Performance of Order-statistics Constant-false-alarm-rate Detector with Noncoherent Integration and Its Application to OTH Radar

Noncoherent integration is often ed for approving performance in detection of radar signal. Order-statistics constant false alarm rate (OS-CFAR) detector has some advantages in clutter and multiple target situations. AnOS-CFAN detector with noncoherent integration after Square law envelope detector is presented and an analysis of detection performance for the chi-Square family of Swerling fluctuating targets is given. Its application to the high frequency(HF) ground wave over-the-horizon (OTH) radar is discussed as well.

A Double-threshold Constant False Alarm Rate Detector And Its Performance Analysis

he cell averaging and the order statistics are two typical algorithms for constant false alarm rate detector in radar system. They have different advantages in stationary noise background and fluctuation clutter environment respectively. This paper presents a doublethreshold constant false alarm rate detector constructed on the basis of synthesizing the advantages of the two algorithms above and avioding their disadvantages. The performance of the detector is analyzed, and the simulation result is given.

Constant False Alarm Rate Acquisition Algorithm for Compass B1C Signal

In order to improve the sensitivity of the Compass B1C signal acquisition for the receiver,the principle of constant false alarm rate(CFAR)is applied for the B1C pilot channel acquisition to realize the dynamic adjustment of the threshold of acquisition against the carrier to noise ratio.The non-coherent data/pilot combined acquisition algorithm for B1C signal is analyzed to make full use of the power of the B1C signal under the condition of low carrier to noise ratio.On this basis,to improve the acquisition sensitivity of the receiver,the principle of constant false alarm probability is applied for the non-coherent data/pilot combined acquisition algorithm.Theoretical analysis and simulations show that the non-coherent data/pilot combined acquisition algorithm with CFAR improves the B1C signal acquisition sensitivity of the receiver significantly,and achieves a better Receiver Operating Characteristic compared with the traditional acquisition algorithms.

Frame Detection Based on Cyclic Autocorrelation and Constant False Alarm Rate in Burst Communication Systems

Frame detection is important in burst communication systems for its contribu- tions in frame synchronization. It locates the information bits in the received data stream at receivers. To realize frame detection in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise （AWGN） and frequency offset, a constant false alarm rate （CFAR） detector is proposed through exploitation of cyclic autocorrelation feature implied in the preamble. The frame detection can be achieved prior to bit timing recovery. The threshold setting is independent of the signal level and noise level by utilizing CFAR method. Mathematical expressions is derived in AWGN channel by considering the probability of false alarm and probability of detection, separately. Given the probability of false alarm, the mathematical relationship between the frame detection performance and EJNo of received signals is established. Ex- perimental results are also presented in accor- dance with analysis.

Switching variability index based multiple strategy CFAR detector

A switching variability index （SVl） constant false alarm rate （CFAR） detector is proposed for improving the detection performance of VI-CFAR detectors in multiple targets backgrounds. When the presence of non-homogeneity in CFAR reference windows is indicated by a VI-CFAR detector, a switching- CFAR detector is introduced to optimize the performance of the VI-CFAR detector in homogeneous, multiple targets and clutter edge backgrounds. The structure and parameters selection method of the SVI-CFAR detector is presented. Comparisons with classic CFAR detectors and recently proposed detectors are also given. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that SVICFAR detector maintains the good performance of the VI-CFAR detector in homogeneous and clutter edge backgrounds, while greatly improving the capacity of anti-multi targets.

Solution of false alarm and slow response in flame detector

A new flame detector with one ultraviolet and two infrared detectors is designed. The ultraviolet detector is of rapid response(≤10 μs) while the two infrared detectors usually have a response time of more than 5 ms. The ultraviolet detector is applied to deal with the flame of large scales. When facing the flame of mid or small scales, the three detectors cooperate. Employing the high-order derivatives of the sample data of the infrared circuits to improve the sensitivity, the response speed is greatly improved. The data of the temperature sensor is used to adjust circuit parameters in real time, thus reducing the effect of temperature drift. The flame detectors are tested at different distances and the response time is as rapid as 0.65 ms. The test results show that the new flame detector has the characteristics of high speed and a low rate of false alarms.

一种基于模糊融合规则的CFAR检测器

针对单元平均恒虚警检测器(CA-CFAR)在多目标干扰和杂波边缘效应下的性能局限,提出了基于子参考窗口中最小选择单元的恒定虚警检测器(MCA-CFAR)。通过选择子参考单元中的最小单元格,显著提升了检测器的性能,并在瑞利分布背景下详细推导了检测概率、虚警率和检测阈值。为进一步优化性能,设计了模糊逻辑融合检测器(FUMCA-CFAR),它利用两个传感器计算空间隶属函数值,并通过代数和、代数积、MAX、MIN四种规则进行融合,实现了平滑输出,减少了目标信息的丢失。仿真实验表明,基于代数和融合的FUMCA-CFAR检测器在均匀和非均匀背景下均展现出优异的检测性能和抗干扰能力。

New CFAR target detector for SAR images based on kernel density estimation and mean square error distance

A new constant false alarm rate （CFAR） target detector for synthetic aperture radar （SAR） images is developed. For each pixel under test, both the local probability density function （PDF） of the pixel and the clutter PDF in the reference window are estimated by the non-parametric density estimation. The target detector is defined as the mean square error （MSE） distance between the two PDFs. The CFAR detection in SAR images having multiplicative noise is achieved by adaptive kernel bandwidth proportional to the clutter level. In addition, for obtaining a threshold with respect to a given probability of false alarm （PFA）, an unsupervised null distribution fitting method with outlier rejection is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed target detector is demonstrated by the experiment result using the RADATSAT-2 SAR image.

Distribution-based CFAR detectors in SAR images

As traditional two-parameter constant false alarm rate （CFAR） target detec-tion algorithms in SAR images ignore target distribution, their performances are not the best or near best. As the resolution of SAR images increases, small targets present more pixels in SAR images. So the target distribution is of much significance. Distribution-based CFAR detection algorithm is presented. We unite the pixels around the test cell, and estimate the distribution of test cell by them. Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test （GLRT） is used to deduce the detectors. The performance of the distribution-based CFAR （DBCFAR） detectors is analyzed theoretically. False alarms of DBCFAR detection are fewer than those of CFAR at the same detection rate. Finally experiments are done and the results show the performance of DBCFAR is out of conventional CFAR. False alarms of DBCFAR detection are concentrated while those of CFAR detection are dispersive.

基于双边截断的双参数海上风电站SAR图像CFAR检测

文章提出了1种基于双边截断的双参数海上风电站SAR图像CFAR检测器DTCS-TPCFAR,目的是提高在具有多个目标海上区域和石油泄漏区域等环境下对海上风电站的检测性能。DTCS-TPCFAR所提出的双边截断杂波的方法,能够同时消除高强度和低强度异常值的干扰,同时保留真实的杂波样本。通过使用最大似然估计计算双边截断后样本的均值和标准差,然后通过这2个参数估计值计算出截断阈值,最后再结合指定的虚警率(Probability of False Alarm,PFA)来对测试单元(Test Cell,TC)进行判断,完成最终的目标检测。这也是首次将CFAR检测器用于检测海上风电站。文章通过Sentinel-1数据集来验证该方法的有效性。实验结果表明,文章所提出的算法在相同指定虚警率下,具有更高的检测率(Detection Rate,DR)和更低的误报率(False Alarm Rate,FAR)。

雷达自动检测和CFAR处理方法综述

对雷达自动检测和恒虚警率 (ConstantFalseAlarmRate,CFAR)处理方法进行了综述 ,介绍了研究CFAR检测的几个主要方向和发展现状。主要内容有参量检测的目标和杂波模型 ,高斯杂波背景中的CFAR检测和非高斯杂波背景中的CFAR检测 ,非参量CFAR检测。最后简单地介绍了分布式CFAR检测 ,阵列信号CFAR处理 ,极化CFAR处理等极具潜力的研究方向 ,以及现代信号处理技术在雷达自动检测中的应用。

改进的SAR图像双参数CFAR舰船检测算法

双参数CFAR检测中设置了目标窗口、保护窗口和背景窗口3个窗口,并且窗口的大小,滑动步长都要进行经验训练得到,效率低,对距离很近的舰船SAR图像会产生漏检。针对这些不足,该文提出了一种改进的双参数CFAR检测算法,该算法只取目标窗口和背景窗口,通过把泄露到背景窗口中的舰船部分去除并对背景窗口中的剩余部分进行均值和方差估计来检测舰船,并且将窗口滑动步长取为目标窗口尺寸。相对双参数CFAR算法,结构得到了简化,检测结果的虚警率减小,对距离很近的舰船不会产生漏检,计算效率得到了改善。仿真结果表明了方法的有效性。

相参雷达时频域CFAR检测门限获取方法研究

相参雷达体制下采用时频域处理的CFAR检测器面临的一个共性问题就是由于时频域杂波模型与实际不匹配,以及数据样本有限导致的模型参数无法准确估计,进而导致实际检测器性能总是与理论设计有较大差距.为此,本文通过分析相参雷达时频域恒虚警(CFAR)检测门限与虚警概率的函数关系,提出一种基于最小二乘拟合的检测门限获取方法,并给出了其工程实现途径.最后,采用实测数据对该方法进行检测性能仿真实验,实验结果表明,提出的检测门限获取方法有效可行,具有很好的工程应用前景.

基于熵特征的DRFM有源欺骗干扰CFAR检测

基于数字射频存储(digital radio frequency memory,DRFM)技术的转发式干扰的存在性检测是对抗有源欺骗干扰的前提。干扰机的相位取样量化会导致干扰信号有谐波分量的寄生。在雷达距离/速度波门内同时存在目标信号和欺骗干扰信号的情形下,利用经验模态分解(empirical model decomposition,EMD)算法分离出干扰信号谐波分量,通过提取干扰谐波分量与目标回波在时频域上能量分布特征差异,提出了一种基于时频域熵特征的有源欺骗干扰检测方法。该方法不需要估计噪声参数,且具有恒虚警(constant false-alarm rate,CFAR)特性。蒙特卡罗仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。

基于H-CFAR的SAR图像快速舰船目标检测

SAR舰船目标的快速、准确检测是SAR海洋业务化应用中的重要需求,文章提出了一种基于直方图恒虚警率(H-CFAR)的快速检测方法。该方法直接利用SAR图像的灰度直方图信息,并结合CFAR算法,实现了SAR舰船目标的检测;利用ASAR、TerraSAR和Radarsat-2数据对此方法进行了检验,结果表明,该方法与现有的K-CFAR相比,在相同的硬件条件下,能够更快更准确地实现SAR舰船目标检测。

SAR图像CFAR检测的快速算法综述

针对合成孔径雷达(Synthetic aperture radar,SAR)图像目标检测中恒虚警率(Constant false alarm rate,CFAR)算法的广泛应用,进行CFAR检测的快速算法分析具有重要研究价值.首先概述了当前国内外对SAR图像CFAR检测快速算法的研究现状;然后分别从快速预筛选和迭代计算方法两个方面对各类快速算法的实时性及性能进行了分析总结,给出了四种基本CFAR检测器的迭代计算公式,并提出了一种研究CFAR检测快速算法的基本框架,现有的快速算法均可纳入该理论框架予以分析;最后,以经典双参数CFAR检测算法为例,对该基本框架进行仿真实现和性能分析,验证了其可行性与检测性能.结果表明:新的CFAR检测快速算法基本框架充分融合了快速预筛选思想和迭代计算方法的优势,有效提高了CFAR算法在SAR图像检测应用中的执行效率.

分布式目标的子空间双门限GLRT CFAR检测

研究了分布式目标在球不变随机变量杂波中的检测问题,提出了一种具有恒虚警特性的双门限广义似然比检测器。分布式目标建模为子空间信号,在距离维和多普勒频率维同时扩展.第一门限的作用是筛选信杂比高的待检测距离单元.将选出的距离单元进行能量积累并与第二门限进行比较做出判决.假设杂波协方差矩阵已知,构造了双门限检测器,并通过推导检测器虚警概率说明其具有恒虚警特性.将基于辅助通道数据的杂波协方差矩阵的估计值替换假设已知的杂波协方差矩阵,得到一个自适应检测器.通过Monte Carlo仿真进行性能分析,说明检测器的有效性和鲁棒性.

多基地雷达中双门限CFAR检测算法

针对多基地雷达系统,该文为解决传统集中式检测算法数据传输率大的问题,根据广义似然比检测算法和自适应匹配滤波算法,提出两种双门限恒虚警率检测器:双门限广义似然比检测器和双门限自适应匹配滤波检测器。首先各个局部雷达站将超过第1门限的局部检验统计量传送到融合中心。然后融合中心根据局部雷达站传送的数据计算融合后的全局检验统计量,并与第2门限比较,得到最终的判决结果。在各空间分集通道的信杂噪比假设相同的条件下,给出了双门限自适应匹配滤波检测器的虚警概率和检测概率的解析表达式。仿真结果表明,两种双门限检测器在低数据率传输时能够保持较好的检测性能。

OSGO-和OSSO-CFAR在K分布杂波背景下的性能分析

该文证明了形状因子已知条件下OSGO-CFAR和OSSO-CFAR检测器在均匀统计独立的K分布杂波背景下具有恒虚警性能,分析了两种检测器在均匀杂波背景、杂波边缘和存在强干扰目标情况下的检测性能。并与OS-CFAR进行了比较,结果表明OSGO-CFAR在均匀杂波背景和存在强干扰目标情况下带来的附加检测损失很小, 在杂波边缘具有更好的虚警控制能力。所以,OSGO-CFAR是K分布杂波背景下一种性能比较好的恒虚警检测器。