Shape Analysis of Agricultural Parcels for Land Consolidation Priorities in Tekirdag Province,Turkey

Shape irregularity,a sub-factor of parcel fragmentation is a problem that hinders sustainable agriculture and is solved using land consolidation projects.Determination of the parcel shape degree contributes significantly to spatial prioritization where there is also a high probability of achieving positive effects of consolidation projects.This study aims to determine the shape degree of the agricultural parcels both at singular and rural county scales in Tekirdag Province,Turkey in 2020 by combining the parcel shape index(PSI) with the minimum bounding geometry index(MBG) to improve parcel scores.Hot-spot zones of the highly irregular and near optimum parcels were also determined using Getis-Ord G_(i)^(*) statistic.The parcel degrees were classified into four categories,namely highly irregular,irregular,regular and near optimum.The obtained unweighted scores of the parameters exhibit deviations from the expected values.After weighting by pairwise comparison,the values approached ideal scores.Among 346 740 parcels,53% were highly irregular and irregular and 47% were regular and near optimum shapes after weighting whereas these were 70% and 30%,respectively before weighting.The average parcel degree of 63 rural counties was regular while the average parcel degree of the remaining 264 rural counties was irregular.The combined use of PSI and MBG index improved the correctness of the parcel shape score.It could be suggested to use as a tool in land consolidation prioritization.

Analysis on Land Development and Consolidation in Mountainous Area——Land Development and Consolidation Project in Haiba Village of Fengjie County

The paper describes the land use situation in the project area from two aspects. Firstly, natural situation (landscape, temperature, soil hydrology, natural disasters); secondly, land use situation (land use structure, project construction scale, land area of different vegetation classes). Through the research on the land development and consolidation of Haiba Village of Fengjie County, the project is concluded and the implementation cases of the project are reduced from the following six aspects: land leveling project, water conservancy and irrigation, farmland road engineering, project management system, project funds management and completion and delivery of construction project. Besides, the social, ecological and economic interests obtained by the projects are analyzed, so as to provide reference for promoting land development and consolidation in the future.

Sediment settlement rate and consolidation time of flling reclamation in coal mining subsidence land

With the continuous growth of the population and the continuous reduction of cultivated land,China’s food security is greatly threatened.In addition,China’s coal mining has been mainly underground mining,causing land subsidence and damaging existing cultivated land.This efect intensifes the contradiction between the growth of the risk population and the reduction of cultivated land.The reclamation of mining subsidence land with Yellow River sediment is often used as an efective way to improve the recovery rate of cultivated land.Shortening the reclamation time and realizing continuous flling are signifcant issues.The work presented in this paper studied the sediment settlement rate and consolidation time by combining theory,feld flling and reclamation tests and numerical simulations.A feld flling test study was carried out in the lowlands of Jibeiwang Village,Qihe County,Shandong Province,China.By calculating the drainage consolidation time,the consolidation factor of 0.015656 m^(2)/d,and the time factor for sediment consolidation of 0.575 were determined.The sediment consolidation time for this test was 9.18 days.The calculation of sediment deposition rate and consolidation time is of great practical signifcance to guide the Yellow River sediment flling,realize continuous flling,and save reclamation time and cost.

LAND RECLAMATION IS BASIC GUARANTEE OF REGIONAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN COAL MINING AREAS IN CHINA

Necessity of land reclamation is discussed, setting out viewpoint of sustainable development and land connotation and its attribute and combining destroyed forms and characteristics of land in coal mining areas. It is pointed out that land reclamation of coal mining areas is basic guarantee of solving contradiction between coal mining areas and countryside,raising life of resident and ensuring regional sustainable development.

Discussions on the Land Consolidation to Promote Development-oriented Poverty Alleviation in Binchuan County of Yunnan Province

Land consolidation is an important way to improve the conditions of agricultural production and promote poverty alleviation and development in poor areas. This paper attempts to take Binchuan County of Yunnan Province as an example to explore the main practices,typical experiences and achievements of land consolidation in promoting poverty alleviation and development,so as to provide evidence for further development of relevant policies. It is found that in recent years,through the construction of rural production and living facilities,increase of employment for farmers in poor areas,promotion of the development of special industrial area and other measures,Binchuan County has effectively used the land consolidation platform,and has made outstanding achievements in poverty alleviation and development,so as to improve agricultural production conditions,improve the level of agricultural production,increase farmers' income,speed up the pace of poverty reduction,strengthen ecological protection and promote the sustainable development of economy and society. However,there are still some problems in the land consolidation,which need to be paid attention to and solved in the struggle against poverty.

Sustainable Development and Restoring the Landscape after Coal Mining in the Northern Part of the Czech Republic

Coal mining has an impact on the countryside and landscape where the exploitation of the mineral occurs, particularly with regard to the way it is mined, the technology used, the surface area, and the shape of the coalfield and extent of mining. The impact of mining, which is predominantly negative, is gradually being eliminated today in accordance with applicable laws by applying knowledge and experience and with the help of a variety of reclamation and revitalization activities. The newly created landscape gives the area new value and opportunity for use. The process of restoring a landscape after coal mining should be primarily guided by the principle of sustainable development to ensure that a balance of the social, economic and environmental aspects is achieved. This article discusses the theoretical basis of the individual possibilities for restoring the landscape in such a way that the anthropogenic formations caused by coal mining are best incorporated into the surrounding landscape and likewise meet the social and economic needs of society. A model area can be found in the northern part of the Czech Republic that has been scarred by coal strip mining for nearly 200 years, but the adverse effects on the landscape have been successfully smoothed over by reclamation methods.

Rural Land Development and Use and Integrated Land Consolidation in Tongjiang County

As important means of coordinating human-land relationship and realizing optimum allocation of land resources,land consolidation plays a great role in increasing effective farmland area and realizing dynamic balance of total farmland area. Land consolidation includes reallocation of land in space and adjustment of land relationship. This paper elaborated necessities for integrated land consolidation in Tongjiang County from project implementation,implementation situations,and implementation characteristics.

Examining the pathway and mechanism of comprehensive land consolidation through the lens of rural neo-endogenous development

Land consolidation(LC) stands as a globally recognized strategy for rural development. In China, it has evolved towards comprehensive land consolidation(CLC) to support the rural revitalization initiative. However, there are ongoing challenges in understanding CLC's specific pathway and mechanism, particularly its role in stimulating rural endogenous development. This study aims to investigate the localization process of international experiences, examine the pathway of CLC, and scrutinize its mechanism in rural development from a novel perspective of neo-endogenous development. Field research and semi-structured interviews were conducted in Nanzhanglou village, renowned for its early adoption of CLC practices inspired by German experiences since 1988. Overall, key findings underscore the advantages of CLC in spatial restructuring, industrial development, and human capital enhancement in rural areas. Additionally, international experiences emerge as crucial exogenous forces, primarily by knowledge embedding, which catalyzes rural neo-endogenous development via the “resource-engagement-identity-endogenous” mechanism. Collectively, by introducing a neo-endogenous theoretical framework, this study offers valuable insights into the CLC implementation in China and beyond, and emphasizes the positive impact of knowledge embedding as an exogenous force in promoting rural neo-endogenous development to address existing research gaps. Recommendations for sustainable rural development involve enhancing rural planning practicality, governance capacity, and local leadership, while prioritizing agricultural modernization and increasing investments in education and vocational training to ensure that villagers benefit from industrial development.

Ecology economic mode of mining area and its way to realize

Practice has proved that if the traditional economic development mode of isolating exploitation of resources from environmental protection was adopted, or the land reclaim mode of managing after having been destroyed was taken, it is unable to solve the serious environmental problem of mining area effectively. According to the thought of sustainable development, the ecology economic mode of mining area-regard mining area as one three-dimension compound ecological economic system was put forward, and the exploitation and reconstruction activities were arranged, according to the objective rule of the whole operation of ecological economy, so as to make ecology economic system’s whole function optimize, the regional ecology harmonious and the pollutant be controlled in the whole course. It was discussed that the way to realize the ecology economic mode of mining area; the ecological programming of mining area on the basis of the cleaner production and green products strategy; the whole course controlling of ecological disruption based on the ecological industrial technology; the land reclaiming on ecological agricultural technology and the integration craft of exploitation of resources and ecology reconstruction of mining area based on the two integrated new technologies; and the technological system about the programming, monitoring, and appraising on exploitation of resources and the ecological reconstruction of mining area based on “3S” technology.

Remote sensing monitoring of the recent rapid increase in cultivation activities and its effects on desertification in the Mu Us Desert, China

The recent ecological improvement in the Mu Us Desert of China, largely attributed to large-scale afforestation projects, has created new opportunities for cultivation activities. However, the subsequent rapid increase in reclamation on desertification land and its impact on desertification have raised concerns. In this study, we first extracted data on cultivated land and desertification land in 1975,1990, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020 through the human-computer interaction visual interpretation method. By overlaying the cultivated land dynamics and desertification land, we subsequently explored the effect of cultivation activities on desertification in the Mu Us Desert during the six periods from 1975 to 2020(1975–1990, 1990–2000, 2000–2005, 2005–2010, 2010–2015, and 2015–2020). The results showed that cultivated land in the Mu Us Desert showed a fluctuating and increasing trend from 3769.26 km~2 in 1975 to 4865.73 km~2 in 2020, with 2010 as the turning point for the recent rapid increase. The main contributors included the large and regular patches distributed in Yuyang District and Shenmu of Shaanxi Province, and relatively smaller patches concentrated in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The increased cultivated land from the reclamation on desertification land was dominated by moderate and severe desertification lands, and the decreased cultivated land that was transferred into desertification land as abandoned cultivated land was dominated by slight and moderate desertification lands. The effect of cultivation activities on desertification reversal(average area proportion of 10.61% for reversed desertification land) was greater than that of the development of desertification(average area proportion of 5.82% for developed desertification land). Nevertheless, compared to reversed desertification land,both the significant increase of developed desertification land during the periods of 2000–2005 and 2005–2010 and the insignificant decrease during the periods of 2005–2010, 2010–2015, and 2015–2020 implied a potential remobilization risk. Therefore, this study provides a significant theoretical reference for the formulation of ecological restoration projects and regional macroeconomic development policies by considering the influence of cultivation activities, to ensure the overall environmental stability and sustainability in desertification land where reclamation and abandonment activities have taken place.

Rural vitalization in China:A perspective of land consolidation

The core objective of rural vitalization is to systemically establish a coupling pattern of various rural development elements including population, land and industry. As one of the prerequisites, land resources is required to be optimally allocated via land consolidation. Consequently, land consolidation contributes greatly to population agglomeration, industrial development and resources support under the context of combating rural decline. Based on the key elements affecting rural development, this paper elaborates the connotation of rural vitalization and land consolidation in the new era as well as their relationships. Furthermore, the paper analyzes the alternative paths for achieving rural vitalization via land consolidation, and discusses the future directions of land consolidation and rural vitalization. The conclusions are drawn as follows:(1) To cope with the loss and decline of the intrinsic elements in rural areas, rural vitalization is a development strategy aimed at realizing economic, political, cultural and ecological rejuvenation in rural area by reshaping socio-economic morphology and spatial pattern in rural territory.(2) From the perspective of rural vitalization, land consolidation is endowed with new connotation, which should not only target at activating the key elements of rural development, but also place emphasis on coordinating material space and spirit core as well as integrating the restructuring of the physical space and the rural governance system.(3) Land consolidation should be compatible with regional natural conditions and the current stage of socio-economic development. According to the principle of regional planning and classification strategy, the appropriate models and paths should be adopted to promote the benign interactions of population, land and industry based on engineering techniques and ecological means.(4) Under the background of national strategy of rural vitalization, it is necessary to reshape the value orientation of land consolidation based on a scientific understanding of urban-rural relations and rural territorial functions, coordinate land consolidation planning and rural vitalization planning under the unified spatial planning system, and explore the new model combining land consolidation and multifunctional agriculture.

Land consolidation： An indispensable way of spatial restructuring in rural China

The implementation of new type industrialization and urbanization and agricultural modernization strategies lacks of a major hand grip and spatial supporting platform, due to long-term existed ＂dual-track＂ structure of rural-urban development in China as well as un- stable rural development institution and mechanism. It is necessary to restructure rural pro- duction, living and ecological space by carrying out land consolidation, so as to establish a new platform for building new countryside and realizing urban-rural integration development in China. This paper develops the concept and connotation of rural spatial restructuring. Basing on the effects analysis of industrialization and urbanization on rural production, living and ecological space, the mechanism of pushing forward rural spatial restructuring by carry- ing out land consolidation is probed. A conceptualization of the models of rural production, living and ecological spatial restructuring is analyzed combining with agricultural land con- solidation, hollowed villages consolidation and industrial and mining land consolidation. Fi- nally, the author argues that a ＂bottom-up＂ restructuring strategy accompanied by a few ＂top-down＂ elements is helpful for smoothly pushing forward rural spatial restructuring in China. In addition, the optimization and restructuring of rural production, living and ecological space will rely on the innovations of regional engineering technology, policy and mechanism, and mode of rural land consolidation, and more attentions should be paid to rural space, the foundation base and platform for realizing urban-rural integration development.

2023年土地科学研究重点进展评述及2024年展望——土地工程与信息技术分报告

研究目的:归纳分析2023年国内外土地工程与信息技术领域的研究进展,展望研究趋势。研究方法:文献分析法。研究结果:国内研究主要集中在土地综合开发模式与运行机制、全域土地综合整治的潜力机制及路径、碳中和背景下的土地复垦与生态修复、土壤—植物—微生物模式下的复垦土壤重构、国土空间生态修复差异化分区与格局构建、土地信息智能化监测技术与信息提取方法、数字化国土空间规划技术、基于GIS的土地管理技术。国外研究主要集中在农业用地土地整理模式、基于土壤改良的矿区土地复垦、土壤—植物—微生物协同修复作用机制、基于社会经济和生态指标的生态修复、土地信息监测与预测技术、基于人工智能的土地规划技术、土地管理系统优化技术。研究结论:2023年土地工程与信息技术在全域土地综合整治、土地复垦与土壤重构、国土空间生态修复、土地信息监测与管理技术等方面取得了一定进展。结合当前科技需求,2024年及未来重点关注山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理、全域土地综合整治和国土空间生态保护修复、碳中和目标下的矿区土地复垦、乡村振兴背景下的土地集约利用和低效用地治理、土地信息可视化技术和土地信息智能化处理技术。

清末筹议放垦蒙地及在察哈尔地区的放垦实践

庚子之役后,为了应对统治危机,清廷接受岑春煊的建议解除蒙禁,并派贻谷推行垦务。察哈尔地区属内属蒙古,清廷对该地区的王公牧厂、私垦地进行大规模的放垦和清理,取得显著效果。在近代内忧外患的形势下,清末的垦务活动促进了中国内地与蒙疆地区的一体化,推动中华民族形成嵌入式互动的发展格局,增强了中华各民族之间的凝聚力,使得维护国家统一的内在力量愈发深厚持久。

土地发展权视角下全域土地综合整治工具探索——以佛山市南海区“三券”为例

全域土地综合整治是稳妥推进农村土地制度改革的关键抓手。在全域土地综合整治中,不同的整治模式会造成土地发展权的非均衡配置,使得被赋予土地发展权的项目容易实施、被削减或终止土地发展权的项目难以实施。本文从土地发展权视角出发,探究了南海区“三券”政策的三个典型案例,分析了“三券”政策的实施机制,指出“三券”政策实质上是通过土地发展权的补偿和转移来保护村集体利益、助力实施全域土地综合整治的有效工具和重要路径。建立和完善土地发展权转移和补偿机制,有利于推进实施全域土地综合整治、解决因土地性质变化而产生的土地收益“暴损”问题,有利于以全域土地综合整治为牵引深化农村土地制度改革,促进乡村振兴和城乡融合发展。

静动力排水固结法处理吹填海相泥沙软基试验研究

为加固吹填海相泥沙形成的软土地基,在汕头市东海岸围海造地的吹填区域内,进行堆载预压的静态排水固结法、强夯施工的动力排水固结法等试验,采用“降水+堆载+强夯”的静动力排水固结法加固吹填海相泥沙形成的软土地基。通过现场测试,研究施工过程中各层地基沉降、水位和孔隙水压力、土体位移变化情况,对处理前后的地基进行土工试验和原位测试研究,并验证该方法对海相泥沙的处理效果。研究表明,静动力排水固结法显著提高吹填软土地基的承载特性,可广泛应用于围海造地软基加固工程中。

资源型地区土地综合整治对乡村转型发展的影响及作用机制——基于微观农户调查数据的实证分析

研究目的:探究资源型地区土地综合整治对乡村转型发展的影响及作用机制,以期为土地综合整治与乡村转型发展高质量协同推进提供决策参考。研究方法:从“人口—土地—产业—人居”维度阐述土地综合整治对乡村转型发展的作用机理,在此基础上基于江苏省贾汪区、沛县和山东省滕州市、微山县微观农户调查数据,运用熵权TOPSIS测度乡村转型发展的同时,构建双重差分模型全面考察土地综合整治对乡村转型发展的作用机制。研究结果:(1)资源型地区土地综合整治主要通过农用地整治、建设用地整治、矿区土地复垦与环境整治、特色村庄整治等内容,激活乡村人口、土地、产业、人居等核心要素,对乡村转型发展产生正向促进作用;(2)土地综合整治对乡村不同转型维度的作用效果具有差异性,表现为人居环境转型(0.370)>土地利用转型(0.276)>人口转型(0.048)>产业发展转型(0.006);(3)从不同类型农户视角来看,兼业型农户下作用效应最强,搬迁型农户其次,传统型农户较差。研究结论:全面发挥资源型地区土地综合整治助推乡村转型发展的作用效应,同时充分考虑不同类型农户意愿,因地制宜发展差异化、特色化乡村转型之路,推动乡村全面振兴。

宅基地发展权转移交易:逻辑、演进与机制——基于“集地券”和“复垦券”的双案例比较

宅基地发展权转移交易通过闲置土地资源的优化配置,焕发“沉睡资产”的生机与活力。运用双案例对比分析方法,比较宅基地发展权转移交易“集地券”和“复垦券”的共性与异质性。研究发现:宅基地发展权转移交易是“集地券”和“复垦券”的实质核心,蕴含着增减挂钩占补平衡、土地节余指标交易、土地增值收益分配、票券利用和再利用的核心特征;“产生—交易—利用”的运作范式搭建了“集地券”和“复垦券”的逻辑流程框架,刻画了宅基地发展权转移交易的故事线;“人—地—权—利”四维要素和诱导、整治、竞合、契约、分配、共享的六大机制贯穿于整个运作流程之中。各要素、各机制、各阶段之间的相互耦合确保了政策的长效运作和目标实现。因此,应厘清宅基地发展权转移交易的逻辑、演进与机制,助推闲置宅基地的再利用和资产价值发挥,从而为政府深化土地改革提供智力支持。

经济发达区耕地非粮化景观格局特征及分区整治研究——以宁波市鄞州区为例

研究目的:解析经济发达区非粮化耕地景观格局特征,科学确定非粮化耕地整治的优先次序及分区,以期为耕地非粮化空间治理提供参考。研究方法:形态学空间格局分析(MSPA)、综合评价法和四象限法。研究结果:(1)研究区耕地非粮化率为37.6%,非粮化类型以经济作物种植为主,其次为苗木种植和水产养殖,在空间分布上呈现由东南远郊向西北城区递减的分布格局;(2)研究区非粮化耕地以核心和边缘耕地类型为主,核心耕地和边缘耕地的非粮化利用分别以水产养殖和经济作物为主,穿孔和环岛耕地类型较少;(3)通过整治适宜性和紧迫性评价可明确非粮化整治的优先次序,研究区耕地非粮化优先整治区、重点整治区、储备整治区和一般整治区的占比分别为40.1%、15.1%、24.5%和20.3%,不同分区的类型组合与整治时序安排可为非粮化差异化整治策略提供依据。研究结论:应重视非粮化耕地景观格局特征,结合耕地耕作条件、利用状态、管控政策等组合差异,合理制定耕地非粮化分区整治策略以提升治理效率。

广州市东风村城乡融合发展的双轮驱动路径

城乡融合发展是中国式现代化的必然要求。基于城乡融合发展背景,分别阐述城市更新与全域土地综合整治的侧重优势,创新性地提出实施“城市更新+全域土地综合整治”双轮驱动路径的必要性。该路径可细分为“城市更新+全域土地综合整治”主模式,以及“全域土地综合整治+建设用地集约化利用、设施配套、资源活化”与“全域土地综合整治+特色产业”两个子模式。并且,以广州市从化区东风村为例进行实证分析,以期为促进城乡融合发展提供新思路。