Control Research of Dual Chamber Hydro-Pneumatic Suspension

Vehicle riding comfort and handling stability are directly affected by suspension performance.A novel dual chamber hydro-pneumatic(DCHP)suspension system is developed in this paper.Based on the structural analysis of the DCHP suspension,an equivalent suspension model is proposed for the control purpose.A cuckoo search(CS)based fuzzy PID controller is proposed for the control of the DCHP suspension system.The proposed controller combines the advantage of fuzzy logic and PID controller,and CS algorithm is used to regulate the membership functions and PID parameters.Compared with tradition LQR controller and passive suspension system,the CSFPID controller can reduce the sprung mass acceleration,and at the same time with no deterioration of tire deflection.

Investigation of Semi-Active Hydro-Pneumatic Suspension for a Heavy Vehicle Based on Electro-Hydraulic Proportional Valve

Hydro-pneumatic suspension is widely used in heavy vehicles due to its nonlinear characteristics of stiffness and damping. However, the conventional passive hydro-pneumatic suspension can’t adjust parameters according to the complicated road environment of heavy vehicles to fulfill the requirements of the vehicle ride comfort. In this paper, a semi-active hydro-pneumatic suspension system based on the electro-hydraulic proportional valve control is proposed, and fuzzy control is used as the control strategy to adjust the?damping force of the semi-active hydro-pneumatic suspension. A 1/4?semi-active hydro-pneumatic suspension model is established, which is co-simulated with AMESim and MATLAB/Simulink. The co-simulation results show that the semi-active hydro-pneumatic suspension system can significantly reduce vibration of the vehicle body, and improve the suspension performance comparing with passive hydro-pneumatic suspension.

Development of a Composite Suspension with a Coil and Hydro-Pneumatic Spring

A new composite suspension is developed, where a coil spring and a hydro-pneumatic spring are used in order to improve the poor reliability of off-road vehicle with pure hydro-pneumatic suspension. According to road conditions, the two springs play different roles. The method for matching the composite suspension stiffness and distributing the load is proposed. The working pressure of hydro-pneumatic spring as well as the load and stiffness characteristics of composite suspension is compared with a pure hydro-pneumatic suspension. In addition, the ISO weighted vehicle body acceleration, suspension travel and relative dynamic load of the wheels between two kinds of suspension are analyzed with a quarter vehicle mode. The simulation result shows that the developed composite suspension is more suitable for off-road vehicle than the one hydro-pneumatic suspension, because the composite suspension can reduce the working pressure, improve the reliability and keep a similar ride comfort with hydro-pneumatic suspension.

Control algorithm for vehicle height adjustable system of hydro-pneumatic suspension based on LuGre model

In order to control the vehicle body position precisely,1/4 nonlinear mathematical model of hydro-pneumatic suspension is established,and the influence of the frictional force in a hydraulic cylinder is analyzed.The friction characteristics are described based on the LuGre model when the piston of a hydraulic actuator is operated at a low speed.Due to the fact parameters of the friction model are effected by the system condition,an adaptive friction compensation（AFC）controller is designed through the Backstepping method,and a dual-observer has been implemented to estimate the friction state.The global asymptotic convergence of a closed-loop system is proven by the Lyapunov theorem.The simulation results show that the positional accuracy of the adaptive friction compensation yiedls a significant improvement in the vehicle height adjustment as compared to the PID control,demonstrating the effectiveness of the adaptive fiction compensation method in the vehicle height adjustable system of the hydro-pneumatic suspension.

Experimental study on wheeled vehicle hydro-pneumatic suspension fault detection

A four-channel MTS road simulation system,which is used to regenerate the acceleration signal at the axle head is presented. A new fault detection method is proposed,which is based on the remote parameter control（ RPC） technology for vehicle hydro-pneumatic suspension system. The transfer function between the drive signals and the axle head acceleration should be identified before the RPC iterative calculation on a computer. By contrasting with the desired frequency response functions（ FRF）,excited through the sample spectrum of road,the iterative convergence speed of the drive function and weighted error are used to detect faults existing in the vehicle＇s suspension. Experimental results show that during the process of regeneration of the acceleration signal at the axle head,the characteristics of failure of the hydro-pneumatic spring are changed randomly resulting in a dramatic increase in calculation of the RPC iterative,which enables relatively large iterative convergence errors. This method can quickly detect and locate a suspension fault and is a simple bench test way in suspension fault detection.

Study on Outboard Inductive Damping Valve in Hydro-pneumatic Suspension

A new outboard inductive damping valve without any electronic control system is developed. Its working principle,structure and external characteristic are studied. Its mathematical model is presented and its damping characteristic is investigated on the basis of fluid continuity equation,differential equations of motion and Bernoulli equation. The influence of the valve parameters on the damping characteristic is studied numerically. The effects of outboard inductive damping valve and common damping valve on ride and tire load are compared also. The external characteristic of the valve is verified in bench test. The results show that the valve’s mathematical model is quite accurate and the developed valve can be adjust in two stages,which can also meet the requirements of the dynamic characteristic of the vehicle suspension system.

Testing Research of Accumulator Performance in the Hydro-pneumatic Suspension of a Vehicle

Taking a 2.5 liter accumulator with hydro-pneumatic suspension in a CXP1032 crane made in Germany as the research object and taking both the overall-road simulative test-bed and the control equipment made by the Schenck Company of Germany as the testing instrument, the structure performance and mechanism are theoretically clarified and the variation of gas states are obtained. This illustrates the accumulating and releasing process of a 2.5 liter accumulator in a 32t crane in the real condition. The preliminary volume and pressure of accumulator would directly affect the stiffness performance of the hydro-pneumatic suspension in a vehicle.

Optimization design of the hydro-pneumatic suspension system for high clearance self-propelled sprayer using improved MOPSO algorithm

Large high clearance self-propelled sprayers were widely used in field plant protection due to their high-efficiency operation capabilities.Influenced by the characteristics of field operations such as high power,heavy weight,high ground clearance,and fast operation speed,the comprehensive requirements for the ride comfort,handling stability and road friendliness of the sprayer were increasingly strong.At the present stage,the chassis structure of the high clearance selfpropelled sprayer that attaches great importance to the improvement of comprehensive performance still has the problems of severe bumps,weak handling performance and serious road damage in complex field environments.Therefore,this paper proposes an optimization design method for hydro-pneumatic suspension system of a high clearance self-propelled sprayer based on the improved MOPSO(Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization)algorithm,covering the entire process of configuration design,parameter intelligent optimization,and system verification of the high clearance self-propelled sprayer chassis.Specifically,chassis structure of the hydro-pneumatic suspension suitable for the high clearance self-propelled sprayer was designed,and a design method combining the improved MOPSO algorithm based on time-varying fusion strategy and adaptive update with the parameter optimization of hydro-pneumatic suspension based on this algorithm was proposed,and finally the software simulation and bench performance verification were carried out.The results show that the optimized hydropneumatic suspension has excellent vibration reduction effect,and the body acceleration,suspension dynamic deflection and tire deflection were increased by 16.5%,9.9%and 0.9%respectively,compared with those before optimization.The comprehensive performance of the hydro-pneumatic suspension designed in this study is better than that of the traditional suspension.

Development of a Twin-Accumulator Hydro-Pneumatic Suspension

A twin-accumulator hydro-pneumatic suspension has been developed based on the off-road vehicle in order to meet the requirements of ride comfort. The working principle and elements construct of the developed suspension are studied. And then,a mathematical model of the developed suspension is built. The influence of twin-accumulator hydro-pneumatic suspension parameters on the vehicle body vertical acceleration,suspension travel and dynamic tyre load is studied by simulation based on a quarter off-road vehicle model. The ride comfort of the vehicle with the developed suspension is studied by a theoretical evaluation; also the ride comfort of the vehicle with twin-accumulator hydro-pneumatic suspension is compared with the one with single accumulator hydro-pneumatic suspension in both time domain and frequency domain. The result shows that the twin-accumulator hydro-pneumatic suspension system gives worthwhile improvements in ride comfort compared with the single accumulator hydro-pneumatic suspension,and it is more suitable for off-road vehicle.

Effect of driving conditions and suspension parameters on dynamic load-sharing of longitudinal-connected air suspensions

The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of driving conditions and suspension parameters on dynamic load-sharing of longitudinal-connected air suspensions of a tri-axle semi-trailer.A novel nonlinear model of a multi-axle semi-trailer with longitudinal-connected air suspension was formulated based on fluid mechanics and thermodynamics and was validated through test results.The effects of driving conditions and suspension parameters on dynamic load-sharing and road-friendliness of the semi-trailer were analyzed.Simulation results indicate that the road-friendliness metric-DLC(dynamic load coefficient) is not always in accordance with the load-sharing metric-DLSC(dynamic load-sharing coefficient).The effect of employing larger air lines and connectors on the DLSC optimization ratio gives varying results as road roughness increases and as driving speed increases.When the vehicle load reduces,or the static pressure increases,the DLSC optimization ratio declines monotonically.The results also indicate that if the air line diameter is always assumed to be larger than the connector diameter,the influence of air line diameter on load-sharing is more significant than that of the connector.

塔梁连接方式对三塔悬索桥地震响应的影响

为优化三塔四跨悬索桥的减震体系设计方案,以某实际工程为例,利用SAP2000软件建立数值模型,对比分析不同中塔-主梁连接方式结构的抗震性能,并在确定合理连接方式基础上,进一步优化分析粘滞阻尼器的设计参数。研究结果表明:通过增加纵向约束刚度能有效减小主塔内力和变形,降低主跨挠度。为减小桥梁运营期间主梁的振动幅度,中塔-主梁连接方式宜优先选用固定支座。在主梁与边塔下横梁处设置粘滞阻尼器可进一步减小主塔下横梁下部结构的地震响应,且建议阻尼器的阻尼系数选用3500,速度指数选用0.3。

大跨径钢桁梁悬索桥加劲梁吊装施工节段连接方式研究

针对在大跨径钢桁梁悬索桥加劲梁施工过程中,加劲梁节段间的不同连接方式会直接影响施工过程中结构的内力、线形和成桥状态等问题。该文以某桥加劲梁施工为研究背景,建立全桥全过程有限元模型,对比分析逐段铰接法、分段刚接法的优缺点,提出采用两两分段刚接方案。在此基础上,根据加劲梁吊装过程中钢桁梁段线形和下弦杆开口量变化规律,提出“小段刚接+大段刚接”同步作业的构思,制定加劲梁节段间体系转换工序方案并实施。实桥测试结果验证了该文分析方法正确可行,在保证结构受力安全、成桥状态合理的前提下,可缩短施工工期、降低建设成本。

钢桁梁悬索桥加劲梁节段安装连接方式研究

针对大跨度钢桁梁悬索桥施工过程中主梁的两种连接方式:逐段铰接法和刚铰结合法,以湖北省某长江公路大桥为例,采用桥梁设计与施工控制分析系统BDCMS建立平面全桥计算模型,对钢桁梁悬索桥主梁施工的两种连接方式进行模拟分析,综合比较施工过程中的加劲梁弦杆内力和加劲梁线形,得出项目采用刚铰结合法的施工方法较为合理的结论,并通过模拟计算对刚铰结合法的临时铰开口宽度进行研究,得到合理的铰固转换时机。

悬挂式驱动部花键联接的应用与研究

花键联接的悬挂式驱动部相对于联轴器联接的落地式驱动部,所占空间小,不需要打地基,与传动机架一体设计。在相同工作状态下,对于花键联接、单键联接、联轴器联接3种方式,从发生故障的频率、使用精度及使用效果方面来看,花键联接性价比相对较高。但花键联接也存在一定的问题,由于在工作过程中滚筒轴会产生挠度变形,在花键联接处发生交变载荷,从而导致滚筒轴和花键的受力状态发生改变,造成滚筒轴和花键之间磨损加剧。因此需要将滚筒轴与花键联接的部位进行一定的优化改进,以此来减轻由滚筒轴挠度变形引起的磨损。

110~220kV“三跨”悬垂双串的联塔形式

为了使悬垂双串更加安全可靠运行,以220kV双分裂导线悬垂双串为例,首次提出了辅以长、短联塔备份串的“三挂点”的设计理念,即联塔中心串两侧的长、短联塔备份串设计为“松弛连接”,在正常工况下不受力,仅有联塔中心串受力,实现双悬垂串的“双联单固定”,确保双串受力均衡;当联塔中心串断联后,两侧长、短联塔备份串才受力,实现“双联双固定”,从而解决了传统“双联双固定”和“双联单固定”的设计缺陷,确保导线悬垂双串不发生掉串事故。为了消除直线塔相邻档高差大所产生的两联长度差值现象,两侧长、短联塔备份串的串长应实施差异化设计。

车辆惯容器-弹簧-阻尼器半主动悬架模糊控制

为了研究惯容器-弹簧-阻尼器(ISD)半主动悬架系统对汽车平顺性和安全性的影响,建立了2自由度车辆ISD半主动悬架模型,采用模糊控制策略,以车身垂直加速度及车身垂直加速度变化率作为模糊控制器的输入信号对ISD半主动悬架系统进行了仿真分析。在此基础上,设计开发了基于dSPACE的半主动悬架模糊控制系统,并进行了台架试验研究,分析了ISD半主动悬架系统在不同车速下对随机输入路面的相应。仿真结果和台架试验结果基本吻合,结果表明:所建立的ISD半主动悬架数学模型正确,采用模糊控制的ISD半主动悬架系统在减少振动,提高汽车行驶平顺性方面要优于ISD悬架。

武汉杨泗港长江大桥主桥加劲梁架设施工技术

武汉杨泗港长江大桥主桥为主跨1700 m的单跨双层公路悬索桥,加劲梁采用全焊接钢桁梁结构,共49个节段,其中标准梁段长36 m、宽32.5 m、桁高10 m,重约1010 t。加劲梁采用大节段制造、运输和架设总体思路施工。利用900 t液压提升式缆载吊机由跨中向两侧架设加劲梁,其中,无吊索区2个梁段采用单台缆载吊机“荡移法”架设,其余47个梁段均采用2台缆载吊机“抬吊”架设。加劲梁架设时,先利用2台缆载吊机架设跨中区域7个梁段,再利用4台缆载吊机对称架设剩余42个梁段,最后在塔柱两侧采用“预偏法”合龙。在加劲梁架设过程中,采用了“节段间临时连接+部分配重”的方案施工;并根据加劲梁架设顺序对航道布置进行了2个阶段的动态调整。

±500 kV直流线路避雷器工程应用研究

雷击是影响±500 k V直流架空输电线路运行的重要因素,±500 k V直流线路避雷器的挂网试运行成功,为直流线路防雷改造提供了有效技术手段,但大规模的工程应用仍是空白。笔者结合±500 k V江城线直流线路避雷器安装项目,研究了±500 k V直流线路避雷器选型、选点原则,给出了不同塔型下直流线路避雷器的安装方案,并提出直线塔宜采用悬挂式安装方案,耐张塔宜采用地面支柱式安装方案。运行数据表明,笔者提出的±500 k V直流线路避雷器选型、选点原则防雷改造效果明显,安装方案达到线路安全运行要求,对±500 k V直流线路避雷器的推广应用和在运直流线路防雷改造工作具有重要的实践和借鉴意义。

大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥拱肋吊装过程的仿真计算

在大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥施工中,大部分采用无支架缆索吊装斜拉扣挂施工方法,因此确定扣索索力和预抬高量是保证拱肋吊装的施工质量和安全的重要措施。采用基于前进分析的有限元法能方便有效地确定拱肋吊装过程中的扣索索力和预抬高量,并能使扣索索力一次性张拉到位,最后用示例证实本方法的正确性。

连通式油气悬挂系统刚度特性分析

建立了连通式油气悬挂系统的铅垂线刚度和侧倾角刚度的计算公式,分析了悬挂质量、蓄能器容积、初始充气压力,悬挂缸面积比以及悬挂缸的安装距等对刚度特性的影响,分析结果可以为连通式油气悬挂系统的设计提供依据。