Conservation management practices e including agroforestry,cover cropping,no-till,reduced tillage,and residue return e have been applied for decades to control surface runoff and soil erosion,yet results have not been...Conservation management practices e including agroforestry,cover cropping,no-till,reduced tillage,and residue return e have been applied for decades to control surface runoff and soil erosion,yet results have not been integrated and evaluated across cropping systems.In this study we collected data comparing agricultural production with and without conservation management strategies.We used a bootstrap resampling analysis to explore interactions between practice type,soil texture,surface runoff,and soil erosion.We then used a correlation analysis to relate changes in surface runoff and soil erosion to 13 other soil health and agronomic indicators,including soil organic carbon,soil aggregation,infil-tration,porosity,subsurface leaching,and cash crop yield.Across all conservation management practices,surface runoff and erosion had respective mean decreases of 67%and 80%compared with controls.Use of cover cropping provided the largest decreases in erosion and surface runoff,thus emphasizing the importance of maintaining continuous vegetative cover on soils.Coarse-and medium-textured soils had greater decreases in both erosion and runoff than fine-textured soils.Changes in surface runoff and soil erosion under conservation management were highly correlated with soil organic carbon,aggregation,porosity,infiltration,leaching,and yield,showing that conservation practices help drive important in-teractions between these different facets of soil health.This study offers the first large-scale comparison of how different conservation agriculture practices reduce surface runoff and soil erosion,and at the same time provides new insight into how these interactions influence the improvement or loss of soil health。展开更多
In the realities of the modern world, when the natural habitat is rapidly disappearing and the number of imperiled plants is constantly growing, ex situ conservation is gaining importance. To meet this challenge, bota...In the realities of the modern world, when the natural habitat is rapidly disappearing and the number of imperiled plants is constantly growing, ex situ conservation is gaining importance. To meet this challenge, botanic gardens need to revise both their strategic goals and their methodologies to achieve the new goals. This paper proposes a strategy for the management of threatened plants in living collections,which includes setting regional conservation priorities for the species, creation of genetically representative collections for the high priority species, and usage of these collections in in situ actions. In this strategy, the value of existing and future species living collections for conservation is determined by the species' conservation status and how well the accessions represent their natural genetic variation.展开更多
The sword lily Gladiolus palustris Gaudin is protected on European level and listed in Annexes II and IV of the EC Habitat Directive 92/43/EEC.It grows in nutrient-poor,calcareous meadows in central and eastern Europe...The sword lily Gladiolus palustris Gaudin is protected on European level and listed in Annexes II and IV of the EC Habitat Directive 92/43/EEC.It grows in nutrient-poor,calcareous meadows in central and eastern Europe.Tree encroachment in montane meadows of the European Alps as a result of recent land use changes and the abandonment of traditional farming practices threaten the survival of this species.Conservation-driven mowing is considered a feasible conservation measure for maintaining high species diversity in abandoned semi-natural grasslands.To assess the effects of tenyears of biennial mowing on a grassland community in the Dolomiti Bellunesi National Park,Italy(Site of Community Importance,Natura 2000 network),ten25 m2 plots were established whereby four plots were placed in the mowed area,four in the non-mowed area and two in a small non-mowed patch of grassland inside the mowed area.In each plot the following variables were recorded,total percentage of plant cover,percentage cover of woody species,percentage cover of herbaceous species,percentage cover and number of flowering ramets of G.palustris and a complete list of species and their percentage abundance.Mowed plots showed a higher species richness than non-mowed plots.The number of G.palustris flowering ramets and percentage cover increased manifold in mowed plots compared to nonmowed plots.The resumption of mowing forconservation purposes undertaken by the managing authority halted the process of tree encroachment and avoided a drastic change in plant composition.Periodic mowing(every second or third year)was demonstrated to be a cost-effective conservation measure in non-productive grasslands to keep grasses at bay in favour of forbs of high conversation value.展开更多
In biodiversity management, spatio-temporal heterogeneity is important to consider conserving high levels of habitat diversity and ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the relationship between landscape spatio-t...In biodiversity management, spatio-temporal heterogeneity is important to consider conserving high levels of habitat diversity and ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the relationship between landscape spatio-temporal heterogeneity and biodiversity in a mosaic-landscape, located in the Fontainebleau forest (France). The diversity of successional stages along a gradient from heathland to forest as well as the persistence of Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull in different forest stands was examined in order to find how the numerous patches of European Heathland habitat embedded in this area should be maintained. The results indicated that in the areas of high spatio-temporal heterogeneity, a general increase is observed in species richness, in particular for vascular plants, bryophytes and carabids. C. vulgaris persisted in coniferous stands and young mixed stand but decreased under deciduous trees and old mixed stands. The Ellenberg’s values for light, nutrients and acidity, show the persistence of favorable enviromental conditions for heathland vegetation under coniferous stands and young mixed stands. These results enable us to offer recommendations to better manage mosaic-landscape biodiversity, and in particular, the heathland semi-natural habitats in the Fontainebleau forest and elsewhere in Europe.展开更多
The modernization of water conservancy project management is a complicated engineering system involving a management system, a management method, management personnel, the exertion of social, economic, and ecological ...The modernization of water conservancy project management is a complicated engineering system involving a management system, a management method, management personnel, the exertion of social, economic, and ecological effects, and so on. However, indices for evaluating the modernization of water conservancy project management are usually unobtainable in practical applications. Conducting appropriate extension of the classical rough set theory and then applying it to an incomplete information system are the key to the application of the rough set theory Based on analysis of some extended rough set models in incomplete information systems, a rough set model based on the θ-improved limited tolerance relation is put forward. At the same time, upper approximation and lower approximation are defined under this improved relation. According to the evaluation index system and management practices, the threshold for θ is defined. An example study indicates the practicability and maneuverability of the model.展开更多
Background:Conceptual models of forest dynamics are powerful cognitive tools,which are indispensable for communicating ecological ideas and knowledge,and in developing strategic approaches and setting targets for for...Background:Conceptual models of forest dynamics are powerful cognitive tools,which are indispensable for communicating ecological ideas and knowledge,and in developing strategic approaches and setting targets for forest conservation,restoration and sustainable management.Forest development through time is conventionally described as a directional,or "linear",and predictable sequence of stages from "bare ground" to old forest representing the "climax-state".However,this simple view is incompatible with the current knowledge and understanding of intrinsic variability of forest dynamics.Hypothesis:Overly simple conceptual models of forest dynamics easily become transformed into biased mental models of how forests naturally develop and what kind of structures they display.To be able to communicate the essential features and diversity of forest dynamics,comprehensive conceptual models are needed.For this end,Kuuluvainen(2009) suggested a relatively simple conceptual model of forest dynamics,which separates three major modes of forest dynamics,and incorporates state changes and transitions between the forest dynamics modes depending on changes in disturbance regime.Conclusions:Conceptual models of forest dynamics should be comprehensive enough to incorporate both longterm directional change and short-term cyclic forest dynamics,as well as transitions from one dynamics mode to another depending on changes in the driving disturbance regime type.Models that capture such essential features of forest dynamics are indispensable for educational purposes,in setting reference conditions and in developing methods in forest conservation,restoration and ecosystem management.展开更多
The present study analyzes the information and perception of the local community of Samagaun VDC, Manaslu Conservation Area Project (MCAP) regarding Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soó (Orchidaceae). We assessed ...The present study analyzes the information and perception of the local community of Samagaun VDC, Manaslu Conservation Area Project (MCAP) regarding Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soó (Orchidaceae). We assessed the local peoples’ perception on its population status, its availability, factors causing its decline and management practices of this terrestrial orchids. A pre-designed questionnaire was used to gather information targeting the age group between 25 and 60 years (n = 75, 45 male and 30 female). Most of the informants (76%) believe that the abundance of this orchid is declining. Over grazing of domestic animals, over harvesting and lack of awareness among the local community were determined to be the major causes of decline of D. hatagirea in the study area. Protection measures as prescribed by the informants were control grazing, raising awareness among the individuals and sustainable harvestings for the long-term conservation of the species. Systematic management plans that incorporate the participation of local individuals and prioritization of their views will be applicable for the proper conservation of the species.展开更多
Animals that live in seasonal environments adjust their reproduction cycle to optimize seasonal forage quality.Giant pandas(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)are seasonal altitudinal migrants that feed on bamboo shoots and leave...Animals that live in seasonal environments adjust their reproduction cycle to optimize seasonal forage quality.Giant pandas(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)are seasonal altitudinal migrants that feed on bamboo shoots and leaves with different nutritional quality.However,the importance of bamboo shoots to giant pandas,especially small and isolated populations,is not fully appreciated.Here,we explored whether mating time of giant pandas is shaped by bamboo shoot phenology.We also assessed the intensity of ongoing bamboo shoot harvesting by local communities in 42 giant panda reserves based on questionnaire surveys.Varying intensity and protection levels of bamboo shoot harvesting were found.From these data,we developed a priority ranking scheme of protection areas for this key food resource.Our study showed that pandas time their mating behavior to coincide with bamboo shoot phenology due to the high nutritional demands associated with mating and pregnancy.We also found that bamboo shoots were not well protected in many places.Liangshan,Daxiangling,and Xiaoxiangling,containing the most isolated panda populations,were identified as the areas with the most urgent need of protection.Furthermore,equal attention should be paid to the Qiong L-B population,as this region holds considerable potential to serve as a corridor between the Minshan and Qionglai populations.To address the challenges posed by bamboo shoot harvesting,we recommend establishing more practical bamboo shoot management policies,increasing public awareness of bamboo shoot protection,and providing alternative sources of income for local communities.展开更多
Gene flow between sympatric congeneric plants is thought to be very common and may pose serious threats to endangered species.In the present study,we evaluate the genetic diversity and divergence of three sympatric Rh...Gene flow between sympatric congeneric plants is thought to be very common and may pose serious threats to endangered species.In the present study,we evaluate the genetic diversity and divergence of three sympatric Rhododendron species in Jiaozi Mountain using newly developed microsatellites through the Illumina MiSeq sequencing approach.Genetic diversity of all three Rhododendron species studied was moderate in comparison to genetic parameters previously reported from species of this genus.Interestingly,genetic structure analysis of the three species identified a possible hybrid origin of the threatened Rh.pubicostatum.This sympatry should be considered a unimodal hybrid zone,since Rh.pubicostatum is predominant here.Unimodal hybrid zones are uncommon in Rhododendron,despite the fact that hybridization frequently occurs in the genus.Issues pertaining to the conservation of Rh.pubicostatum resulting from admixture of genetic material from its parental species are discussed.展开更多
The focus of this research lies in community empowerment based on culture and local communities as well as sustainable ecotourism,which is directed at a complicated mechanism of empowerment elements,local culture that...The focus of this research lies in community empowerment based on culture and local communities as well as sustainable ecotourism,which is directed at a complicated mechanism of empowerment elements,local culture that is thick in ecotourism to get added value for the novelty of ecotourism research.The object of research is Wasur National Park(WNP),Papua,Indonesia.Qualitative methods have been used to obtain accurate data and information,i.e.,in-depth interviews with indigenous people to find out the benefits or functions of their culture that can be developed in ecotourism,interviews with leaders and staff of WNP and the Department of Culture and Tourism to find out the potential and processes empowerment and existing tourism potential.As a result,from the perspective of empowerment,local people will easily follow the empowerment process provided that they use methods that are culturally appropriate which is from the viewpoints from the culture of sasi,totem and sacred places.The culture adopted by the community is in accordance with the principles of ecotourism that supports sustainability,environmental conservation,protection of environmental resources and increases economic value.However,it is recommended to carry out modified socialization in accordance with the current conditions.Hence,tourists who visit WNP do not become afraid of the very rigid sanctions which are applied to them who violate the existing cultural and environmental customs.Moreover,to get added economic value in the tourism business within WNP,it is necessary to explore the potential of cultural wealth,natural and biological wealth so that it becomes the main attraction in carrying out the economic empowerment of local communities in the field of ecotourism.展开更多
The approach to favorable risk prostate cancer known as“active surveillance”was first described explicitly in 2002.This was a report of 250 patients managed with a strategy of expectant management,with serial prosta...The approach to favorable risk prostate cancer known as“active surveillance”was first described explicitly in 2002.This was a report of 250 patients managed with a strategy of expectant management,with serial prostate-specific antigen and periodic biopsy,and radical intervention advised for patients who were re-classified as higher risk.This was initiated as a prospective clinical trial,complete with informed consent,beginning in 2007.Thus,there are now 20 years of experience with this approach,which has become widely adopted around the world.In this chapter,we will summarize the biological basis for active surveillance,review the experience to date of the Toronto and Hopkins groups which have reported 15-year outcomes,describe the current approach to active surveillance in patients with Gleason score 3þ3 or selected patients with Gleason score 3þ4 with a low percentage of Gleason pattern 4 who may also be candidates,enhanced by the use of magnetic resonance imaging,and forecast future directions.展开更多
Sea level rise,amplified by anthropogenic climate change,causes visible impacts on wildlife habitats in low-lying coastal areas.However,the potential consequences of sea level height(SLH)changes for pelagic fish habit...Sea level rise,amplified by anthropogenic climate change,causes visible impacts on wildlife habitats in low-lying coastal areas.However,the potential consequences of sea level height(SLH)changes for pelagic fish habitats in the open oceans are poorly understood,especially for climate-sensitive Ommastrephid squid.In this study,the impacts of SLH changes were estimated under three different SLH change scenarios(5 cm,20 cm,and 35 cm)for the western stock of winter-spring neon flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii,an ecologically-and commercially-important species in the northwest Pacific Ocean(NWPO).A habitat suitability index(HSI)modeling approach was applied to predict the habitat suitability of O.bartramii,using data from 2006 to 2014 for model construction and data from 2015 for model validation.Results showed that the decreasing catch-per-unit-effort(CPUE)of O.bartramii from 2006 to 2015 was highly correlated with the increases in sea level height(SLH).Significant positive relationships were found between the HSI values for latitudinal centers of gravity(LATGHSI)and SLH.The monthly-averaged HSI of O.bartramii was negatively correlated with the SLH,except in July and November.SLH scenarios revealed that the predicted suitable habitat(areas with HSI≥0.6)exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing SLH from August to October.In July and November,the suitable habitat initially increased in the+5 cm and+20 cm scenarios,but largely declined under the+35 cm scenario.The poor habitat(areas with HSI≤0.2)significantly increased under all SLH scenarios.A poleward shift of LATGHSI was observed under all scenarios.These findings suggest that the O.bartramii habitats in the NWPO are at risk to SLH changes and have important implications for better conservation and fishery management regarding pelagic short-lived Ommastrephid squid in global oceans.展开更多
The aims of this study were to provide a complete inventory of wetlands in Turkey including their past status(1910-1930)in comparison to the present time(2014).The types of wetlands and their area sizes were determine...The aims of this study were to provide a complete inventory of wetlands in Turkey including their past status(1910-1930)in comparison to the present time(2014).The types of wetlands and their area sizes were determined by using cartographical maps of 1/200,000 in scale made between 1910s and 1920s vs.2006 CORINE Land Cover data,which were updated with Landsat 8 satellite images in 2014.The effect of possible climate change on wetlands sizes various local,national and regional rainfall datasets were analysed by correlation and regression analysis.A hundred years ago,the total number of natural wetlands was 1299 with a total surface area of 1,376,505 hectares.In 2014,the total number of natural wetlands had decreased to 900,with a total surface area of 1,085,936 hectares,so that 21.2%of the original wetlands were lost(291,339 hectares).The observed changes in the number of wetlands and their relative sizes cannot be attributed directly to changes in climate.Wetland drainage was largely responsible for observed wetland losses,but local changes in precipitation regimes partially contributed to this loss.Urgent conservation and restoration of wetlands are recommended to avoid further loss of wetlands in Turkey.展开更多
Cervical pregnancy is a rare clinical entity that accounts for less than 1% of all ectopic pregnancies. It results from implantation of the blastocyst in the cervical canal below the level of the internal os. Although...Cervical pregnancy is a rare clinical entity that accounts for less than 1% of all ectopic pregnancies. It results from implantation of the blastocyst in the cervical canal below the level of the internal os. Although non-tubal ectopic pregnancies account for only 5%<span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span>of ectopics, they contribute to a significant morbidity. The cornerstone in the management of cervical ectopic is early diagnosis by high index of suspension and a qualified sonographer. Management options for cervical ectopic pregnancies range from conservative drug treatment to radical hysterectomy. Over the last few years, the mortality and morbidity rates of ectopic pregnancies have been reduced. This is mainly due to the early recognition of the condition and the wide availability of minimally invasive surgical procedures. We present a case of a 33-year-old</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span>woman that was 16 weeks pregnant. She presented initially with recurrent vaginal bleeding followed by minimal lower abdominal pain. Her early US scans were</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span>misleading. Several weeks later,</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span>a follow up MRI scan suggested cervical ectopic. She was managed surgically with uterine preservation.</span></span></span>展开更多
After habitat loss,drastic effects of biological invasion caused by alien invasive species to the native biodiversity have been acknowledged worldwide by the agriculturists,ecologists,and governments as it is more ove...After habitat loss,drastic effects of biological invasion caused by alien invasive species to the native biodiversity have been acknowledged worldwide by the agriculturists,ecologists,and governments as it is more overwhelming than pollution,harvest and disease combined.One such example of biological invasion is P.hysterophorus which is considered to be one of the topmost noxious weeds threatening ecosystems diversity in the world,particularly in Pakistan due to its invasive success and generalist nature.Yet no studies have explored the pattern and determinants of plant biodiversity in the Parthenium dominated landscapes.Here we explored the current distribution pattern of this species with relation to environmental variables in the Malakand division of northern Pakistan.Twenty-three sites dominated by P.hysterophorus were identified through a participatory mapping process combined with traditional ecological knowledge and quantitative inventories were made.In total,we found 62 plant species in 55 genera and 32 families,predominately from Asteraceae,Poaceae,and Solanaceae.Ward’s agglomerative clustering procedure showed three well-differentiated,and ecologically meaningful but overlapping vegetation communities.P.hysterophorus was found to be the leading species with an average Importance value ranging from 33.28%to 65.59%.Based on our criteria,surprisingly we found significantly less to be fully(30%)or partially invaded(21%)than the less invaded(47%)plots,indicating the gradual invasive success of the species across the landscape.Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA-ordination)has explained 36.9%of the cumulative variance by the first three axes and identified elevation(r=-0.526),slope(r=0.438)and percent sand(r=-0.474)to be the major environmental factors affecting the distribution of P.hysterophorus and associated vegetation.These results suggested that elevation and percent sand negatively affect Parthenium distribution whereas slope has a positive relationship thereby promoting its populations in the region.The generalist nature of this invasive species is likely to have an overall adverse negative effect on the ecosystem functioning and cannot be ignored.Therefore,quick actions should be taken for the management of this noxious weed to avoid economic consequences and potential threats to fragile ecosystems such as that in Malakand division.展开更多
BACKGROUND Postoperative chylothorax is usually regarded as a complication associated with cardiothoracic surgery;however,it is one of the rare complications in orthopedic surgery.This case report describes a female p...BACKGROUND Postoperative chylothorax is usually regarded as a complication associated with cardiothoracic surgery;however,it is one of the rare complications in orthopedic surgery.This case report describes a female patient who developed chylothorax after a successful L4-S1 transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion surgery.The etiology,diagnosis,and treatment were analyzed and discussed.CASE SUMMARY A 50-year-old woman was admitted with repeated back and leg pain.She was diagnosed with L4 degenerative spondylolisthesis,L4/L5 and L5/S1 intervertebral disc herniation and L5 instability,and underwent successful posterior L4-S1 instrumentation and fusion surgery.Unfortunately,thoracic effusion was identified 2 d after operation.The thoracic effusion was finally confirmed to be chylous based on twice positive chyle qualitative tests.The patient was discharged after 12-d persisting drainage,3-d total parenteral nutrition and fasting,and other supportive treatments.No recurring symptoms were observed within 12 mo follow-up.CONCLUSION Differential diagnosis is crucial for unusual thoracic effusion.Comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of chylothorax are necessary.Thorough intraoperative protection to relieve high thoracic pressure caused by the prone position is important.展开更多
Rationale:Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a life-threatening infectious disease that requires early diagnosis and treatment.The disease is often misdiagnosed due to its diversity of clinical manifestations.Patient’s ...Rationale:Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a life-threatening infectious disease that requires early diagnosis and treatment.The disease is often misdiagnosed due to its diversity of clinical manifestations.Patient’s concern:A 62-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency department following a 12-hour history of abdominal pain and dyspnea.Physical examination showed percussion pain on the right costovertebral angle.Besides,she had a history of diabetes mellitus and urinary calculus.Diagnosis:Emphysematous pyelonephritis.Intervention:The patient accepted antishock therapy,tight glucose control,and broad-spectrum anti-infective therapy.After stabilization of the general condition,an ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrostomy was performed.Outcome:Her conditions became stable over the following days.She presented a favorable clinical course,with normalization of renal function and positive improvements in imaging findings in a month.Lessons:Early diagnosis and rapid medical management are the keys to successful treatment.CT is an important method for the diagnosis of emphysematous pyelonephritis.For patients with severe lesions,percutaneous renal drainage combined with active anti-infection should be given in time.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> <span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Spontaneous perinephric...<strong>Background:</strong> <span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Spontaneous perinephric hematoma with no associated pa</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">thology or provocation is a rare clinical phenomenon. The hematoma requires a two</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">year interval for a favorable hematoma resolution, and no associated hypertension or renal scarring. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong></strong></span><strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aims:</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></strong></b></span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Evidence of the efficacy of conservative management for spontaneous perinephric hematoma with a 2</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">year follow up. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong></strong></span><strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Case Presentation:</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></strong></b></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> A previously healthy 38-year-old woman, presented with a sudden onset of left flank pain, associated with fatigue and pallor. The patient remained hemodynamically stable with no significant history or associated provocations identified. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong></strong></span><strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></strong></b></span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The acute management strategy is favorable in such condition, as the hematoma remains under tam</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ponade in the retroperitoneal space, regardless of the size and organ dis</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">placement. Closed observation, serial blood investigation and repeated CT scans are vital to assist in the decision to intervene.</span></span>展开更多
This research was conducted to generate a primary database on ichthyofauna,distribution and diversities in the upstream and downstream segments of Sittaung River in Bago Region of Myanmar.This study contributes to the...This research was conducted to generate a primary database on ichthyofauna,distribution and diversities in the upstream and downstream segments of Sittaung River in Bago Region of Myanmar.This study contributes to the information needed on the distribution of river fish in Myanmar.Fish diversities are assessed by calculating the various diversities indices between December,2018 and November,2019.A total of 65 fish species belonging to 9 orders,23 families and 49 genera were recorded.All 65 fish species were found in upstream segment but only 60 species of them were found in downstream segment of the river.In all study sites,Shannon diversity index had value above 3 indicating that the structure of habitat was stable and balanced.Simpson’s index values were close to 1 in all sites indicating that the species richness in the region was satisfactory.The abundance all of above 5%of total catch of Mystus vittatus,M.pulcher,M.cavasius and Erethistes pusillus in their feeding habitat suggested that their upstream and downstream habitats provided suitable feeding conditions.Anguilla bengalensis,Tenualosa ilisha,Mystus gulio,Rita rita and Silonia silondia were least abundant all below 0.1%of total catch showing they could be impacted by unwise anthropogenic activities.Assessing fish species diversity is thus very important to conserve and manage and promote the health of river ecosystem that is necessary for the migration of fish species.展开更多
基金the conservation management and soil erosion project funded by the Yangling Vocational&Technical College,grant number:A2019009Jinshi Jian was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sci-ences,under contract number XDA20040202+3 种基金the US Depart-ment of Energy,Office of Science,Biological and Environmental Research as part of the Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences Program,under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830Can Du was supported by the Yangling Vocational&Technical College 2019 Natural Science Research Fund Project,under grant number:A2019048Ryan Stewart was supported by the U.S.Department of Agriculture NRCS Conservation Innovation Grant(No.69-3A75-14-260)the Vir-ginia Agricultural Experiment Station and the Hatch Program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture,U.S.Department of Agriculture.
文摘Conservation management practices e including agroforestry,cover cropping,no-till,reduced tillage,and residue return e have been applied for decades to control surface runoff and soil erosion,yet results have not been integrated and evaluated across cropping systems.In this study we collected data comparing agricultural production with and without conservation management strategies.We used a bootstrap resampling analysis to explore interactions between practice type,soil texture,surface runoff,and soil erosion.We then used a correlation analysis to relate changes in surface runoff and soil erosion to 13 other soil health and agronomic indicators,including soil organic carbon,soil aggregation,infil-tration,porosity,subsurface leaching,and cash crop yield.Across all conservation management practices,surface runoff and erosion had respective mean decreases of 67%and 80%compared with controls.Use of cover cropping provided the largest decreases in erosion and surface runoff,thus emphasizing the importance of maintaining continuous vegetative cover on soils.Coarse-and medium-textured soils had greater decreases in both erosion and runoff than fine-textured soils.Changes in surface runoff and soil erosion under conservation management were highly correlated with soil organic carbon,aggregation,porosity,infiltration,leaching,and yield,showing that conservation practices help drive important in-teractions between these different facets of soil health.This study offers the first large-scale comparison of how different conservation agriculture practices reduce surface runoff and soil erosion,and at the same time provides new insight into how these interactions influence the improvement or loss of soil health。
文摘In the realities of the modern world, when the natural habitat is rapidly disappearing and the number of imperiled plants is constantly growing, ex situ conservation is gaining importance. To meet this challenge, botanic gardens need to revise both their strategic goals and their methodologies to achieve the new goals. This paper proposes a strategy for the management of threatened plants in living collections,which includes setting regional conservation priorities for the species, creation of genetically representative collections for the high priority species, and usage of these collections in in situ actions. In this strategy, the value of existing and future species living collections for conservation is determined by the species' conservation status and how well the accessions represent their natural genetic variation.
基金funded by Dolomiti Bellunesi National Park in the context of European‘Habitat’directive 92/43/CEE monitoringfunding provided by Universitàdegli Studi di Pavia within the CRUI-CARE Agreement。
文摘The sword lily Gladiolus palustris Gaudin is protected on European level and listed in Annexes II and IV of the EC Habitat Directive 92/43/EEC.It grows in nutrient-poor,calcareous meadows in central and eastern Europe.Tree encroachment in montane meadows of the European Alps as a result of recent land use changes and the abandonment of traditional farming practices threaten the survival of this species.Conservation-driven mowing is considered a feasible conservation measure for maintaining high species diversity in abandoned semi-natural grasslands.To assess the effects of tenyears of biennial mowing on a grassland community in the Dolomiti Bellunesi National Park,Italy(Site of Community Importance,Natura 2000 network),ten25 m2 plots were established whereby four plots were placed in the mowed area,four in the non-mowed area and two in a small non-mowed patch of grassland inside the mowed area.In each plot the following variables were recorded,total percentage of plant cover,percentage cover of woody species,percentage cover of herbaceous species,percentage cover and number of flowering ramets of G.palustris and a complete list of species and their percentage abundance.Mowed plots showed a higher species richness than non-mowed plots.The number of G.palustris flowering ramets and percentage cover increased manifold in mowed plots compared to nonmowed plots.The resumption of mowing forconservation purposes undertaken by the managing authority halted the process of tree encroachment and avoided a drastic change in plant composition.Periodic mowing(every second or third year)was demonstrated to be a cost-effective conservation measure in non-productive grasslands to keep grasses at bay in favour of forbs of high conversation value.
文摘In biodiversity management, spatio-temporal heterogeneity is important to consider conserving high levels of habitat diversity and ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the relationship between landscape spatio-temporal heterogeneity and biodiversity in a mosaic-landscape, located in the Fontainebleau forest (France). The diversity of successional stages along a gradient from heathland to forest as well as the persistence of Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull in different forest stands was examined in order to find how the numerous patches of European Heathland habitat embedded in this area should be maintained. The results indicated that in the areas of high spatio-temporal heterogeneity, a general increase is observed in species richness, in particular for vascular plants, bryophytes and carabids. C. vulgaris persisted in coniferous stands and young mixed stand but decreased under deciduous trees and old mixed stands. The Ellenberg’s values for light, nutrients and acidity, show the persistence of favorable enviromental conditions for heathland vegetation under coniferous stands and young mixed stands. These results enable us to offer recommendations to better manage mosaic-landscape biodiversity, and in particular, the heathland semi-natural habitats in the Fontainebleau forest and elsewhere in Europe.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2013B102008)the Open Fund of the Yellow River Committee(Grant No.2011535012)
文摘The modernization of water conservancy project management is a complicated engineering system involving a management system, a management method, management personnel, the exertion of social, economic, and ecological effects, and so on. However, indices for evaluating the modernization of water conservancy project management are usually unobtainable in practical applications. Conducting appropriate extension of the classical rough set theory and then applying it to an incomplete information system are the key to the application of the rough set theory Based on analysis of some extended rough set models in incomplete information systems, a rough set model based on the θ-improved limited tolerance relation is put forward. At the same time, upper approximation and lower approximation are defined under this improved relation. According to the evaluation index system and management practices, the threshold for θ is defined. An example study indicates the practicability and maneuverability of the model.
文摘Background:Conceptual models of forest dynamics are powerful cognitive tools,which are indispensable for communicating ecological ideas and knowledge,and in developing strategic approaches and setting targets for forest conservation,restoration and sustainable management.Forest development through time is conventionally described as a directional,or "linear",and predictable sequence of stages from "bare ground" to old forest representing the "climax-state".However,this simple view is incompatible with the current knowledge and understanding of intrinsic variability of forest dynamics.Hypothesis:Overly simple conceptual models of forest dynamics easily become transformed into biased mental models of how forests naturally develop and what kind of structures they display.To be able to communicate the essential features and diversity of forest dynamics,comprehensive conceptual models are needed.For this end,Kuuluvainen(2009) suggested a relatively simple conceptual model of forest dynamics,which separates three major modes of forest dynamics,and incorporates state changes and transitions between the forest dynamics modes depending on changes in disturbance regime.Conclusions:Conceptual models of forest dynamics should be comprehensive enough to incorporate both longterm directional change and short-term cyclic forest dynamics,as well as transitions from one dynamics mode to another depending on changes in the driving disturbance regime type.Models that capture such essential features of forest dynamics are indispensable for educational purposes,in setting reference conditions and in developing methods in forest conservation,restoration and ecosystem management.
文摘The present study analyzes the information and perception of the local community of Samagaun VDC, Manaslu Conservation Area Project (MCAP) regarding Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soó (Orchidaceae). We assessed the local peoples’ perception on its population status, its availability, factors causing its decline and management practices of this terrestrial orchids. A pre-designed questionnaire was used to gather information targeting the age group between 25 and 60 years (n = 75, 45 male and 30 female). Most of the informants (76%) believe that the abundance of this orchid is declining. Over grazing of domestic animals, over harvesting and lack of awareness among the local community were determined to be the major causes of decline of D. hatagirea in the study area. Protection measures as prescribed by the informants were control grazing, raising awareness among the individuals and sustainable harvestings for the long-term conservation of the species. Systematic management plans that incorporate the participation of local individuals and prioritization of their views will be applicable for the proper conservation of the species.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32071496,32225033)Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA23080500,QYZDB-SSW-SMC047)。
文摘Animals that live in seasonal environments adjust their reproduction cycle to optimize seasonal forage quality.Giant pandas(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)are seasonal altitudinal migrants that feed on bamboo shoots and leaves with different nutritional quality.However,the importance of bamboo shoots to giant pandas,especially small and isolated populations,is not fully appreciated.Here,we explored whether mating time of giant pandas is shaped by bamboo shoot phenology.We also assessed the intensity of ongoing bamboo shoot harvesting by local communities in 42 giant panda reserves based on questionnaire surveys.Varying intensity and protection levels of bamboo shoot harvesting were found.From these data,we developed a priority ranking scheme of protection areas for this key food resource.Our study showed that pandas time their mating behavior to coincide with bamboo shoot phenology due to the high nutritional demands associated with mating and pregnancy.We also found that bamboo shoots were not well protected in many places.Liangshan,Daxiangling,and Xiaoxiangling,containing the most isolated panda populations,were identified as the areas with the most urgent need of protection.Furthermore,equal attention should be paid to the Qiong L-B population,as this region holds considerable potential to serve as a corridor between the Minshan and Qionglai populations.To address the challenges posed by bamboo shoot harvesting,we recommend establishing more practical bamboo shoot management policies,increasing public awareness of bamboo shoot protection,and providing alternative sources of income for local communities.
基金Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(Grant No.2017FY100100)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)Program(Grant No.2019QZKK0502)+2 种基金the Young Academic and Technical Leader Raising Foundation of Yunnan Province(No.2018HB066)Yunnan Innovation Team Program for Conservation and Utilization of PSESP(Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations)(Grant No.2019HC015)Applied Basic Research Project of Yunnan Province(Grant No.2018BB010).
文摘Gene flow between sympatric congeneric plants is thought to be very common and may pose serious threats to endangered species.In the present study,we evaluate the genetic diversity and divergence of three sympatric Rhododendron species in Jiaozi Mountain using newly developed microsatellites through the Illumina MiSeq sequencing approach.Genetic diversity of all three Rhododendron species studied was moderate in comparison to genetic parameters previously reported from species of this genus.Interestingly,genetic structure analysis of the three species identified a possible hybrid origin of the threatened Rh.pubicostatum.This sympatry should be considered a unimodal hybrid zone,since Rh.pubicostatum is predominant here.Unimodal hybrid zones are uncommon in Rhododendron,despite the fact that hybridization frequently occurs in the genus.Issues pertaining to the conservation of Rh.pubicostatum resulting from admixture of genetic material from its parental species are discussed.
文摘The focus of this research lies in community empowerment based on culture and local communities as well as sustainable ecotourism,which is directed at a complicated mechanism of empowerment elements,local culture that is thick in ecotourism to get added value for the novelty of ecotourism research.The object of research is Wasur National Park(WNP),Papua,Indonesia.Qualitative methods have been used to obtain accurate data and information,i.e.,in-depth interviews with indigenous people to find out the benefits or functions of their culture that can be developed in ecotourism,interviews with leaders and staff of WNP and the Department of Culture and Tourism to find out the potential and processes empowerment and existing tourism potential.As a result,from the perspective of empowerment,local people will easily follow the empowerment process provided that they use methods that are culturally appropriate which is from the viewpoints from the culture of sasi,totem and sacred places.The culture adopted by the community is in accordance with the principles of ecotourism that supports sustainability,environmental conservation,protection of environmental resources and increases economic value.However,it is recommended to carry out modified socialization in accordance with the current conditions.Hence,tourists who visit WNP do not become afraid of the very rigid sanctions which are applied to them who violate the existing cultural and environmental customs.Moreover,to get added economic value in the tourism business within WNP,it is necessary to explore the potential of cultural wealth,natural and biological wealth so that it becomes the main attraction in carrying out the economic empowerment of local communities in the field of ecotourism.
文摘The approach to favorable risk prostate cancer known as“active surveillance”was first described explicitly in 2002.This was a report of 250 patients managed with a strategy of expectant management,with serial prostate-specific antigen and periodic biopsy,and radical intervention advised for patients who were re-classified as higher risk.This was initiated as a prospective clinical trial,complete with informed consent,beginning in 2007.Thus,there are now 20 years of experience with this approach,which has become widely adopted around the world.In this chapter,we will summarize the biological basis for active surveillance,review the experience to date of the Toronto and Hopkins groups which have reported 15-year outcomes,describe the current approach to active surveillance in patients with Gleason score 3þ3 or selected patients with Gleason score 3þ4 with a low percentage of Gleason pattern 4 who may also be candidates,enhanced by the use of magnetic resonance imaging,and forecast future directions.
基金This study was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFD0901405)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41906073)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(19ZR1423000)the Shanghai Universities First-Class Disciplines Project(Fisheries A).
文摘Sea level rise,amplified by anthropogenic climate change,causes visible impacts on wildlife habitats in low-lying coastal areas.However,the potential consequences of sea level height(SLH)changes for pelagic fish habitats in the open oceans are poorly understood,especially for climate-sensitive Ommastrephid squid.In this study,the impacts of SLH changes were estimated under three different SLH change scenarios(5 cm,20 cm,and 35 cm)for the western stock of winter-spring neon flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii,an ecologically-and commercially-important species in the northwest Pacific Ocean(NWPO).A habitat suitability index(HSI)modeling approach was applied to predict the habitat suitability of O.bartramii,using data from 2006 to 2014 for model construction and data from 2015 for model validation.Results showed that the decreasing catch-per-unit-effort(CPUE)of O.bartramii from 2006 to 2015 was highly correlated with the increases in sea level height(SLH).Significant positive relationships were found between the HSI values for latitudinal centers of gravity(LATGHSI)and SLH.The monthly-averaged HSI of O.bartramii was negatively correlated with the SLH,except in July and November.SLH scenarios revealed that the predicted suitable habitat(areas with HSI≥0.6)exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing SLH from August to October.In July and November,the suitable habitat initially increased in the+5 cm and+20 cm scenarios,but largely declined under the+35 cm scenario.The poor habitat(areas with HSI≤0.2)significantly increased under all SLH scenarios.A poleward shift of LATGHSI was observed under all scenarios.These findings suggest that the O.bartramii habitats in the NWPO are at risk to SLH changes and have important implications for better conservation and fishery management regarding pelagic short-lived Ommastrephid squid in global oceans.
基金This study was both funded by a research project of the Turkish National Academy of Sciences(TUBA)under the“TÜBA-The Young Scientists Award Programme(GEBİP)”.
文摘The aims of this study were to provide a complete inventory of wetlands in Turkey including their past status(1910-1930)in comparison to the present time(2014).The types of wetlands and their area sizes were determined by using cartographical maps of 1/200,000 in scale made between 1910s and 1920s vs.2006 CORINE Land Cover data,which were updated with Landsat 8 satellite images in 2014.The effect of possible climate change on wetlands sizes various local,national and regional rainfall datasets were analysed by correlation and regression analysis.A hundred years ago,the total number of natural wetlands was 1299 with a total surface area of 1,376,505 hectares.In 2014,the total number of natural wetlands had decreased to 900,with a total surface area of 1,085,936 hectares,so that 21.2%of the original wetlands were lost(291,339 hectares).The observed changes in the number of wetlands and their relative sizes cannot be attributed directly to changes in climate.Wetland drainage was largely responsible for observed wetland losses,but local changes in precipitation regimes partially contributed to this loss.Urgent conservation and restoration of wetlands are recommended to avoid further loss of wetlands in Turkey.
文摘Cervical pregnancy is a rare clinical entity that accounts for less than 1% of all ectopic pregnancies. It results from implantation of the blastocyst in the cervical canal below the level of the internal os. Although non-tubal ectopic pregnancies account for only 5%<span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span>of ectopics, they contribute to a significant morbidity. The cornerstone in the management of cervical ectopic is early diagnosis by high index of suspension and a qualified sonographer. Management options for cervical ectopic pregnancies range from conservative drug treatment to radical hysterectomy. Over the last few years, the mortality and morbidity rates of ectopic pregnancies have been reduced. This is mainly due to the early recognition of the condition and the wide availability of minimally invasive surgical procedures. We present a case of a 33-year-old</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span>woman that was 16 weeks pregnant. She presented initially with recurrent vaginal bleeding followed by minimal lower abdominal pain. Her early US scans were</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span>misleading. Several weeks later,</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span>a follow up MRI scan suggested cervical ectopic. She was managed surgically with uterine preservation.</span></span></span>
文摘After habitat loss,drastic effects of biological invasion caused by alien invasive species to the native biodiversity have been acknowledged worldwide by the agriculturists,ecologists,and governments as it is more overwhelming than pollution,harvest and disease combined.One such example of biological invasion is P.hysterophorus which is considered to be one of the topmost noxious weeds threatening ecosystems diversity in the world,particularly in Pakistan due to its invasive success and generalist nature.Yet no studies have explored the pattern and determinants of plant biodiversity in the Parthenium dominated landscapes.Here we explored the current distribution pattern of this species with relation to environmental variables in the Malakand division of northern Pakistan.Twenty-three sites dominated by P.hysterophorus were identified through a participatory mapping process combined with traditional ecological knowledge and quantitative inventories were made.In total,we found 62 plant species in 55 genera and 32 families,predominately from Asteraceae,Poaceae,and Solanaceae.Ward’s agglomerative clustering procedure showed three well-differentiated,and ecologically meaningful but overlapping vegetation communities.P.hysterophorus was found to be the leading species with an average Importance value ranging from 33.28%to 65.59%.Based on our criteria,surprisingly we found significantly less to be fully(30%)or partially invaded(21%)than the less invaded(47%)plots,indicating the gradual invasive success of the species across the landscape.Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA-ordination)has explained 36.9%of the cumulative variance by the first three axes and identified elevation(r=-0.526),slope(r=0.438)and percent sand(r=-0.474)to be the major environmental factors affecting the distribution of P.hysterophorus and associated vegetation.These results suggested that elevation and percent sand negatively affect Parthenium distribution whereas slope has a positive relationship thereby promoting its populations in the region.The generalist nature of this invasive species is likely to have an overall adverse negative effect on the ecosystem functioning and cannot be ignored.Therefore,quick actions should be taken for the management of this noxious weed to avoid economic consequences and potential threats to fragile ecosystems such as that in Malakand division.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81874027.
文摘BACKGROUND Postoperative chylothorax is usually regarded as a complication associated with cardiothoracic surgery;however,it is one of the rare complications in orthopedic surgery.This case report describes a female patient who developed chylothorax after a successful L4-S1 transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion surgery.The etiology,diagnosis,and treatment were analyzed and discussed.CASE SUMMARY A 50-year-old woman was admitted with repeated back and leg pain.She was diagnosed with L4 degenerative spondylolisthesis,L4/L5 and L5/S1 intervertebral disc herniation and L5 instability,and underwent successful posterior L4-S1 instrumentation and fusion surgery.Unfortunately,thoracic effusion was identified 2 d after operation.The thoracic effusion was finally confirmed to be chylous based on twice positive chyle qualitative tests.The patient was discharged after 12-d persisting drainage,3-d total parenteral nutrition and fasting,and other supportive treatments.No recurring symptoms were observed within 12 mo follow-up.CONCLUSION Differential diagnosis is crucial for unusual thoracic effusion.Comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of chylothorax are necessary.Thorough intraoperative protection to relieve high thoracic pressure caused by the prone position is important.
文摘Rationale:Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a life-threatening infectious disease that requires early diagnosis and treatment.The disease is often misdiagnosed due to its diversity of clinical manifestations.Patient’s concern:A 62-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency department following a 12-hour history of abdominal pain and dyspnea.Physical examination showed percussion pain on the right costovertebral angle.Besides,she had a history of diabetes mellitus and urinary calculus.Diagnosis:Emphysematous pyelonephritis.Intervention:The patient accepted antishock therapy,tight glucose control,and broad-spectrum anti-infective therapy.After stabilization of the general condition,an ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrostomy was performed.Outcome:Her conditions became stable over the following days.She presented a favorable clinical course,with normalization of renal function and positive improvements in imaging findings in a month.Lessons:Early diagnosis and rapid medical management are the keys to successful treatment.CT is an important method for the diagnosis of emphysematous pyelonephritis.For patients with severe lesions,percutaneous renal drainage combined with active anti-infection should be given in time.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> <span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Spontaneous perinephric hematoma with no associated pa</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">thology or provocation is a rare clinical phenomenon. The hematoma requires a two</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">year interval for a favorable hematoma resolution, and no associated hypertension or renal scarring. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong></strong></span><strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aims:</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></strong></b></span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Evidence of the efficacy of conservative management for spontaneous perinephric hematoma with a 2</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">year follow up. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong></strong></span><strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Case Presentation:</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></strong></b></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> A previously healthy 38-year-old woman, presented with a sudden onset of left flank pain, associated with fatigue and pallor. The patient remained hemodynamically stable with no significant history or associated provocations identified. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong></strong></span><strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></strong></b></span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The acute management strategy is favorable in such condition, as the hematoma remains under tam</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ponade in the retroperitoneal space, regardless of the size and organ dis</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">placement. Closed observation, serial blood investigation and repeated CT scans are vital to assist in the decision to intervene.</span></span>
文摘This research was conducted to generate a primary database on ichthyofauna,distribution and diversities in the upstream and downstream segments of Sittaung River in Bago Region of Myanmar.This study contributes to the information needed on the distribution of river fish in Myanmar.Fish diversities are assessed by calculating the various diversities indices between December,2018 and November,2019.A total of 65 fish species belonging to 9 orders,23 families and 49 genera were recorded.All 65 fish species were found in upstream segment but only 60 species of them were found in downstream segment of the river.In all study sites,Shannon diversity index had value above 3 indicating that the structure of habitat was stable and balanced.Simpson’s index values were close to 1 in all sites indicating that the species richness in the region was satisfactory.The abundance all of above 5%of total catch of Mystus vittatus,M.pulcher,M.cavasius and Erethistes pusillus in their feeding habitat suggested that their upstream and downstream habitats provided suitable feeding conditions.Anguilla bengalensis,Tenualosa ilisha,Mystus gulio,Rita rita and Silonia silondia were least abundant all below 0.1%of total catch showing they could be impacted by unwise anthropogenic activities.Assessing fish species diversity is thus very important to conserve and manage and promote the health of river ecosystem that is necessary for the migration of fish species.