Application of Resource-Efficient Elements in the Construction of Conservation-minded Garden

By analyzing the concept of conservation-minded garden,connotations of such gardens and their significance for the garden construction are specified.From the perspectives of spatial layout,compound planting pattern,tridimensional greening,terrain processing,utilization of underground spaces,the significance of resource-efficient elements in the construction of conservation-minded garden is respectively discussed.This study proposes that spatial layout of the conservation-minded garden should build vertical transportation,save green spaces,take terrain features into consideration,expand three-dimensional spaces,reasonably plan road network,and improve utilization rate of green spaces;advantages of the compound planting pattern are analyzed;tridimensional greening pattern is analyzed from the perspectives of roof greening and vertical greening;concepts of "core" and "surface" are highlighted in terrain processing;land-saving efficiency of underground garage and market are introduced in terms of the utilization of underground spaces.Design cases are taken as examples to summarize the application of resource-efficient elements to better serve the landscaping industry and provide references for the construction of conservation-minded garden.

Study on the Design of Conservation-minded Gardens

Based on the ancient Chinese doctrine of "less is gain,more is confusion",and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe's architectural concept "less is more",connotations of "less is more" in the conservation-minded gardens were analyzed from the perspective of design and culture.Taking Tanghe Park in Qinhuangdao City,Landschaftspark Duisburg-Nord,Lingering Garden in Suzhou and Jiangyangpan Eco-park for example,this study stressed the creation of maximum urbanization effects and the most vivid urban landscapes via the least materials,investment,design and human interventions,and analyzed the application of "less is more" in conservationminded garden design.

Construction of Monastery Garden Landscapes in Northern Shaanxi Province of China

In view of the present construction of monastery garden landscapes in northern Shaanxi,landscape features were pointed out as:harsh natural environment of monastery garden,dual functions of religion and tourism,large spatial capacity of architectural complex,long history and profound cultures,and also working as botanic gardens.Problems in these monastery gardens were proposed as:poor overall landscaping design,insufficient plants of religious cultures,lacking in artistic plant furnishings showing ornamental effects and seasonal aspects of plants,plant furnishings failed to show cultural characteristics of northern Shaanxi,poor diversity and improper ratio of plant furnishings,attaching insufficient importance to vertical greening,similar plant communities.On the basis of investigating characteristics and problems of monastery garden landscapes in northern Shaanxi,layouts and plant furnishings of incense roads,religious sectors and living sectors in those gardens were analyzed,suitable plant species were given as references,so as to explore new landscape modes of "human-nature oneness" and provide useful experience for the landscape construction of monastery gardens in Shaanxi.

Analysis of Textbook "Garden Plant Protection" Construction in Agricultural and Forestry Universities or Higher Vocational Colleges

The survey of textbook 'Garden Plant Protection' was introduced in this study,and the necessity of textbook 'Garden Plant Protection' construction in agricultural and forestry universities or higher vocational colleges was also analyzed.Aimed at the status of textbook 'Garden Plant Protection' construction in agricultural and forestry universities or higher vocational colleges,the corresponding ideas for its construction were put forward.

Enlightenment on the Construction of Modern Urban Plazas from Classical Chinese Gardens

Researches on modern urban plazas in China were reviewed,phenomena caused by the shortage of proper theoretical guidance such as blind imitation and fixed forms of urban plazas were pointed out,and it was emphasized that researches on urban plazas with Chinese characteristics should be enhanced.By analyzing features of traditional western plazas and classical Chinese gardens,this study proposed that by combining with their practical functions the construction of modern urban plazas in China should maintain traditional concepts and aesthetic characteristics of Chinese people on the basis of satisfying demands of the public to the best.The enlightenment on the construction of modern urban plazas from classical Chinese gardens was particularly analyzed,the application of garden aesthetics,components,and landscaping methods of classical Chinese gardens were highlighted,and moreover,it was put forward that the relationship between human and human,human and society,human and nature implied in classical Chinese gardens would surely bring profound inspiration to urban plazas.

PRACTICE AND KNOWLEDGE ABOUT RECONSTRUCTION DESIGN OF TRADITIONAL BUILDINGS AND GARDENS

In this paper,the author sums up some essential knowledge from the practiceabout rebuilding traditional buildings and gardens in which the author has been engagedrecently.The view points are that one should discard the dross and select the essential,re-tain the symbolic form,grasp the overall style,embody local characteristics and space outthe distance of time and space between the new and old buildings.Finally,the author con-siders that the traditional form of buildings should not be used indiscriminately at allplaces in modern times.

Analysis of Construction Techniques of Huishan Garden in Wuxi City,China

History of Huishan Garden in Wuxi City was introduced,spatial layout design of the garden analyzed.Its two functional areas(ancestral hall building area and affiliated garden area) mainly adopted the inward layout.Landscaping elements of the garden were particularly analyzed,it was proposed that the garden adopted intensive water layout,that is,the static waterscape design;its rockeries were all designed by water,showing perfect site selection,modeling and function;garden buildings were mostly designed in Huizhou style and in low density;landscape design involved diversified plant species,dominated by evergreen species and decorated by deciduous arbors.The author also summarized the utilization of landscaping techniques in Huishan Garden,including borrowed scenery,enframed scenery and obstructive scenery.

Design and Construction of Grape Theme Sightseeing Garden

Taking the grape theme sightseeing garden of Hebei Academy of Forestry Sciences for example,this article discusses the suitable edible and wine making cultivation varieties,vineyard frame and cultivation techniques in the grape theme sightseeing garden,from the perspective of planning and design. The garden landscape design and construction is integrated with sightseeing and garden visiting to highlight the theme of grape sightseeing garden,aimed at achieving purposes of sightseeing,picking,appreciating the beautiful scenery,and enjoying palatable food.

Construction of Pomegranate Specialized Garden in Hefei Botanical Garden and Analysis on the Application of Pomegranate Varieties

Through an overview of the construction and development process of the pomegranate specialized garden in Hefei Botanical Garden,the collection and application status of the pomegranate varieties in the specialized garden were introduced,and the significance of the construction of the pomegranate specialized garden and the related problems that exist and need to be solved urgently were analyzed.This paper put forward suggestions and solutions for the better application of pomegranate varieties in Hefei,laying a foundation for the later research on pomegranate.

Strategies for the Construction of Vernacular Landscape in Urban Gardens

Vernacular landscape is the carrier of traditional techniques and local culture.The construction of vernacular landscape has gradually become the basic direction of modern urban garden design.Based on the analysis of the extraction and application of vernacular landscape elements,the application forms and design principles of each element in urban gardens are pointed out.At the same time,taking the artistic expression method of integrating vernacular landscape elements into garden landscape as the starting point and combining with case analysis,the design principles and main planning points of building vernacular landscape are put forward,and some strategies for the construction and protection of vernacular landscape in the planning of garden landscape in different regions are proposed.

A Brief Analysis of Successful Experience of French Classical Gardens for the Construction of Chinese Gardens

This paper reviews the course of the development of the French garden system,interprets the French gardening techniques and characteristics,and analyzes its features,as well as the classical garden works at that time.Through the analysis of the concept of French garden construction,the prospect of Chinese garden construction is finally foreseen.

真实与虚像:探析江南历史园林的当代复建

【目的】20世纪50年代以来,江南各地多有对残损或消失的历史园林的复建,这些园林构成了传统园林在当代延续的一部分。另外,园林的文本化、文人化特征促生了园林历史中兴废演替的一种传统方式,即由文人主导的基于文本的再造。有必要结合这一传统,厘清江南历史园林当代复建的特点与意义。【方法】聚焦当代复建的历史园林,通过对江南地区的案例开展文献与实地调研,剖析并区分复建的动机与策略,进一步分析典型案例的复建方法。【结果】揭示了园林传统、遗产理念、当代文化等多维度的影响,进而探讨了园林风格、园林类型、真实性等方面存在的问题与挑战。【结论】复建园林作为历史真实的虚像,是传统园林文化的重要表征,在复建信息真实以及准确展示的基础上,可以发挥多元的价值。

广州传统城市景观营建智慧研究

中国传统城市景观营建智慧是彰显中华文明独特性与文化多样性的审美文化表达。广州特殊的地理位置演变出辐射整个岭南的独特景观营建模式,表现出各朝代景观特色与观景偏好,记载了不同时期自然景致与人文思想的碰撞交融。文章对宋朝至清朝时期广州传统城市景观营建变迁展开研究,系统阐释了影响区域城市景观营建的多尺度多维度因素。借鉴审美适应性理论从山水演变、形胜认识、空间布局等方面阐释基于营建主体的广州传统城市景观营建智慧。文章对解读和传承中华城市景观营建传统具有理论与实践的探索意义。

阆苑瑶台与广庭大众:北京西郊乐善园百年格局变迁刍议

相对北京旧城和三山五园地区丰富的研究,联结这两个区域的长河流域甚少得到关注。乐善园作为长河沿岸重要皇家园林,从乾隆朝到晚清百年间经历了显著变迁。本文在历史史料与文献梳理的基础上,通过可视化再现等手段,分析乐善园不同时期的营建背景与营建特色,并关注该园格局在造园者心境及复杂历史地理背景双重作用下的变化历程,这种更迭反映了当时的社会背景,亦是京郊诸多同类园林更替的缩影。本文以期见微知著,借以探讨这一历史时期北京城市发展格局的演变,并为乐善园以及北京西郊外同类型园林此后所经历的近代化转型提供历史层面佐证。

遵《园冶》之法·构“坐隐”之式——图文中的坐隐园之营造特征探考

中国传统园林的遗产保护要关注地域化风格的传承。选取徽州地区坐隐园为研究对象,以图文资料为研究依据,探究徽州造园的特征。坐隐园地处徽州休宁县汪村,建于明代万历年间,由戏曲作家、出版家汪廷讷出资建造。从版画《环翠堂园景图》和文集《坐隐先生全集》的描述中提炼坐隐园造园信息,以明代造园专著《园冶》中的理论与原则为指导,分别从相地选址、构园、建筑营造及山水建构几个方面重点分析徽州园林营造,总结坐隐园的风格与特征。坐隐园既遵循中国传统造园的统一之“法”,又呈现徽州园林的多变之“式”。对之探讨以扩充对徽州园林的研究内容,可对徽州园林的相关研究有所启示。

双学科协同建设背景下园林特色专业综合改革探索与实践——以甘肃农业大学为例

园林是构建生态文明、实现美丽中国的重要力量。甘肃农业大学园林专业依托特色专业建设和专业综合改革等项目,充分发挥林学、风景园林学双学科协同发展、相融互补的优势,制定双学科渗透融合的人才培养方案,构建区域和学科特色鲜明的多元化课程体系,形成“四位一体”的开放式实践教学平台,培养学生多学科共融的创新思维方式和较强的专业实践能力,为西北地区城乡园林绿地建设提供有力的技术和人才支撑。

当代江南私家园林中传统山水营造的传承与发展

【目的】当代江南地区的私家园林正在持续繁荣发展之中,因它对营造传统的继承与发展最为紧密地结合着生活现实而具有认知价值,需要探究其兴造状况、面貌特点、方法取向等方面的问题,改变相关学术研究还较为缺乏的局面。【方法】结合文献、考察、访谈等多方面资料,从理论、现状、营造3个层面对当代江南私家园林中传统山水营造的传承与发展进行初步探讨。【结果】基本理论层面,私家园林的概念范围应包含更大量的民间自发造园,形态以相对小型的庭园为多,核心特征是以叠山理石为显著标志的山水营造;兴造现状层面,当代江南私家园林自改革开放以后复苏,近年趋向全面兴盛,山水营造也是其中显著特征;具体营造层面,既有对叠山理石传统的丰富传承,也有新思路的引入而使传统得到创新发展。【结论】对当代江南私家园林中传统山水营造的传承与发展的认识,不仅可加深对现实的理解,也可为更大范围的当代风景园林实践提供极具活力的源泉。

哈尔滨花园街“静态保存”到“动态保全”的社区营造

通过分析花园街存在的现状问题,论述花园街应从“静态保存”到“动态保全”的必要转变,强调社区营造对花园街“动态保全”的必要性,构建花园街“动态保全”的社区营造,提出“人、文、地、产、景”的五大方面的社区营造策略,实现花园街多方位的文化建设,最终带动城市的更新升级。

泰山灵岩寺园林格局营建研究

泰山灵岩寺是现存唐宋山地佛寺中处理“寺-山”关系的规划设计重要案例,也是泰山风景名胜体系的重要组成部分,其相应的园林格局营建过程、方法和逻辑需要深入探究。灵岩寺园林营建受独特的山水格局影响,逐渐形成了以“背方山、面象山”的寺院为核心、方山内外风景点环绕、面积广阔的园林格局。通过实地调研、史料梳理和图像分析,首先发现灵岩峪具有2层山势环抱、山泉散点分布的山水格局;其次将灵岩寺园林格局的营建过程分为草创期、成形期、丰富期和修复期,并分析其不同时期的营建方法与格局特征;最后总结出灵岩寺园林格局的营建逻辑和4条营建经验。以期提供传统山地寺庙园林规划设计的历史经验,为泰山风景名胜遗产保护提供历史依据。

由学生自主营造一个全要素雨水花园的困难与经验

校园营造是指在校园内以师生为主体的参与式设计行动。北京大学自2016年开始尝试学生自主参与校园建设的路径,初步形成了以学生社团为平台、多专业学生合作、多方参与,从被动邀请到主动发起的校园建设模式,探索出由学生主导完成从策划、设计、建造到运营的校园空间更新改造的全程参与经验。以其中一个由学生自主营造的全要素雨水花园的营造过程为例,总结了按照PBL要求的学生自主营造中遇到的困难和经验,详细分析了激发和维护学生自主性的策略,为在建成环境中增建雨水花园和更广泛的自主参与式营造提供了可借鉴的行业经验。