Considerations for Restriction on the Right of Rescission in Case of Obviously Minor Breaches

Whether,and how,to rescind the right of one party(the non-breaching party)to rescind a contract in case of an obviously minor breach by the other party(the breaching party)is a recurring topic in the field of contract law.The Minutes of the Ninth Work Conference of the Courts Nationwide on Civil and Commercial Trial(the Minutes of the Ninth Work Conference)stipulates that whether a contract shall be rescinded depends on whether a breach is obviously minor and affects the fulfillment of the contract purposes expected by the non-breaching party.In juridical practice,however,there are no clear criteria to define what constitutes obviously minor breaches,and the factors considered in such cases are often inadequate to allow for a fully considered decision.By analyzing Article 55 of the Judicial Interpretation of the General Provisions of Contracts of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China(Draft for Comments)and reviewing the previous juridical practices,we present our conclusions regarding the conditions and factors that should be considered when restricting the right of rescission in cases of obviously minor breaches with a view to unifying the judicial judgment criteria by differentiating the type of breaches.

Validity Considerations in Designing an Oral English Test

Speaking is the main purpose and most important skill for second language learning.This paper reviews the important validity considerations in designing a test,such as face validity,content validity,on the basis of which the author analyzes the oral test paper for the postgraduate entrance interview in Shaanxi University of Technology,thus putting forward some methods to improve the test paper.

Strategic Considerations on Development of WiMAX and Its Relationship with 3G and 4G

The paper states the characteristics and basic market positioning of WiMAX. It should be noted that WiMax is a new generation WMAN (Wideband MAN) broadband wireless access standard with good forward extensibility. It is emphasized that the basic market positioning of WiMAX should be nothing but WMAN applications. It is predicted that the applications of WiMax would face severe challenges mainly due to its high cost, at least at the initial stage. Finally the paper gives all-around analysis on the relationship between Wi-Fi, WiMAX, WBMA, 3G, 3G+ and 4G.

Neuroprotection and recovery from early-life adversity: considerations for environmental enrichment

In the laboratory,environmental enrichment（EE）is used as a protocol to understand the functional,behavioral and molecular mechanisms that underlie neural plasticity（van Praag et al.,2000;Sale et al.,2014）.In addition,it is utilized to provide supplementary resources to animals in order to maintain their well-being and to preserve the scientific validity of the study at hand（see http：//www.nap.edu/catalog/12910/guide-for-thecare-and-use-of-laboratory-animals-eighth）.

Mobility of Various Intervariant Interfaces in 18R Martensitein a Cu-Zn-Al AlloyPart Ⅱ: Some Theoretical Considerations

Detailed crystallographic analysis has been undertaken on the various combinations Of 24 martensite variants in the 18R martensite of a Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloy. Based upon the calculated crystallographic data, the interface energy of different twin interfaces was calculated using a lowangle-grain-interface model. For the variant/variant pairs in a self-accommodating group. the A/C type and A/B type interfaces have low interface energy, and A/D type interface is an intermediate one. In contrast, the intervariant interfaces that belong to different plate groups have high intrface energy. The calculated results are consiStent with the previous observations of the mobility of intervariant interfaces.

Shine bright: considerations on the use of fluorescent substrates in living monoaminergic neurons in vitro

The biogenic monoamines dopamine （DA）, norepinephrine （NE） and serotonin （5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT） are major neuromodulators in the mammalian central nervous system （CNS）. DA containing neurons are found in i） the mesolimbic system in which cell bodies in the ventral tegmental area （VTA） project axons into the amygdala, cortex, hippocampus and the nucleus accumbens; and ii） the nigrostriatal system in which cell bodies located in the substantia nigra pars compacta send their axons into the dorsolateral parts of the striatum （Bjorklund and Dunnett, 2007）. The central noradrenergic neurons are concentrated in distinct brainstem nuclei with the locus coeruleus （LC） being the most prominent nucleus which projects a diffusely arborizing axonal network to most areas of the CNS （Szabadi, 2013）.

Perioperative considerations in patients with non small cell lung cancer and metastases in mediastinal lymph nodes

Since the latest revision of the TNM system reclassified T3N0 tumours into the ⅡB stage, N2 lesions became the major determinant of the ⅢA stage. Concerning the minority of patients with T3N1 tumours in this stage,

Analytical characteristics of a qPCR-based molecular diagnostic assay-conceptual considerations for laboratory personnel

Dear Editor：Quantitative real-time PCR has revolutionized molecular diagnostics with its ease of use,increased sensitivity and specificity and low turnaround time.PCR/quantitative PCR（qPCR）-based assays offer a distinct advantage over other serological/conventional diagnostic approaches.The ability to diagnose infectious diseases has benefited from the availability of US FDA approved and Conformite Europeenne（CE）-marked qPCR-based in-vitro diagnostic kits from international companies.The high-quality kits are calibrated with the World Health Organization（WHO）reference standards and the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control（NIBSC）standards.

Study on Low Hilly Cities Land Suitability Evaluation Method Based on Ecological Considerations—A Case Study of Longfeng New Town in Sichuan

Attention to the development of low hilly cities increases, in order to guide their development towards efficient and ecological land use. This paper takes eco-safety into consideration in the future layout of land for construction, and incorporates ecological security factors into traditional methods of land suitability evaluation based on topographic conditions. Taking the Longfeng New Town in Suining City as an example, the GIS platform is used to superimpose various evaluation factors. The evaluation index system is determined using the combination of the Delphi Technique and AHP. The result of correcting traditional land suitability evaluation is obtained, which provides decision support for improving the scientificity of land use planning and layout.

Critical Considerations in the Immunochemical Detection and Quantitation of Antigenic Biomarkers

The formation of covalent adducts as a result of the interaction of metabolically activated chemicals with host macromolecules is a common critical event in mutagenic, carcinogenic, and immunologic phenomena. Because of their antigenicity and their immunogenicity, covalent adducts may be detected using sensitive immunochemical techniques. The immunochemical approaches to biomonitoring and molecular dosimetry of DNA damage are particularly attractive because they allow sensitive quantitation of specific DNA adducts present in small samples and do not rely on the use of radiolabeled adducts. Two examples of biomarker immunoassay development are presented: an avidin/biotin-amplified ELISA for the major DNA adduct of the human bladder carcinogen 4-aminobiphenyl (ABP), and a particle concentration fluorescent immunoassay (PCFIA) for the major protein adduct associated with toxicity by the prototype hepatotoxin acetaminophen. The examples illustrate critical steps in the development of biomarker immunoassays which include selection of the relevant adduct, preparation of an appropriate immunogen, immunization, characterization of antisera, and development of application-specific sample processing techniques for biomarker quantitation. Immunochemical procedures may be combined with other analytical techniques to form hybrid systems which take advantage of both the antigenicity and the physical or chemical properties of a biomarker to achieve greater specificity and/or sensitivity. The future usefulness of these new tools of molecular epidemiology will depend on a compound-by-compound validation of methods and critical evaluation of the biologic importance of the particular antigenic biomarker as an indicator of exposure and as an indicator of risk.

An Adjusted Model for Simple 1,2-Dyotropic Reactions. <i>Ab Initio</i>MO and VB Considerations

With an adjusted model, we reconsider simple 1,2-dyotropic reactions with the introduction of a concept based on the intramolecular dynamics of a tetrahedron (van ’t Hoff modeling). In fact the dyotropic reactions are strongly related to conversions originated from neighbouring group participation or anchimeric assistance, defined as the interaction of a center with a lone pair of electrons in an atom and the electrons present in aδor π bond. The researchful 1,2-dyotropic reactions, based on the 1,2-interchange of halogens, methyl and hydrogen taking place in a concerted fashion, are in competition with the two-step reaction in which the neighbouring group participation or anchimeric assistance comes to full expression by ionic dissociation of the other exchangeable (halogen) atom. As to be expected there is an essential difference between halogen or methyl exchange regarding the number of electrons participating in the transition state. This aspect becomes evident in the geometries of the corresponding transition state geometries. In this paper we refer to ab initio MO calculations and VB considerations. We consider the 1,2-halogen exchange as a combination of two SN2 reactions each containing four electrons. The van ’t Hoff dynamics appears a useful model in order to illustrate the computations in a straightforward manner.

Neurosarcoidosis: An Illustrative Case and Review of Perioperative Considerations

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. Neurosarcoidosis (NS) is a rare but potentially devastating manifestation of sarcoidosis, with a prevalence of approximately 5% in patients with systemic sarcoidosis. Due to the possible involvement of any part of the nervous system, a myriad of neurological manifestations can occur. Clinical features resulting from involvement of the hypothalmo-pituitary axis and cranial nerves, in particular, cranial nerve VII are the more common presentations of this condition. Medical therapy with corticosteroids is the mainstay of treatment and providing tissue for diagnosis remains the principal indication for surgery. Therapeutically, neurosurgery is indicated only for life-threatening complications. We describe the clinical case of a patient with fatally progressive NS who had multiple anesthetic exposures. This case highlights the perioperative considerations of NS and its anesthetic implications.

Considerations on Novel Network Routing Mechanism

Routing is the cornerstone of network architecture, and a new routing mechanism is a requisite for constructing new network architecture. The current routing mechanism of the Internet layer is basically the single next-hop routing mechanism, which is the root of transmission congestion in the network. To solve this congestion problem, a fundamental measure is to change the route selection mode of current routing mechanism to allow parallel transmission over multiple routes. Currently, Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the only inter-domain routing protocol used in the Internet, but the routing system using BGP suffers scalability problem. To solve the scalability issue of the current inter-domain routing system, a new hierarchical routing system, i.e. Scalable Inter-Domain Routing Architecture (s-idra), is suggested. In addition to scalability, the current routing system is facing other challenges including security, Quality of Service (QoS), multicasting, mobility and dynamic network topology. Therefore, the research on routing protocols, especially the protocol for the new network architecture, is still a tough task and has a long way to go.

Security Considerations on Three-Factor Anonymous Authentication Scheme for WSNs

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are used to monitor various environmental conditions including movement, pollution level, temperature, humidity, and etc. Secure authentication is very important for the success of WSNs. Li et al. proposed a three-factor anonymous authentication scheme in WSNs over Internet of things (IoT). They argued that their authentication scheme achieves more security and functional features, which are required for WSNs over IoT. Especially, they insisted that their user authentication scheme provides security against sensor node impersonation attack, and resists session-specific temporary information attack and various other attacks. However, this paper shows some security weaknesses in Li et al.’s scheme, especially focused on sensor node masquerading attack, known session-specific temporary information attack and deficiency of perfect forward secrecy. Especially, security considerations are very important to the modern IoT based applications. Thereby, the result of this paper could be very helpful for the IoT security researches.

Quality Considerations of Traditional Medicines

Thank you very much for inviting me to this event.It is a good discussion among different fields from Europe,Australian and China on the issue of herbal medicines.For a lot of issues have been discussed by experts and today is the 2nd day of this symposium,there is a little disadvantage for me to give this speech.So I will try to reduce what have been said as far as possible and try to provide different ideas and perspectives.

Power Market Development with Considerations of Characteristics of China Power Sector

The current world trend of electric power industry reform is to establish electric power market and introduce competition mechanism. China is no exception. This paper reviewed the recent industry reform of China’s electric power sector and elaborated the necessity of establishing electric power markets first. Then it discussed the electric power market models in China. Certain important problems and observations relevant to the electric power market design were further pointed out, based on the practice experiences in Sichuan Province.

Considerations on the Research of and Counter-measures Against Biotic Invasion

This article gives a brief introduction to the damage brought about by biotic invasion and its causes, and analyzes its impact on national development, ecological safety and the production of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry. In addition, it expounds the necessity, urgency and cardinal significance in promoting related scientific research in this country. The authors stress that research work should be concentrated on the ecological effects of non-indigenous species in the light of the national demands, world research frontiers and high-tech application. That involves the process of an invasive organism's immigration and propagation, short-term evolution, latent buildup, ecological adaptation, competition and outbreak as well as the process in which the new ecosystem's original structure and functions unfold their role of rejection and assimilation.

SOME CONSIDERATIONS ON BASIC RESEARCH

In a 1997 directive, Chinese President Jiang Zemin instructed us: Basic research is very important. The advances of modem civilization have proven that every breakthrough in basic research means an uplift in man’s ability to remould the objective world and gives rise to a tremendous and inestima- ble driving push to S&T innovation, hi-tech industrialization and socio-economic progress. In his keynote report at the CPC’ s 15th National Congress, once again he stressed that "Science and technology are the primary production force and S&T progress is the decisive factor for the economic development." In his report on behalf of the national government at the fifth session of the 8th NPC,