The data in Mobile Edge Computing(MEC)contains tremendousmarket value,and data sharing canmaximize the usefulness of the data.However,certain data is quite sensitive,and sharing it directly may violate privacy.Vertica...The data in Mobile Edge Computing(MEC)contains tremendousmarket value,and data sharing canmaximize the usefulness of the data.However,certain data is quite sensitive,and sharing it directly may violate privacy.Vertical Federated Learning(VFL)is a secure distributed machine learning framework that completes joint model training by passing encryptedmodel parameters rather than raw data,so there is no data privacy leakage during the training process.Therefore,the VFL can build a bridge between data demander and owner to realize data sharing while protecting data privacy.Typically,the VFL requires a third party for key distribution and decryption of training results.In this article,we employ the consortium blockchain instead of the traditional third party and design a VFL architecture based on the consortium blockchain for data sharing in MEC.More specifically,we propose a V-Raft consensus algorithm based on Verifiable Random Functions(VRFs),which is a variant of the Raft.The VRaft is able to elect leader quickly and stably to assist data demander and owner to complete data sharing by VFL.Moreover,we apply secret sharing todistribute the private key to avoid the situationwhere the training result cannot be decrypted if the leader crashes.Finally,we analyzed the performance of the V-Raft and carried out simulation experiments,and the results show that compared with Raft,the V-Raft has higher efficiency and better scalability.展开更多
In crowded cities,searching for the availability of parking lots is a herculean task as it results in the wastage of drivers’time,increases air pollution,and traffic congestion.Smart parking systems facilitate the dr...In crowded cities,searching for the availability of parking lots is a herculean task as it results in the wastage of drivers’time,increases air pollution,and traffic congestion.Smart parking systems facilitate the drivers to determine the information about the parking lot in real time and book them depending on the requirement.But the existing smart parking systems necessitate the drivers to reveal their sensitive information that includes their mobile number,personal identity,and desired destination.This disclosure of sensitive information makes the existing centralized smart parking systems more vulnerable to service providers’security breaches,single points of failure,and bottlenecks.In this paper,an Improved Asymmetric Consortium Blockchain and Homomorphically Computing Univariate Polynomial-based private information retrieval(IACB-HCUPPIR)scheme is proposed to ensure parking lots’availability with transparency security in a privacy-preserving smart parking system.In specific,an improved Asymmetric Consortium Blockchain is used for achieving secure transactions between different parties interacting in the smart parking environment.It further adopted the method of Homomorphically Computing Univariate Polynomial-based private information retrieval(HCUPPIR)scheme for preserving the location privacy of drivers.The results of IACB-HCUPPIR confirmed better results in terms of minimized computation and communication overload with throughput,latency,and response time with maximized drivers’privacy preservation.Moreover,the proposed fully homomorphic algorithm(FHE)was compared against partial-homomorphic encryption(PHE)and technique without encryption and found that the proposed model has quick communication in allocating the parking slots starting with 24.3 s,whereas PHE starts allocating from 24.7 s and the technique without encryption starts at 27.4 s.Thus,we ensure the proposed model performs well in allocating parking slots with less time and high security with privacy preservation.展开更多
This paper focuses on how to use consortium blockchain to improve the regulation of peer-to-peer(P2 P) lending market. The partial decentralized consortium blockchain with limited pre-set nodes can well improve transp...This paper focuses on how to use consortium blockchain to improve the regulation of peer-to-peer(P2 P) lending market. The partial decentralized consortium blockchain with limited pre-set nodes can well improve transparency and security, which is suitable for financial regulation. Considering irregularities of the P2P lending market, the Hyperledger-based Peer-to-Peer Lending System(HyperP2PLS) is proposed. First elaborate the application scenario and business logic of the system, where a national P2P Lending Trading Center will be established to integrate all transactions and information of P2P lending market. Then construct the system architecture consisting of the blockchain network, HTTP server, and applications. The algorithm of implementation process and the web application for users have been well illustrated. The performance analysis shows that HyperP2PLS can guarantee the reliability, safety, transparency and efficiency.展开更多
As the smart grid develops rapidly,abundant connected devices offer various trading data.This raises higher requirements for secure and effective data storage.Traditional centralized data management does not meet the ...As the smart grid develops rapidly,abundant connected devices offer various trading data.This raises higher requirements for secure and effective data storage.Traditional centralized data management does not meet the above requirements.Currently,smart grid with conventional consortium blockchain can solve the above issues.However,in the face of a large number of nodes,existing consensus algorithms often perform poorly in terms of efficiency and throughput.In this paper,we propose a trust-based hierarchical consensus mechanism(THCM)to solve this problem.Firstly,we design a hierarchical mechanism to improve the efficiency and throughput.Then,intra-layer nodes use an improved Raft consensus algorithm and inter-layer nodes use the Byzantine Fault Tolerance algorithm.Thirdly,we propose a trust evaluation method to improve the election process of Raft.Finally,we implement a prototype system to evaluate the performance of THCM.The results demonstrate that the consensus efficiency is improved by 19.8%,the throughput is improved by 12.34%,and the storage is reduced by 37.9%.展开更多
Charging piles are used for charging electric vehicles and are directly accessible to users in an energy internet entrance,while playing an important role in energy consumption.Currently,each enterprise constructs the...Charging piles are used for charging electric vehicles and are directly accessible to users in an energy internet entrance,while playing an important role in energy consumption.Currently,each enterprise constructs the center of operation and maintenance of their systems independently,along with their respective APP payment programs.This results in high operating costs,poor user experience,and low utilization rate of the pile,which limits the promotion and popularization of electric vehicles.To overcome this limitation,there is a need for a multi-center,fair,and transparent consortium blockchain,which can conform to the application requirements of a unified payment system and accommodate a range of diverse enterprise charging piles.In this paper,the design for a consensus and incentive program for consortium blockchain is presented.First,the application status of blockchain in an energy internet is described.Then,the logical structure and hierarchical model of the consortium blockchain are analyzed.Next,multicycle accounting and limiting the amount of accounting nodes in each round is presented to ensure the overhead of consensus remain constant.Finally,the accounting incentive mechanism and the bidding encouragement strategy based on“electric beans”are designed.展开更多
As one of the underlying technologies of the blockchain,the consensus algorithm plays a vital role in ensuring security and efficiency.As a consensus algorithm for the private blockchain,Raft has better performance th...As one of the underlying technologies of the blockchain,the consensus algorithm plays a vital role in ensuring security and efficiency.As a consensus algorithm for the private blockchain,Raft has better performance than the rest of the consensus algorithms,and it does not cause problems such as the concentrated hashing power,resource waste and fork.However,Raft can only be used in a non-byzantine environment with a small network size.In order to enable Raft to be used in a large-scale network with a certain number of byzantine nodes,this paper combines Raft and credit model to propose a Raft blockchain consensus algorithm based on credit model CRaft.In the node credit evaluation phase,RBF-based support vector machine is used as the anomaly detection method,and the node credit evaluation model is constructed.Then the Trust Nodes List(TNL)mechanism is introduced to make the consensus phase in a creditable network environment.Finally,the common node is synchronized to the consensus node to update the blockchain of the entire network.Experiments show that CRaft has better throughput and lower latency than the commonly used consortium blockchain consensus algorithm PBFT(Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance).展开更多
Blockchain technologies have been applied in many areas,from economics,the internet of things to the industrial internet.In order to solve the issue that the Hyperledger Fabric does not currently support Chinese Comme...Blockchain technologies have been applied in many areas,from economics,the internet of things to the industrial internet.In order to solve the issue that the Hyperledger Fabric does not currently support Chinese Commercial Cryptographic(CCC)algorithms,we extended the Blockchain Cryptographic Service Provider(BCCSP)module in the Hyperledger Fabric by upgrading the original BCCSP module to support the CCC algorithms SM2 and SM3.Furthermore,we designed a transaction process by using UBCCSP(Upgraded BCCSP),and a new smart contract also has been presented.After that,an improved consortium blockchain information system based on UBCCSP named UCBIS(Consortium Blockchain Information System based on UBCCSP)is proposed.In the Hyperledger Fabric transaction process,the identity information and transaction data are protected by the SM2 and SM3 algorithms,moreover,SM3 is also used in the construction process of smart contracts.Our smart contracts reduce the total data amount and improve query efficiency.Finally,the information query system based on UBCCSP is implemented.After being tested and analyzed,the average time for every query is only 31.162 ms in the blockchain system,which has better performance and higher query efficiency.展开更多
Peer-to-peer(P2P)spectrum sharing and energy trading are promising solutions to locally satisfy spectrum and energy demands in power Internet of Things(IoT).However,implementation of largescale P2P spectrum sharing an...Peer-to-peer(P2P)spectrum sharing and energy trading are promising solutions to locally satisfy spectrum and energy demands in power Internet of Things(IoT).However,implementation of largescale P2P spectrum sharing and energy trading confronts security and privacy challenges.In this paper,we exploit consortium blockchain and Directed Acyclic Graph(DAG)to propose a new secure and distributed spectrum sharing and energy trading framework in power IoT,named spectrum-energy chain,where a set of local aggregators(LAGs)cooperatively confirm the identity of the power devices by utilizing consortium blockchain,so as to form a main chain.Then,the local power devices verify spectrum and energy micro-transactions simultaneously but asynchronously to form local spectrum tangle and local energy tangle,respectively.Moreover,an iterative double auction based micro transactions scheme is designed to solve the spectrum and energy pricing and the amount of shared spectrum and energy among power devices.Security analysis and numerical results illustrate that the developed spectrum-energy chain and the designed iterative double auction based microtransactions scheme are secure and efficient for spectrum sharing and energy trading in power IoT.展开更多
System-wide information management(SWIM)is a complex distributed information transfer and sharing system for the next generation of Air Transportation System(ATS).In response to the growing volume of civil aviation ai...System-wide information management(SWIM)is a complex distributed information transfer and sharing system for the next generation of Air Transportation System(ATS).In response to the growing volume of civil aviation air operations,users accessing different authentication domains in the SWIM system have problems with the validity,security,and privacy of SWIM-shared data.In order to solve these problems,this paper proposes a SWIM crossdomain authentication scheme based on a consistent hashing algorithm on consortium blockchain and designs a blockchain certificate format for SWIM cross-domain authentication.The scheme uses a consistent hash algorithm with virtual nodes in combination with a cluster of authentication centers in the SWIM consortium blockchain architecture to synchronize the user’s authentication mapping relationships between authentication domains.The virtual authentication nodes are mapped separately using different services provided by SWIM to guarantee the partitioning of the consistent hash ring on the consortium blockchain.According to the dynamic change of user’s authentication requests,the nodes of virtual service authentication can be added and deleted to realize the dynamic load balancing of cross-domain authentication of different services.Security analysis shows that this protocol can resist network attacks such as man-in-the-middle attacks,replay attacks,and Sybil attacks.Experiments show that this scheme can reduce the redundant authentication operations of identity information and solve the problems of traditional cross-domain authentication with single-point collapse,difficulty in expansion,and uneven load.At the same time,it has better security of information storage and can realize the cross-domain authentication requirements of SWIM users with low communication costs and system overhead.KEYWORDS System-wide information management(SWIM);consortium blockchain;consistent hash;cross-domain authentication;load balancing.展开更多
To achieve higher energy utilization and lower generation cost for renewable sources(e.g., wind and solar energy), much work has been focused on demand response in smart grid(SG). Nonetheless, most existing studies co...To achieve higher energy utilization and lower generation cost for renewable sources(e.g., wind and solar energy), much work has been focused on demand response in smart grid(SG). Nonetheless, most existing studies consider energy trading with utility company which results in high energy loss from high voltage to low voltage and privacy leakage. Besides, there are relatively few researches devoted to electricity scheduling and price optimum among households without a third party. To cope with these issues, a novel deep deterministic policy gradient(DDPG)-based energy trading method with consortium blockchain(DETCB) is introduced. Firstly, in order to enhance system security, executing energy transaction among households is on the basis of consortium blockchain, which leads to not only anonymous trade but also public account. Moreover, the primary target from the aspect of the system is apparently the maximal social welfare, thus exploiting an iterative decision-making method combined with DDPG algorithm by non-profit controllers to obtain optimal trading prices and carry out optimal electricity allocation. To this end, security analysis demonstrates that DETCB contributes to creating a secure, stable and trustful environment. Furthermore, the excellent performance concerning social welfare, algorithm efficiency, and transaction energy sum is shown by numerical results.展开更多
针对多链式区块链采用主链最终共识机制,导致主链负载大,制约从链性能等问题,论文提出一种基于超图和MuSig2聚合签名的联盟链主从多链共识机制.首先根据超图理论,构建以横贯超图为主链,子超图为从链的联盟链主从多链架构;然后借鉴分治思...针对多链式区块链采用主链最终共识机制,导致主链负载大,制约从链性能等问题,论文提出一种基于超图和MuSig2聚合签名的联盟链主从多链共识机制.首先根据超图理论,构建以横贯超图为主链,子超图为从链的联盟链主从多链架构;然后借鉴分治思想,结合“背书-排序-验证”的共识方式,构建分层分类共识机制,通过分类处理交易降低主链负载压力;最后构建基于MuSig2聚合签名的联盟链多方背书签名方法,提升背书签名的验证效率.性能分析表明:基于MuSig2聚合签名的联盟链多方背书签名安全可靠,基于超图和MuSig2聚合签名的分层分类共识机制具有强一致性和线性时间复杂度.实验结果表明:基于MuSig2聚合签名的多方背书方法的总效率是椭圆曲线数字签名算法(Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm,ECDSA)的1.55倍,分层分类共识机制能够提升12.5%的共识效率.该机制具有较高性能,可满足企业多样化业务需求.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation(61962009)the National Natural Science Foundation(62202118)+1 种基金Top Technology Talent Project from Guizhou Education Department(Qianjiao ji[2022]073)Foundation of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Information Security(GCIS202118).
文摘The data in Mobile Edge Computing(MEC)contains tremendousmarket value,and data sharing canmaximize the usefulness of the data.However,certain data is quite sensitive,and sharing it directly may violate privacy.Vertical Federated Learning(VFL)is a secure distributed machine learning framework that completes joint model training by passing encryptedmodel parameters rather than raw data,so there is no data privacy leakage during the training process.Therefore,the VFL can build a bridge between data demander and owner to realize data sharing while protecting data privacy.Typically,the VFL requires a third party for key distribution and decryption of training results.In this article,we employ the consortium blockchain instead of the traditional third party and design a VFL architecture based on the consortium blockchain for data sharing in MEC.More specifically,we propose a V-Raft consensus algorithm based on Verifiable Random Functions(VRFs),which is a variant of the Raft.The VRaft is able to elect leader quickly and stably to assist data demander and owner to complete data sharing by VFL.Moreover,we apply secret sharing todistribute the private key to avoid the situationwhere the training result cannot be decrypted if the leader crashes.Finally,we analyzed the performance of the V-Raft and carried out simulation experiments,and the results show that compared with Raft,the V-Raft has higher efficiency and better scalability.
基金The research was funded by the School of Information Technology and Engineering,Vellore Institute of Technology,Vellore 632014,Tamil Nadu,India.
文摘In crowded cities,searching for the availability of parking lots is a herculean task as it results in the wastage of drivers’time,increases air pollution,and traffic congestion.Smart parking systems facilitate the drivers to determine the information about the parking lot in real time and book them depending on the requirement.But the existing smart parking systems necessitate the drivers to reveal their sensitive information that includes their mobile number,personal identity,and desired destination.This disclosure of sensitive information makes the existing centralized smart parking systems more vulnerable to service providers’security breaches,single points of failure,and bottlenecks.In this paper,an Improved Asymmetric Consortium Blockchain and Homomorphically Computing Univariate Polynomial-based private information retrieval(IACB-HCUPPIR)scheme is proposed to ensure parking lots’availability with transparency security in a privacy-preserving smart parking system.In specific,an improved Asymmetric Consortium Blockchain is used for achieving secure transactions between different parties interacting in the smart parking environment.It further adopted the method of Homomorphically Computing Univariate Polynomial-based private information retrieval(HCUPPIR)scheme for preserving the location privacy of drivers.The results of IACB-HCUPPIR confirmed better results in terms of minimized computation and communication overload with throughput,latency,and response time with maximized drivers’privacy preservation.Moreover,the proposed fully homomorphic algorithm(FHE)was compared against partial-homomorphic encryption(PHE)and technique without encryption and found that the proposed model has quick communication in allocating the parking slots starting with 24.3 s,whereas PHE starts allocating from 24.7 s and the technique without encryption starts at 27.4 s.Thus,we ensure the proposed model performs well in allocating parking slots with less time and high security with privacy preservation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.71872020 and No.71402008the Corporate Finance and Innovation Development Research Center in BUPT
文摘This paper focuses on how to use consortium blockchain to improve the regulation of peer-to-peer(P2 P) lending market. The partial decentralized consortium blockchain with limited pre-set nodes can well improve transparency and security, which is suitable for financial regulation. Considering irregularities of the P2P lending market, the Hyperledger-based Peer-to-Peer Lending System(HyperP2PLS) is proposed. First elaborate the application scenario and business logic of the system, where a national P2P Lending Trading Center will be established to integrate all transactions and information of P2P lending market. Then construct the system architecture consisting of the blockchain network, HTTP server, and applications. The algorithm of implementation process and the web application for users have been well illustrated. The performance analysis shows that HyperP2PLS can guarantee the reliability, safety, transparency and efficiency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.62172051,61772085,and 61877005)Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund (No.CX (18)3054).
文摘As the smart grid develops rapidly,abundant connected devices offer various trading data.This raises higher requirements for secure and effective data storage.Traditional centralized data management does not meet the above requirements.Currently,smart grid with conventional consortium blockchain can solve the above issues.However,in the face of a large number of nodes,existing consensus algorithms often perform poorly in terms of efficiency and throughput.In this paper,we propose a trust-based hierarchical consensus mechanism(THCM)to solve this problem.Firstly,we design a hierarchical mechanism to improve the efficiency and throughput.Then,intra-layer nodes use an improved Raft consensus algorithm and inter-layer nodes use the Byzantine Fault Tolerance algorithm.Thirdly,we propose a trust evaluation method to improve the election process of Raft.Finally,we implement a prototype system to evaluate the performance of THCM.The results demonstrate that the consensus efficiency is improved by 19.8%,the throughput is improved by 12.34%,and the storage is reduced by 37.9%.
基金This research is supported by the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(SAP No.52110417000G).
文摘Charging piles are used for charging electric vehicles and are directly accessible to users in an energy internet entrance,while playing an important role in energy consumption.Currently,each enterprise constructs the center of operation and maintenance of their systems independently,along with their respective APP payment programs.This results in high operating costs,poor user experience,and low utilization rate of the pile,which limits the promotion and popularization of electric vehicles.To overcome this limitation,there is a need for a multi-center,fair,and transparent consortium blockchain,which can conform to the application requirements of a unified payment system and accommodate a range of diverse enterprise charging piles.In this paper,the design for a consensus and incentive program for consortium blockchain is presented.First,the application status of blockchain in an energy internet is described.Then,the logical structure and hierarchical model of the consortium blockchain are analyzed.Next,multicycle accounting and limiting the amount of accounting nodes in each round is presented to ensure the overhead of consensus remain constant.Finally,the accounting incentive mechanism and the bidding encouragement strategy based on“electric beans”are designed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61672297)。
文摘As one of the underlying technologies of the blockchain,the consensus algorithm plays a vital role in ensuring security and efficiency.As a consensus algorithm for the private blockchain,Raft has better performance than the rest of the consensus algorithms,and it does not cause problems such as the concentrated hashing power,resource waste and fork.However,Raft can only be used in a non-byzantine environment with a small network size.In order to enable Raft to be used in a large-scale network with a certain number of byzantine nodes,this paper combines Raft and credit model to propose a Raft blockchain consensus algorithm based on credit model CRaft.In the node credit evaluation phase,RBF-based support vector machine is used as the anomaly detection method,and the node credit evaluation model is constructed.Then the Trust Nodes List(TNL)mechanism is introduced to make the consensus phase in a creditable network environment.Finally,the common node is synchronized to the consensus node to update the blockchain of the entire network.Experiments show that CRaft has better throughput and lower latency than the commonly used consortium blockchain consensus algorithm PBFT(Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance).
基金This work was supported by the“Electronic Information Engineering”and“Information Security”national first-class undergraduate major construction project.Advanced discipline construction project in Beijing(No.3201023).
文摘Blockchain technologies have been applied in many areas,from economics,the internet of things to the industrial internet.In order to solve the issue that the Hyperledger Fabric does not currently support Chinese Commercial Cryptographic(CCC)algorithms,we extended the Blockchain Cryptographic Service Provider(BCCSP)module in the Hyperledger Fabric by upgrading the original BCCSP module to support the CCC algorithms SM2 and SM3.Furthermore,we designed a transaction process by using UBCCSP(Upgraded BCCSP),and a new smart contract also has been presented.After that,an improved consortium blockchain information system based on UBCCSP named UCBIS(Consortium Blockchain Information System based on UBCCSP)is proposed.In the Hyperledger Fabric transaction process,the identity information and transaction data are protected by the SM2 and SM3 algorithms,moreover,SM3 is also used in the construction process of smart contracts.Our smart contracts reduce the total data amount and improve query efficiency.Finally,the information query system based on UBCCSP is implemented.After being tested and analyzed,the average time for every query is only 31.162 ms in the blockchain system,which has better performance and higher query efficiency.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFB1807801,2020YFB1807800)in part by Project Supported by Engineering Research Center of Mobile Communications,Ministry of Education(cqupt-mct-202003)+2 种基金in part by Key Lab of Information Network Security,Ministry of Public Security under Grant C19603in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61901067 and 61901013)in part by Chongqing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0339).
文摘Peer-to-peer(P2P)spectrum sharing and energy trading are promising solutions to locally satisfy spectrum and energy demands in power Internet of Things(IoT).However,implementation of largescale P2P spectrum sharing and energy trading confronts security and privacy challenges.In this paper,we exploit consortium blockchain and Directed Acyclic Graph(DAG)to propose a new secure and distributed spectrum sharing and energy trading framework in power IoT,named spectrum-energy chain,where a set of local aggregators(LAGs)cooperatively confirm the identity of the power devices by utilizing consortium blockchain,so as to form a main chain.Then,the local power devices verify spectrum and energy micro-transactions simultaneously but asynchronously to form local spectrum tangle and local energy tangle,respectively.Moreover,an iterative double auction based micro transactions scheme is designed to solve the spectrum and energy pricing and the amount of shared spectrum and energy among power devices.Security analysis and numerical results illustrate that the developed spectrum-energy chain and the designed iterative double auction based microtransactions scheme are secure and efficient for spectrum sharing and energy trading in power IoT.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62172418)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Civil Aviation Administration of China(U2133203)+1 种基金the Education Commission Scientific Research Project of Tianjin China(2022KJ081)the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Civil Aircraft Airworthiness Technology(SH2021111907).
文摘System-wide information management(SWIM)is a complex distributed information transfer and sharing system for the next generation of Air Transportation System(ATS).In response to the growing volume of civil aviation air operations,users accessing different authentication domains in the SWIM system have problems with the validity,security,and privacy of SWIM-shared data.In order to solve these problems,this paper proposes a SWIM crossdomain authentication scheme based on a consistent hashing algorithm on consortium blockchain and designs a blockchain certificate format for SWIM cross-domain authentication.The scheme uses a consistent hash algorithm with virtual nodes in combination with a cluster of authentication centers in the SWIM consortium blockchain architecture to synchronize the user’s authentication mapping relationships between authentication domains.The virtual authentication nodes are mapped separately using different services provided by SWIM to guarantee the partitioning of the consistent hash ring on the consortium blockchain.According to the dynamic change of user’s authentication requests,the nodes of virtual service authentication can be added and deleted to realize the dynamic load balancing of cross-domain authentication of different services.Security analysis shows that this protocol can resist network attacks such as man-in-the-middle attacks,replay attacks,and Sybil attacks.Experiments show that this scheme can reduce the redundant authentication operations of identity information and solve the problems of traditional cross-domain authentication with single-point collapse,difficulty in expansion,and uneven load.At the same time,it has better security of information storage and can realize the cross-domain authentication requirements of SWIM users with low communication costs and system overhead.KEYWORDS System-wide information management(SWIM);consortium blockchain;consistent hash;cross-domain authentication;load balancing.
文摘To achieve higher energy utilization and lower generation cost for renewable sources(e.g., wind and solar energy), much work has been focused on demand response in smart grid(SG). Nonetheless, most existing studies consider energy trading with utility company which results in high energy loss from high voltage to low voltage and privacy leakage. Besides, there are relatively few researches devoted to electricity scheduling and price optimum among households without a third party. To cope with these issues, a novel deep deterministic policy gradient(DDPG)-based energy trading method with consortium blockchain(DETCB) is introduced. Firstly, in order to enhance system security, executing energy transaction among households is on the basis of consortium blockchain, which leads to not only anonymous trade but also public account. Moreover, the primary target from the aspect of the system is apparently the maximal social welfare, thus exploiting an iterative decision-making method combined with DDPG algorithm by non-profit controllers to obtain optimal trading prices and carry out optimal electricity allocation. To this end, security analysis demonstrates that DETCB contributes to creating a secure, stable and trustful environment. Furthermore, the excellent performance concerning social welfare, algorithm efficiency, and transaction energy sum is shown by numerical results.
文摘针对多链式区块链采用主链最终共识机制,导致主链负载大,制约从链性能等问题,论文提出一种基于超图和MuSig2聚合签名的联盟链主从多链共识机制.首先根据超图理论,构建以横贯超图为主链,子超图为从链的联盟链主从多链架构;然后借鉴分治思想,结合“背书-排序-验证”的共识方式,构建分层分类共识机制,通过分类处理交易降低主链负载压力;最后构建基于MuSig2聚合签名的联盟链多方背书签名方法,提升背书签名的验证效率.性能分析表明:基于MuSig2聚合签名的联盟链多方背书签名安全可靠,基于超图和MuSig2聚合签名的分层分类共识机制具有强一致性和线性时间复杂度.实验结果表明:基于MuSig2聚合签名的多方背书方法的总效率是椭圆曲线数字签名算法(Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm,ECDSA)的1.55倍,分层分类共识机制能够提升12.5%的共识效率.该机制具有较高性能,可满足企业多样化业务需求.