更多
Objective:To isolate and characterize chemical constituents of the roots of Zanthoxylumchalybeum(Z.chalybeum).Methods:A number of phytochemical tests were applied to identify the class of compounds present in the CH_(...Objective:To isolate and characterize chemical constituents of the roots of Zanthoxylumchalybeum(Z.chalybeum).Methods:A number of phytochemical tests were applied to identify the class of compounds present in the CH_(2)Cl_(2)/CH_(3)OH(1:1)root extract.Column chromatographic separation technique was applied to separate the constituents of the CH_(2)Cl_(2)/CH_(3)OH(1:1)root extract and various spectroscopic techniques[UV-vis,infrared radiation,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)(^(1)H-NMR,^(13)C NMR,DEPT-135,COSY,gHSQC and gHMBC)]were used to determine the structures of pure compounds.Results:Phytochemical screening of the CH_(2)Cl_(2)/CH_(3)OH(1:1)root extract of Z.chalybeum revealed the presence of alkaloids,flavonoids,terpenoids,tannins and anthraquinones.Column chromatographic separation of the extract yielded a new coniferyl alcohol derivative,2,3-epoxy-6,7-methylenedioxyconiferyl alcohol(1)together with the known alkaloid,dihydrochelerythrine(2).Conclusions:The present work conducted on the CH2Cl2:CH3OH(1:1)root extract of Z.chalybeum identified various class of compounds present in the root extract.Complete characterization of two compounds were done using spectroscopic techniques of which a coniferyl alcohol derivative(1)was identified for the first time.展开更多
目的采用化学方法合成天然产物松柏醇(CA)并评价其抗炎镇痛活性。方法以阿魏酸为原料,与亚砜生成酰氯、再酯化,最后还原得到CA,其结构经红外、质谱和核磁确证。采用脂多糖(LPS)致RAW264.7细胞损伤模型评价CA的体外抗炎活性;构建小鼠足...目的采用化学方法合成天然产物松柏醇(CA)并评价其抗炎镇痛活性。方法以阿魏酸为原料,与亚砜生成酰氯、再酯化,最后还原得到CA,其结构经红外、质谱和核磁确证。采用脂多糖(LPS)致RAW264.7细胞损伤模型评价CA的体外抗炎活性;构建小鼠足肿胀炎症模型和醋酸致小鼠扭体模型分别评价CA的抗炎镇痛活性。结果本研究共合成1.1 g CA,其化学结构与已报到的结果相符合。MTT测定结果表明松柏醇(1~32μmol/L)本身对RAW264.7细胞生长无明显影响。LPS干预RAW264.7细胞后,细胞生长受到明显抑制。与LPS组相比,CA在4,8和16μmol/L时对LPS致RAW264.7细胞损伤具有保护作用。CA可剂量依赖性地降低细胞上清液中一氧化氮(NO)、前列腺素E_(2)(PGE_(2))、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素6(IL-6)和白介素1-β(IL-1β)水平,显示出较好的抗炎作用。动物实验结果表明腹腔注射给予CA(20、40 mg/kg)能明显改善角叉菜胶致小鼠足肿胀程度,也能明显减少醋酸致小鼠扭体次数。结论CA具有良好的抗炎镇痛活性,在炎症疾病领域具有开发价值。展开更多
Secondarily thickened cell walls of water-conducting vessels and tracheids and support-giving sclerenchyma cells contain lignin that makes the cell walls water impermeable and strong. To what extent laccases and perox...Secondarily thickened cell walls of water-conducting vessels and tracheids and support-giving sclerenchyma cells contain lignin that makes the cell walls water impermeable and strong. To what extent laccases and peroxidases contribute to lignin biosynthesis in muro is under active evaluation. We performed an in silico study of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) laccases utilizing available genomic data. As many as 292 laccase encoding sequences (genes, gene fragments, and pseudogenes) were detected in the spruce genome. Out of the 112 genes annotated as laccases, 79 are expressed at some level. We isolated five fun-length laccase cDNAs from developing xylem and an extracellular lignin-forming cell culture of spruce. In addition, we purified and biochemically characterized one culture medium laccase from the lignin-forming cell culture. This laccase has an acidic pH optimum (pH 3.8-4.2) for coniferyl alcohol oxidation. It has a high affinity to coniferyl alcohol with an apparent Km value of 3.5μM; however, the laccase has a lower catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) for coniferyl alcohol oxidation compared with some purified culture medium peroxidases. The properties are discussed in the context of the information already known about laccases/coniferyl alcohol oxidases of coniferous plants.展开更多
文摘The reduction of 2,3-epoxy alcohol, prepared from the Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, with the system of Ph3P, iodine, iwhdazole, 2,6-lutidine and water in Et2O/CH3CN,gives a chiral secondary allylic alcohol in 94% yield and 92% e.e.. Using this reaction as the key step, we synthesized (-)-coniferyl alcohol derivative 1 steding from the geraniol through nine steps in an overall yield of 39%.
文摘Objective:To isolate and characterize chemical constituents of the roots of Zanthoxylumchalybeum(Z.chalybeum).Methods:A number of phytochemical tests were applied to identify the class of compounds present in the CH_(2)Cl_(2)/CH_(3)OH(1:1)root extract.Column chromatographic separation technique was applied to separate the constituents of the CH_(2)Cl_(2)/CH_(3)OH(1:1)root extract and various spectroscopic techniques[UV-vis,infrared radiation,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)(^(1)H-NMR,^(13)C NMR,DEPT-135,COSY,gHSQC and gHMBC)]were used to determine the structures of pure compounds.Results:Phytochemical screening of the CH_(2)Cl_(2)/CH_(3)OH(1:1)root extract of Z.chalybeum revealed the presence of alkaloids,flavonoids,terpenoids,tannins and anthraquinones.Column chromatographic separation of the extract yielded a new coniferyl alcohol derivative,2,3-epoxy-6,7-methylenedioxyconiferyl alcohol(1)together with the known alkaloid,dihydrochelerythrine(2).Conclusions:The present work conducted on the CH2Cl2:CH3OH(1:1)root extract of Z.chalybeum identified various class of compounds present in the root extract.Complete characterization of two compounds were done using spectroscopic techniques of which a coniferyl alcohol derivative(1)was identified for the first time.
文摘目的采用化学方法合成天然产物松柏醇(CA)并评价其抗炎镇痛活性。方法以阿魏酸为原料,与亚砜生成酰氯、再酯化,最后还原得到CA,其结构经红外、质谱和核磁确证。采用脂多糖(LPS)致RAW264.7细胞损伤模型评价CA的体外抗炎活性;构建小鼠足肿胀炎症模型和醋酸致小鼠扭体模型分别评价CA的抗炎镇痛活性。结果本研究共合成1.1 g CA,其化学结构与已报到的结果相符合。MTT测定结果表明松柏醇(1~32μmol/L)本身对RAW264.7细胞生长无明显影响。LPS干预RAW264.7细胞后,细胞生长受到明显抑制。与LPS组相比,CA在4,8和16μmol/L时对LPS致RAW264.7细胞损伤具有保护作用。CA可剂量依赖性地降低细胞上清液中一氧化氮(NO)、前列腺素E_(2)(PGE_(2))、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素6(IL-6)和白介素1-β(IL-1β)水平,显示出较好的抗炎作用。动物实验结果表明腹腔注射给予CA(20、40 mg/kg)能明显改善角叉菜胶致小鼠足肿胀程度,也能明显减少醋酸致小鼠扭体次数。结论CA具有良好的抗炎镇痛活性,在炎症疾病领域具有开发价值。
基金supported by University of Helsinki Research Funds (to A.K.)Academy of Finland (grant 251390 to A.K.)Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica (to H.A.M.)
文摘Secondarily thickened cell walls of water-conducting vessels and tracheids and support-giving sclerenchyma cells contain lignin that makes the cell walls water impermeable and strong. To what extent laccases and peroxidases contribute to lignin biosynthesis in muro is under active evaluation. We performed an in silico study of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) laccases utilizing available genomic data. As many as 292 laccase encoding sequences (genes, gene fragments, and pseudogenes) were detected in the spruce genome. Out of the 112 genes annotated as laccases, 79 are expressed at some level. We isolated five fun-length laccase cDNAs from developing xylem and an extracellular lignin-forming cell culture of spruce. In addition, we purified and biochemically characterized one culture medium laccase from the lignin-forming cell culture. This laccase has an acidic pH optimum (pH 3.8-4.2) for coniferyl alcohol oxidation. It has a high affinity to coniferyl alcohol with an apparent Km value of 3.5μM; however, the laccase has a lower catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) for coniferyl alcohol oxidation compared with some purified culture medium peroxidases. The properties are discussed in the context of the information already known about laccases/coniferyl alcohol oxidases of coniferous plants.