The Model of Poverty Alleviation and Income Growth by Developing Plateau-characterized Agriculture and Its Achievements Analysis in Yunnan Province——a Case Study in Midu County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture

The policy of taking the targeted poverty alleviation measures has been the mission of the age in propelling the 13th Five-year Plan and building moderately prosperous society. A good poverty alleviation model is of significance for the goal. The research introduced a poverty-stricken county-Midu County, Dali Bai Au- tonomous Prefecture, analyzed the basic approaches and the main achievements of ＂the model of poverty alleviation and income growth by developing plateau-charac- terized agriculture＂, and proposed some suggestions to promoting and applying this model. The research provides references for plateau-characterized agricultural devel- opment and targeted poverty alleviation strategy.

Exploration of Development Status and Trend of Three Elements of Rural Areas in the New Era to Protect Achievements in Poverty Alleviation

The three rural issues of agriculture, rural areas, and farmers are important strategic issues in China’s development, are an important foundation for the agricultural country to realize the modernization of agriculture and rural areas and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Under the new situation of great victory in poverty alleviation, it is necessary to protect the fruits of victory and strengthen the construction of new countryside in the new era. From the current development situations of agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, this paper explored the development trend of three elements, to provide a feasible path for protecting the achievements in poverty alleviation, and provide certain ideas for workers engaged in agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.

Discussions on the Land Consolidation to Promote Development-oriented Poverty Alleviation in Binchuan County of Yunnan Province

Land consolidation is an important way to improve the conditions of agricultural production and promote poverty alleviation and development in poor areas. This paper attempts to take Binchuan County of Yunnan Province as an example to explore the main practices,typical experiences and achievements of land consolidation in promoting poverty alleviation and development,so as to provide evidence for further development of relevant policies. It is found that in recent years,through the construction of rural production and living facilities,increase of employment for farmers in poor areas,promotion of the development of special industrial area and other measures,Binchuan County has effectively used the land consolidation platform,and has made outstanding achievements in poverty alleviation and development,so as to improve agricultural production conditions,improve the level of agricultural production,increase farmers' income,speed up the pace of poverty reduction,strengthen ecological protection and promote the sustainable development of economy and society. However,there are still some problems in the land consolidation,which need to be paid attention to and solved in the struggle against poverty.

Poverty Alleviation through Employment Promotion in Extreme Poverty-stricken Areas in Western China: A Case Study of Targeted Poverty Alleviation through Employment Promotion in Awang Town,Dongchuan District

Poverty alleviation through employment promotion is to promote the poor households to get rid of poverty through promoting employment to increase income. It is the most effective and direct way out of poverty. Dongchuan District, located in the alpine valley area of northeastern Yunnan, is a typical extreme poverty-stricken county in China. Under its jurisdiction, Awang Town is a mountainous township with a wide area of poverty and an extreme poverty. The incidence of poverty in 2015 reached 35.39%. In recent years, through the implementation of various policies to combat poverty, combined with the advantages as a traditional "hometown of migrant labor", focusing on employment- promoting poverty alleviation work, Awang Town has made certain achievements in poverty alleviation work. By the end of 2018, the poverty rate in the town fell to 0.57%, marking a major victory in the town s fight against poverty. Through field investigations, this article summarizes the main practices of Awang Town to carry out employment-promoting targeted poverty alleviation, analyzes the poverty alleviation achievements and successful experience of the town s employment-promoting targeted poverty alleviation work and discusses the promotion and application of this model so as to provide reference Yunnan Province and other poverty-stricken areas to carry out employment-promoting poverty alleviation.

Multi-level Cooperation and Complementary Advantage Poverty Alleviation Model in Poverty-Stricken Counties of Tibetan Areas:A Case Study of Songpan County in Sichuan Province

Songpan County is a poverty-stricken county in Tibetan areas of Sichuan Province,it belongs to a concentrated poverty-stricken area in China.Through summarizing the specific conditions of multi-level cooperation and complementary advantage poverty alleviation model in Songpan County,this paper analyzed the effect of this model.Through the analysis on the cooperative poverty alleviation model(eastern-western cooperation,provincial targeted assistance,county-wide"four-leading and four-assistance"inner-party assistance,social force"10000 enterprises helping 10000 villages",and"visiting every household and keeping every person busy"),it summarized the implementation and actual results of each level.In addition,it summarized the problems encountered in the implementation process of multi-level cooperation and complementary advantage poverty alleviation model and came up with recommendations.With the aid of this successful multi-level cooperation and complementary advantage poverty alleviation model,Songpan County has achieved a decisive victory in the fight against poverty.At the end of April 2019,the poverty rate in the whole region fell to 0.45%,and it successfully took off the poverty hat.This paper analyzed and refined the specific practice,main achievements,successful experience,implications and reference significance of multi-level cooperation and complementary advantage poverty alleviation model,to provide necessary references for innovation of poverty alleviation model in poverty-stricken Tibetan areas,or even other similar provinces and regions.

Remarkable Achievements in Poverty Alleviation in Northwest China

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巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果与乡村振兴有效衔接的金融服务机制研究

巩固脱贫攻坚成果,推进乡村振兴战略的实施离不开现代金融运行机制。构建综合评价指标体系,选取2011—2020年中国30个省级面板数据,采用熵权法分别测度金融发展水平、脱贫攻坚成果及乡村振兴发展水平,运用耦合协调度模型分析巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果与乡村振兴的衔接效果,采用SDM模型检验金融促进脱贫攻坚成果与乡村振兴有效衔接的溢出效应。结果表明:巩固拓展脱贫成果与乡村振兴的衔接效应正逐渐增强,且东部地区的衔接效应强于中部和西部地区;金融服务有效衔接存在积极的促进作用和显著的空间溢出效应,中、西部地区溢出效应大于东部地区;长期溢出效应大于短期直接效应,证实金融服务乡村振兴存在良好的示范与推广机制。

边境牧区巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接的逻辑与路径

实现边境牧区巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接,要明确二者共为抓手、互为支撑的逻辑关系。研究结合边境牧区的地区实际和发展定位,构建“衔接理念—衔接对象—衔接内容”的逻辑框架:在衔接理念上,从多元主体外部帮扶转化为激发牧民自身动力;在衔接对象上,从易返贫重点人口扩展至各族牧民群众;在衔接内容上,从巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果的短期机制,过渡为乡村振兴的“二十字方针”。基于这一逻辑框架,将衔接理念转化和衔接对象扩展贯穿于衔接内容中,提出拓展牧区特色全产业链、建立环境整治网格化“一中心”、建立牧民积分制、深化“三务融合”模式、发展牧区集体经济等路径。

基于县域乡村振兴视角的甘青川藏族聚居县返贫风险研究

文章旨在对甘青川藏族聚居县的返贫风险进行研究。样本数据和资料源于对甘青川藏族聚居县精准扶贫及脱贫工作的田野调查。通过调研甘青川三省藏族聚居县的脱贫攻坚工作,从中总结出一些具有地方特色的精准扶贫模式,如迭部县“特色产业模式”、泽库县“拉格日模式”、若尔盖县“跨地域协作模式”,发现在实践层面,甘青川藏族聚居县存在扶贫项目的立项随意性的问题、部分脱贫技能培训脱离实际的问题、易地搬迁扶贫模式带来的问题。文章通过返贫风险分析,针对巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果与乡村振兴有效衔接的实现路径提出相关意见建议。

渝东南民族地区乡村旅游巩固脱贫攻坚成果的影响因素研究

中国已全面建成小康社会,进入巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果的新阶段。基于修正的可持续旅游生计理论,以渝东南民族地区为例,定量测度乡村旅游巩固脱贫攻坚成果的成效,运用结构方程模型分析乡村旅游巩固脱贫攻坚成果的影响因素。结果表明:①经济、文化、社会、环境4个层面在巩固脱贫攻坚成果的步调一致,但是没有形成良好的互动机制,属于勉强协调发展的水平,制约了4个系统间的协调发展;②渝东南民族地区乡村旅游巩固脱贫攻坚成果的影响因素重要性从大到小依次为经济资本、人力资本、自然资本、制度资本、社会资本,均具有显著正向影响。针对以上结论,为巩固脱贫攻坚成果,本文从优化经济与人力资本、完善制度与自然资本、强化文化和社会认同3个方面提出对策建议。

“社区送工”:易地搬迁弱劳动力就业扶持的实践创新 ——以广西A县Z城镇化安置社区为例

就业是巩固拓展易地搬迁脱贫攻坚成果的关键。易地搬迁弱劳动力长期从事农业,年龄偏大、文化水平低、缺少务工技能,无法适应城镇非农就业。为此,把农业就业作为化解城镇化安置的易地搬迁弱劳动力就业困境的突破口,论述易地搬迁弱劳动力农业就业的现实基础。基于广西A县Z城镇化安置社区案例,提出并阐述“社区送工”易地搬迁弱劳动力农业就业的运行逻辑和实践成效。具体而言,地方政府引领农业园区化发展,安置社区向农业园区组织化输送易地搬迁弱劳动力,易地搬迁弱劳动力在农业就业中建立稳固的利益联结。“社区送工”基于市场供求关系把易地搬迁弱劳动力与乡村产业振兴的劳动力需求有效衔接,既能持续巩固易地搬迁脱贫攻坚成果,也创新出“劳动力下乡”的城乡融合发展方式。

巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果的政治逻辑与制度路径

脱贫攻坚战取得了一系列制度创新成果,走出了一条中国特色减贫道路。在后脱贫攻坚时代,贫困治理的重要内容之一就是以“制度”为着力点,实现脱贫攻坚成果的巩固与拓展,以增强脱贫的稳定性和可持续性。从政治维度来看,巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果不仅具有直接的减贫意义,而且具备长远的政治意蕴;不仅要扎实有效实现防止返贫、促进共同富裕的目标,更要建立健全可持续发展的制度化路径,这是巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果更深层次问题所在,需深刻挖掘其背后的政治逻辑。巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果与实现共同富裕的社会主义本质要求、发展社会主义民主政治、推进国家治理现代化等一系列基础性制度安排之间存在内在关联,在价值凝聚、资源配置、关系协调、社会整合、组织提升、制度创新等方面具有特殊的政治功能,并呈现特定的制度势能。当然,面对诸多现实挑战,需具备有效的政治机制保障,通过构建“责任机制—政策机制—治理机制”的制度化实现路径,为巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果的实践提供行动框架。进一步看,贫困治理是国家治理的重要层面,巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果的实践经验对国家治理具有普遍性借鉴意义,能够为我国制度创新提供一般性启发,成为推进国家治理现代化的生动典范。

巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果与乡村振兴有效衔接的时空演进

文章基于2010—2020年中国省级面板数据,采用耦合协调度模型、空间Markov链模型,研究脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴衔接程度、时空分布格局、空间动态演进机制及驱动因素。研究结果表明:就脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴的衔接程度而言,大部分省份处于高度与极度协调状态,其中“乡村振兴滞后型”占大多数。衔接程度的动态演进在时序上呈现稳步向上发展趋势,较难实现跨越式转移,处于高度协调阶段的省份存在“俱乐部趋同”现象;空间上中西部地区省份多呈现向上转移趋势,部分省份保持“俱乐部趋同”,同时邻域环境对于有效衔接具有重要的作用,衔接程度高的省份对周围省份会产生正向溢出效应,呈现“高高”集聚的“俱乐部收敛”现象。脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴的衔接驱动机制具有多样性,其中政府驱动与产业驱动具有负效应,收入驱动与市场驱动总体呈现正效应。

乡村振兴背景下增强原深度贫困地区内生发展动力:理论内涵与实现路径

实现后发地区和低收入人群的内生发展是世界贫困治理领域的前沿课题,也是中国脱贫地区面临的现实问题。以“三区三州”为代表的原深度贫困地区基础条件弱、返贫困风险高、政策依赖性强,有效实现其内生发展不仅直接关系到脱贫攻坚成果巩固和与乡村振兴的有效衔接,更是涉及全面建成社会主义现代化强国的重大议题。将习近平关于巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果的重要论述和原深度贫困地区的实际结合起来看,内生发展的实现在“硬件”方面重在优化基础设施和提升产业帮扶的效率;在“软件”方面,需要长期坚持教育帮扶,依靠人的素质的提升增强内生发展动力;而在监督管理层面,应当优化区域发展评价体系,加强乡村经济社会统计核算,落实区域性内生发展的动态评估和检测。

乡村旅游政策推动贫困地区发展——基于“全国旅游扶贫示范项目”的准自然实验

乡村旅游是贫困地区脱贫致富的重要手段,研究旅游扶贫相关政策对贫困地区脱贫的影响效应具有深刻意义。文章以“全国旅游扶贫示范项目”为对象,从要素流动视角出发,提出了乡村旅游推动贫困地区发展的3条影响机制;随后利用2010-2020年我国832个国家级贫困县数据进行了实证检验。研究结果表明:(1)乡村旅游确实推动了我国贫困地区的发展,且该效应在时空上还具备可持续性和空间溢出性;(2)乡村人口就业人数的上升、数字基础设施的建设以及县域生态环境的改善是乡村旅游影响过程中的机制;(3)相比东部地区,乡村旅游对中西部地区的影响更显著;(4)不同类型政策在影响效应的时空性质和影响机制的选择上均存在异质性。此研究为实现“巩固和拓展脱贫攻坚成果”的目标提供了思路。

巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果与乡村文化振兴的三维审视

巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果与乡村文化振兴相衔接,需要从背景、困境和路径三个维度进行考量。从背景之维来看,乡村文化振兴为巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果,实现乡村全面振兴凝聚智慧。从困境之维分析,乡村文化建设存在着文化产业发展劲头不足,文化基础设施不完善,村民文化素养有待提高等问题。从路径之维洞察,必须促进文化产业发展,加大乡村文化基础设施投入,开展人才储备工作,聚焦乡风文明建设,真正实现巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果与乡村文化振兴的良性互动。

培育乡村工匠助推乡村振兴:价值、问题与路径

乡村工匠作为特殊的技能型劳动者,是乡村物质文化的守护者,乡村非物质文化的传承者,区域特色产业的生产者,农村新产业的支持者,农业农村产品竞争力的提供者,对巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接、全面推进乡村振兴具有独特价值。当前,乡村工匠队伍不够大、水平不够高、平台不够好。要建立乡村工匠认定机制、回流机制和高校毕业生农村就业支持机制,实施乡村工匠职业教育计划、学徒制培养计划、技能培训计划,打造乡村特色产业、美丽乡村建设项目、地域文化传承基地。

社会工作在脱贫成果巩固中的动员势能研究

巩固脱贫攻坚成果是一项系统性、复杂性的民生工程,不仅需要以政府和驻村干部为责任主体的行政权威型动员,还需要其他社会组织和专业社会工作者的嵌入协同型动员。社会工作在脱贫攻坚时期已经释放出独具特色的专业化联动嵌入优势,在巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果的社会动员实践中同样能够继续发挥其自身所具有的权威性价值、合理性价值、专业性价值和灵活性价值。在具体的社会动员政策实践中,社会工作可以通过政策动员、思想动员、组织动员和工具动员四种策略增强巩固拓展脱贫成果行动的动员规模和联动效应,从而有效释放基层治理社会动员势能,促进共同富裕目标实现。

易地扶贫搬迁移民心理归属感的因素探究与提升策略——基于宁夏“十三五”两种安置方式的移民调查

易地扶贫搬迁是消除贫困的有效手段,确保搬迁群众“稳得住,能致富”是巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果的重点,心理归属感的实现是促进移民在安置区“稳得住”进而“能致富”的有效途径。基于有序Probit模型,利用宁夏“十三五”易地扶贫搬迁移民的调查数据,探究移民心理归属感的影响因素,发现移民在搬迁后身份认同感较低,住房条件和邻里关系是影响移民心理归属感的显著因素,家庭人均年收入、健康状况和婚姻状况等也会对不同安置方式移民的心理归属感产生影响。基于此,应从“鼓励移民外出就业,促进经济独立”和“进一步完善基础设施,推动移民构建社交网络”等方面采取措施提升移民心理归属感。

贵州荔波瑶族地区脱贫攻坚成效与巩固策略探析

瑶族是贵州荔波世居最早的土著民族,由于所处自然环境恶劣,居住在这里的瑶族长期处于深度贫困之中。2015年实施精准脱贫攻坚政策以来,荔波瑶族地区的经济社会发展与人居环境发生了翻天覆地的变化。在总结、分析荔波精准帮扶瑶族脱贫攻坚举措、成效、经验及挑战的基础上,就如何巩固脱贫成效从政策延续、内生动力、就业渠道、组织引领、帮扶热度等5个方面进行了策略性探讨。