A Study on the Correlation Between Cerebral Small Vascular Disease and Constitution Types of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Objective:To study the correlation between cerebral small vascular disease and constitution types of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).Methods:The severity of lacunar infarction and leukoaraiosis were graded in 230 patients with cerebral small vascular disease,and they were divided into TCM constitution types.The survey of TCM constitution types was carried out by using standardized TCM constitution scale,and order multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between TCM constitution types with severity of lacunar infarction and leukoaraiosis.Results:Yang-deficiency(阳虚)constitution,blood-stasis constitution and phlegm-dampness constitution were the most common TCM constitution types in patients with lacunar infarction,accounting for 33.7%,12.5%,11.5%respectively.Yang-deficiency constitution,blood-stasis constitution and Yin-deficiency(阴虚)constitution were the most common TCM constitution types in patients with leukoaraiosis,accounting for 28.8%,18.5%,13.7%respectively.There were significant differences in lacunar infarction of Yang-deficiency constitution and blood stasis constitution(P<0.05),and there were significant differences in leukoaraiosis of phlegmdampness constitution and blood-stasis constitution(P<0.05).Single factor analysis showed that the main risk factors of lacunar infarction were age,smoking,alcohol consumption,Yang-deficiency constitution and blood-stasis constitution,and the main risk factors of leukoaraiosis were age,smoking,hypertensive disease,phlegm-dampness constitution and blood-stasis constitution.The ordered multivariate Logistic regression analysis found that the severity of lacunar infarction was closely related to age,and the severity of leukoplosis was closely related to age,smoking and hypertension disease.Conclusion:TCM constitution types of lacunar infarction in patients with small cerebral vascular disease is mainly Yang-deficiency constitution and blood-stasis constitution,and the risk factors include age,smoking,alcohol consumption,Yang-deficiency constitution and blood-stasis constitution.Age is closely related with lacunar infarction.TCM constitution types with leukoaraiosis are mainly phlegm-dampness constitution and blood-stasis constitution,and the risk factors are age,smoking,hypertension disease,phlegm-dampness constitution and blood-stasis constitution.Age,smoking and hypertension disease are closely related with leukoaraiosis.

Investigation of TCM constitution in 138 patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the distribution and characteristics of TCM constitution in patients with primary biliary cholangitis(PBC). METHODS: 138 PBC patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into 3 groups according to the stage of disease development: group A(group of basic normal), group B(group of symptom stage) and group C(group of decompensation stage). Each group collected 46 cases, and every patient was reexamined, which included blood routine examination, liver function test, image ultrasound examination, autoantibody examination and immunoglobulin test. Then, the patients' clinical symptoms were observed and recorded, and their constitution of traditional Chinese medicine were classified. RESULTS:(1) For 138 patients with PBC, their TCM constitution was characterized by biased constitution, among which constitution of Qi stagnation(19.57%) was the majority, which was followed by constitution of Qi asthenia(15.94%), constitution of Yin asthenia(15.94%) and constitution of damp-heat(14.49%). There was no significant correlation between the type of constitution and the age of onset(P>0.05).(2) The constitution types of group A and B were mainly constitution of Qi stagnation, constitution of Qi asthenia and constitution of damp-heat, while group C was mainly composed of constitution of blood stasis, constitution of Yin asthenia and constitution of Yang asthenia.(3) The highest positive rate of autoantibodies in patients with PBC was constitution of Qi stagnation, which was followed by constitution of damp-heat, constitution of Yin asthenia and constitution of Qi asthenia. The most abnormal liver function and immunoglobulin were constitution of Qi stagnation, which was followed by constitution of Qi asthenia, constitution of Yin asthenia, constitution of damp-heat.CONCLUSION: Constitution of Qi stagnation, constitution of Qi asthenia, constitution of damp-heat and constitution of Yin asthenia were the susceptible constitutions of PBC patients.

Analysis of Constitutional Factors in Patients with Gallstone Disease

Objective: To summarize the common constitutional types in patients with gallstone disease and analyze influencing factors. Research Hypothesis: Qi stagnation constitution may be a potential predisposing constitution for gallstone disease, whereas the Balanced Constitution and Yin deficiency constitution have a lower tendency towards the development of the disease;gallstone disease is more prevalent among young men engaged in mental labor. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 180 patients with gallstone disease who were hospitalized in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), from July 2017 to July 2023. Additionally, 180 healthy individuals undergoing physical examinations at the Health Examination Center of the same hospital were selected as the normal control group. Both groups underwent general condition surveys, TCM constitution scales, Eysenck Personality Questionnaires, Brief Coping Styles Questionnaires, and Social Support Rating Scales to determine risk factors and common types. Results: Independent variables such as gender, Qi stagnation constitution, Balanced Constitution, negative coping scores, positive coping scores, and stressful life events were included in the model. The OR values for Balanced Constitution, gender, positive coping style, and overall social support were all less than 1, and the maximum value of the 95% confidence interval was also less than 1. After selecting the intercept into the model and analyzing the standardized regression coefficients, it was found that negative coping scores had a significant impact on the model, while stressful life events showed extremely high relevance to the study. Compared with the normal group, the frequency of Qi stagnation constitution in the study group significantly increased, with a significant difference (P χ2 = 11.109, P = 0.0009, indicating a significant difference (P χ2 = 4.0890, P = 0.0432, indicating a significant difference (P 0.05). However, when comparing mental workers with physical workers within the patient group, the frequency of Qi stagnation constitution in mental workers was significantly higher, with χ2 = 6.8467, P = 0.012, indicating a significant difference (P Conclusion: Qi stagnation constitution is a potential predisposing constitution for gallstone disease, whereas the tendency to develop the disease is relatively low for Balanced Constitution and Yin deficiency constitution. Gallstone disease is more commonly found in young male mental workers.

An unsymmetric constitutive equation for anisotropic viscoelastic fluid

A continuum constitutive theory of corotational derivative type is developed for the anisotropic viscoelastic fluid-liquid crystalline （LC） polymers. A concept of anisotropic viscoelastic simple fluid is introduced. The stress tensor instead of the velocity gradient tensor D in the classic Leslie-Ericksen theory is described by the first Rivlin-Ericksen tensor A and a spin tensor W measured with respect to a co-rotational coordinate system. A model LCP-H on this theory is proposed and the characteristic unsymmetric behaviour of the shear stress is predicted for LC polymer liquids. Two shear stresses thereby in shear flow of LC polymer liquids lead to internal vortex flow and rotational flow. The conclusion could be of theoretical meaning for the modern liquid crystalline display technology. By using the equation, extrusion-extensional flows of the fluid are studied for fiber spinning of LC polymer melts, the elongational viscosity vs. extension rate with variation of shear rate is given in figures. A considerable increase of elongational viscosity and bifurcation behaviour are observed when the orientational motion of the director vector is considered. The contraction of extru- date of LC polymer melts is caused by the high elongational viscosity. For anisotropic viscoelastic fluids, an important advance has been made in the investigation on the constitutive equation on the basis of which a seriesof new anisotropic non-Newtonian fluid problems can be addressed.

Influence of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution Type on the Susceptibility of Hypertensive Cases to Intracerebral Haemorrhage

Objective：To explore the influence of Chinese medicine constitution type on the susceptibility of hypertensive patients to intracerebral haemorrhage.Methods：Primary hypertensive patients were studied and divided into the hypertension and the hypertensive intracerebral haemorrhage groups,depending on whether or not the patients had intracerebral haemorrhage.The demographic characteristics,physiological characteristics,living habits,biochemical tests,other chronic diseases,Chinese medicine constitution type,etc.were collected and compared between the two groups.The neurological deficit in the hypertensive intracerebral haemorrhage group was also compared among the different constitution types.Results：A total of 304 patients participated in this investigation,including 213 cases in the hypertension group and 91 cases in the hypertensive intracerebral haemorrhage group.The percentages of dampness-heat and qi-depression types in the intracerebral haemorrhage group were greater than those with the same types in the hypertension group（20.9%vs 6.1%,22.0%vs 8.0%;P〈0.05）.The percentages of each constitution type were different between genders in both groups.In addition,there were more male cases（14/20） with qi-depression type and more female cases（7/8） with phlegm-dampness type in the hypertensive intracerebral haemorrhage group than those with the same types（3/17 and 9/34,respectively） in the hypertension group（P〈0.05）.The cases with phlegm-dampness and qi-depression types had greater levels of blood lipids in the intracerebral haemorrhage group than those with the same types in the hypertension group（P〈0.05）.Furthermore,the cases with the qi-deficiency type presented with a more severe neurological deficit than those with the other types（P〈0.05）.Conclusions：Chinese medicine constitution type might have an impact on the susceptibility of hypertensive patients to have an intracerebral haemorrhage.The heat-dampness and qi-depression types might lead to greater susceptibility than the other types.In addition,the patient＇s gender and blood lipids might also influence the susceptibility along with the constitution type.