Conodont Biostratigraphy of the Middle Cambrian through Lowermost Ordovician in Hunan, South China

Since 1985, samples with a total weight of more than 14,000 kg, mainly from three key sections in western and northwestern Hunan, South China, have been processed for conodonts. In strata older than the late Late Cambrian paraconodonts have proved useful for stratigraphic subdivision and correlation. Thirteen conodont zones are proposed in the Middle Cambrian through lowermost Ordovician. The correlation between these zones and those of North China, western U. S.A., western Newfoundland, Canada, and Iran is discussed. In ascending order, these 13 zones are as follows: The Gapparodus bisulcatus-Westergaardodina brevidens Zone, Shandongodus priscus-Hunanognathus tricuspidatus Zone, Westergaardodina quadrata Zone, Westergaardodina matsushitai-W. grandidens Zone, Westergaardodina lui-W. am Zone, Westergaardodina cf. calix-Prooneotodus rotundatus Zone, Proconodontus tenuiserratus Zone, Proconodontus Zone, Eoconodontus Zone, Cordylodus proavus Zone, Cordylodus intermedius Zone, Cordylodus lindstromi Zone, and Cordylodus angulatus Zone (lower part). The Westergaardodina lui-W. ani and Westergaardodina cf. calix-Prooneotodus rotundatus Zones replace the Westergaardodina proligula and Westergaardodina cf. behrae-Prooneotodus rotundatus Zones, respectively, in the lowermost Upper Cambrian. Two new species (Westergaardodina Iui and Westergaardodina ani) and one conditionally identified species (Westergaardodina cf. calix) are described.

Conodont Biostratigraphy and Age Determination of the Lower-Middle Triassic Boundary in South Guizhou Province,China

The demarcation of the Lower-Middle Triassic boundary is a disputed problem in global stratigraphic research. Lower-Middle Triassic strata of different types, from platform to basin facies,are well developed in Southwest China. This is favorable for the study of the Olenekian-Anisian boundary and establishing a stratotype for the Qingyan Stage. Based on research at the Ganheqiao section in Wangmo county and the Qingyan section in Guiyang city, Guizhou province, six conodont zones have been recognized, which can be correlated with those in other regions, in ascending order as follows： 1, Neospathodus cristagalli Interval-Zone; 2, Neospathodus pakistanensis Interval-Zone; 3,Neospathodus waageni Interval-Zone; 4, Neospathodus homeri-N, triangularis Assemblage-Zone; 5,Chiosella timorensis Interval-Zone; and 6, Neogongdolella regalis Range-Zone. An evolutionary series of the Early-Middle Triassic conodont genera Neospathodus-Chiosella-Neogongdolella discovered in the Ganheqiao and Qingyan sections has an intermediate type named Neospathodus qingyanensis that appears between Neospathodus homeri and Chiosella timorensis in the upper part of the Neospathodus homeri-N, triangularis Zone, showing an excellent evolutionary relationship of conodonts near the Lower-Middle Triassic boundary. The Lower-Middle Triassic boundary is located at 1.5 m below the top of the Ziyun Formation, where Chiosella timorensis Zone first appears in the Qingyan section,whereas this boundary is located 0.5 m below the top of the Ziyun Formation, where Chiosella timorensis Zone first appears in the Ganheqiao section. There exists one nearly 6-m thick vitric tuff bed at the bottom of the Xinyuan Formation in the Ganheqiao section, which is usually regarded as a lithologic symbol of the Lower-Middle Triassic boundary in South China. Based on the analysis of high -precision and high-sensitivity Secondary Ion Mass Spectrum data ,the zircon age of this tuff has a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 239.0±2.9 Ma （2σ）, which is a directly measured zircon U-Pb age of the Lower-Middle Triassic boundary. The Ganheqiao section in Wangmo county can therefore provide an excellent section through the Lower-Middle Triassic because it is continuous, the evolution of the conodonts is distinctive and the regionally stable distributed vitric tuff near the Lower-Middle Triassic boundary can be regarded as a regional key isochronal layer. This section can be regarded not only as a standard section for the establishment of the Qingyan Stage in China, but also as a reference section for the GSSP of the Lower-Middle Triassic boundary.

The Upper Ordovician Microfossil Assemblages from the Pagoda Formation in Zigui, Hubei Province

The Pagoda Formation is a lithologically and biologically distinctive unit among the Upper Ordovician. The strata are characterized by a nodular limestone, which yields fossil assemblages of high diversity. Conodonts of 14 genera 20 species （6 undetermined species） and ostracods of 14 genera 26 species （16 undetermined species） are identified. In addition, spherical radiolarians and minute-walled foraminifers were first reported from this formation in South China. The conodont assemblage is attributed to the Hamarous europaeus Zone, which indicates the Early Katian Age. The conodont HDS biofacies, along with thin-shelled ostracods, spherical radiolarians and foraminifers, suggest relatively deep and quiet water depositional environment. Accordingly, these fossil materials not only enrich the diversity of the Pagoda biota, but also provide evidence for discussions of deposi- tional environments and stratigraphic correlations for the Pagoda Formation.

华南奥陶系达瑞威尔阶底界附近的牙形刺

本文详细描述了湖北宜昌、兴山和浙赣“三山”（即浙江的常山、江山和江西的玉山）地区奥陶系达瑞威尔阶底界附近层位中的牙形刺共21属32种。以带分子的首次出现为标志，湖北地区达瑞威尔阶底界上、下地层的牙形刺带由上而下可划分为：Eoplacognathuscrassus，Lenodusvariabilis，L．antivariabilis，Baltoniodusnorrlandicus－Microzarkodinaparva和Paroistodusoriginalis带。这些牙形刺带可与Lindstrom（1971）、Lofgren（1978，1993，1994，1995）、Wang和Bergstrom（1995）、Bagnoli和Stouge（1997）及Albanesi等（1998）在欧洲、我国浙赣“三山”地区及阿根廷等地发现的牙形刺带进行对比（表1）。在湖北宜昌和兴山地区U.austrodentatus笔石带之底界（＝达瑞威尔阶之底界）十分接近Baltoniodusnorrlandicus－Microzarkodinaparva带之底界。

贵州习水奥陶系牙形石生物地层

贵州习水良村剖面地层发育齐全,是目前所知上扬子地区出露最为完整的奥陶系剖面之一。该剖面海相碳酸盐岩发育,具备优越的牙形石生物地层研究条件。本次,笔者等于此获得了丰富的牙形石标本,经研究建立了16个牙形石带,由下至上分别为Monocostodus sevierensis带,Cordylodus angulatus带,Glyptoconus quadraplicatus带,Tripodus proteus带,Triangulatus bifidus带,Serratognathus diversus带,Oepikodus communis带,Oepikodus evae带,Baltoniodus triangularis带,Baltoniodus navis带,Paroistodus originalis带,Baltoniodus aff.navis带,Lenodus antivariabilis-L.variabilis组合带,Pygodus serra带,Hamarodus brevirameus带以及Protopanderodus insculptus带。

中国特马豆克阶笔石地层述评

特马豆克阶是奥陶系第一个顶底界均已确立全球界线层型的年代地层单元,由于这两个GSSP都不在我国,因此如何在我国各个地区准确识别这两条界线,了解阶内的笔石和牙形刺序列,对我国奥陶纪地层和古生物研究具有重要意义。简要介绍特马豆克阶和奥陶系底界全球层型的纽芬兰GreenPoint剖面及特马豆克阶顶界全球层型的瑞典Diabasbrottet剖面,对界线附近的生物地层进行了分析讨论,并对GSSP的确立过程作了简要回顾。在以往大量成果积累及近年来工作的基础上,对我国特马豆克阶的笔石序列提出了新的观点:根据对吉林大阳岔等剖面的最新研究,华北板块的特马豆克阶笔石地层从下至上可以识别出4个笔石带——Rhabdinoporaflabelliformisparabola带、Anisograptusmatanensis带、Psigraptusjacksoni带和Aorograptusvictoriae带,弃用以往长期使用的Adelograptus-Clonograptus带;同时提出华南的特马豆克阶从下到上可以识别出7个笔石带——Rhabdinopora?taojiangensis带,R.flabelliformisparabola带,Anisograptusmatanensis带,R.flabelliformisanglica带,Aorograptusvictoriae带,Acanthograptussinensis带,Hunnegraptuscopiosus带。对采自四川古蔺纳羊箐桐梓组顶部笔石标本的研究表明,该层位相当于特马豆克期末的Hunnegraptuscopiosus带。此外还将我国的特马豆克阶笔石序列与国外若干主要地区进行了对比。

扬子台地西南缘奥陶纪达瑞威尔期—桑比期地层划分对比与古地理

扬子台地西缘(今昆明—西昌—成都之间)奥陶纪达瑞威尔期—桑比期地层以往多被笼统地归入“巧家组”,其空间分布情况不详,划分与对比仍存争议。综合最新研究成果与前人资料,本文认为“巧家组”仅限于台地西南缘(今川滇交界南部与滇中),代表康滇古陆与滇黔桂古陆之间的浅水海湾沉积,与台地西缘其他地区相当层位岩相差别明显,宜专文优先详述。在分布区内,“巧家组”两分明显:下部以白云岩为主,广布于滇中至川滇交界南部,向古地理上远岸一侧相变为灰岩;上部以一套碎屑-碳酸盐混积岩为特色,底部常发育铁鲕层,其分布限于川滇交界南部,亦向远岸一侧过渡为灰岩沉积。以此认识为基础,按照现代命名规范的目标和要求,本文提出“巧家组”划分命名修订方案,以最大限度地确保研究区内地层单位名称的稳定与统一,即:维持“巧家组”原义,提升其为巧家群;恢复使用诺多组和华弹组分别指称“巧家组”的下部和上部;将华弹组非正式划分为下、中、上三段;鉴于华弹组底部铁鲕层在上扬子区分布较为广泛,具有重要的地层对比价值,创名西瑶层称之。同时,本文认为诺多组和华弹组的时代分属于达瑞威尔早期和达瑞威尔晚期—桑比期。在新的地层框架下,本研究系统汇总了现有的资料,进而讨论了研究区达瑞威尔期—桑比期的古地理变迁。

浅议上扬子区下奥陶统桐梓组

华南上扬子区桐梓组为下奥陶统最底部的岩石地层单位之一。通过贵州习水吼滩剖面桐梓组的系统分析,并结合上扬子区多个相关剖面的资料,确定桐梓组以中厚层白云岩、白云质灰岩、页岩为主,偶夹薄层生屑灰岩。桐梓组主要形成于浅潮下带至深潮下带环境,其沉积厚度具由西向东逐渐增大的趋势,白云岩所占比例由西向东逐渐减少。通过对白云岩岩石学特征分析,初步得出桐梓组白云岩成因:在台地浅滩附近以混合水白云岩化为主,在台地内部以回流渗透作用为主。整个桐梓组自下而上可以建立5个牙形石带,分别是Cordylodus angulatus带、Glyptoconus quadraplicatus-Scolopodus?pseudoplanus带、Paltodus deltifer-Triangulodus proteus带、Triangulodus bifidus带、Serratognatus divers带。桐梓组上下界线均为穿时界线,底界由西向东向上穿时,顶界向下穿时。