Intelligent Sensing and Control of Road Construction Robot Scenes Based on Road Construction

Automatic control technology is the basis of road robot improvement,according to the characteristics of construction equipment and functions,the research will be input type perception from positioning acquisition,real-world monitoring,the process will use RTK-GNSS positional perception technology,by projecting the left side of the earth from Gauss-Krueger projection method,and then carry out the Cartesian conversion based on the characteristics of drawing;steering control system is the core of the electric drive unmanned module,on the basis of the analysis of the composition of the steering system of unmanned engineering vehicles,the steering system key components such as direction,torque sensor,drive motor and other models are established,the joint simulation model of unmanned engineering vehicles is established,the steering controller is designed using the PID method,the simulation results show that the control method can meet the construction path demand for automatic steering.The path planning will first formulate the construction area with preset values and realize the steering angle correction during driving by PID algorithm,and never realize the construction-based path planning,and the results show that the method can control the straight path within the error of 10 cm and the curve error within 20 cm.With the collaboration of various modules,the automatic construction simulation results of this robot show that the design path and control method is effective.

An Investigation of Exoskeleton Robotic Systems in Assisting Construction Tasks*

Whilst industrial robots have been widely used in many industrial sectors, they are predominantly used in a structured factory environment. In recent years, off-site robotics have been investigated extensively and there are some promising candidates emerging. One such category of robots is exoskeleton robots and this paper provides an in-depth assessment of their suitability in assisting human operators in undertaking manual operations typically found in the construction industry. This work aims to objectively assess the advantages and disadvantages of these two suits and provide recommendations for further improvements of similar system designs. The paper focuses on the passive exoskeleton robotic suits which are commercially available. Three types of activities are designed and a mechatronic methodology has been designed and implemented to capture visual data in order to assess these systems in comparison with normal human operations. The study suggests that these passive suits do reduce the effort required by human operators to undertake the same construction tasks as evidenced by the results from one focused study, though a number of improvements could be made to improve their performance for wider adoption.

Research on the Application of Construction Robots in the Context of Construction Industrialization

Based on the original construction technology,construction robots are realized by integrating industrial information technology,and construction robots are used to replace manual labor in completing construction projects.China’s research on construction robots is still in its early stages.Research efforts need to be increased in order to promote better applications of construction robots.To this end,by analyzing the application of modern construction robots,we conduct a comprehensive study on the development of construction robots to ensure that construction robots can be widely used in the future.

FORCE FEEDBACK MODEL OF ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC SERVO TELE-OPERATION ROBOT BASED ON VELOCITY CONTROL

The tele-operation robotic system which consists of an excavator as the construction robot, and two joysticks for operating the robot from a safe place are useful for performing restoration in damaged areas. In order to accomplish a precise task, the operator needs to feel a realistic sense of task force brought about from a feedback force between the fork glove of slave robot and unfamiliar environment. A novel force feedback model is proposed based on velocity control of cylinder to determine environment force acting on fork glove. Namely, the feedback force is formed by the error of displacement of joystick with velocity and driving force of piston, and the gain is calculated by the driving force and threshold of driving force of hydraulic cylinder. Moreover, the variable gain improved algorithm is developed to overcome the defect for grasping soft object. Experimental results for fork glove freedom of robotic system are provided to demonstrate the developed algorithm is available for grasping soft object.

Optimization of Path Planning for Construction Robots Based on Multiple Advanced Algorithms

There are many processes involved in construction, it is necessary to optimize the path planning of construction robots. Most researches focused more on optimization algorithms, but less on comparative analysis based on the advantages and shortcomings of these algorithms. Therefore, the innovation of this paper is to analyze three advanced optimization algorithms (genetic algorithm, hybrid particle swarm algorithm and ant colony algorithm) and discuss how these algorithms can improve the optimization performance by adjusting parameters. Finally, the three algorithms are compared and analyzed to find an optimization algorithm that is suitable for path planning optimization of construction robots. The purpose of the optimization is to obtain the maximum benefit with the least cost and complete project in an efficient and economical way.

Localization of Mobile Robot Aided for Large-Scale Construction Based on Optimized Artificial Landmark Map in Ongoing Scene

The effectiveness of mobile robot aided for architectural construction depends strongly on its accurate localization ability.Localization of mobile robot is increasingly important for the printing of buildings in the construction scene.Although many available studies on the localization have been conducted,only a few studies have addressed the more challenging problem of localization for mobile robot in large-scale ongoing and featureless scenes.To realize the accurate localization of mobile robot in designated stations,we build an artificial landmark map and propose a novel nonlinear optimization algorithm based on graphs to reduce the uncertainty of the whole map.Then,the performances of localization for mobile robot based on the original and optimized map are compared and evaluated.Finally,experimental results show that the average absolute localization errors that adopted the proposed algorithm is reduced by about 21%compared to that of the original map.

Mobileman,Construction Agile Goods Delivery Robot

The traditional automated guided vehicle(AGV) on goods delivery faces the challenges when task space expands beyond 2 D plans. 3 D environments such as uneven terrain, ramps, and staircase are typical in construction site. Thus, the key to introducing this technology into construction industry is to improve AGV’s stability and autonomous navigation ability in more complex three-dimensional environments. In this paper, mobileman, a novel tracked autonomous guide vehicle, is introduced. Compared with other construction robots, mobileman maximizes its load capacity on the basis of assuring accessibility. Furthermore, its modular designs and self-balancing platform enable it to cope with more complex challenging scenarios, such as staircase with 35-degree sloped staircase, while another modular design featured automated loading and unloading functionality. The mobile base specifications were presented in section two, and modular designs and exploration of the navigation system on construction site were illustrated in the rest of sections.

Research on the Construction of Robot Curriculum Module under the Background of New Engineering

Under the background of the construction of new engineering and the strategy of “making China 2025”, the society has also put forward new requirements for the personnel training of mechanical specialties. Therefore, combining the training goal of mechanical design, manufacturing and automation in Beijing (Beijing), it is necessary to cultivate new direction and cultivate new growth point for “old” mechanical specialty. And social and economic development has a very important significance.

基于激光雷达的自主移动机器人实验教学平台设计

为培养高素质复合型的“新工科”人才,满足相关课程的实验教学需求,设计了基于激光雷达的自主移动机器人实验教学平台。平台涉及机械设计、机器人操作系统开发、同时定位与地图构建(SLAM)、路径规划等相关理论知识。利用平台开发了Rviz可视化界面、SLAM仿真、室外建图、路径规划等实验项目。实验结果表明,自主移动机器人软硬件系统的基本性能良好,相关SLAM算法、路径规划方法具有可行性。通过该平台开展实验教学,可以显著提升学生解决工程实际问题能力和创新实践能力。

实测实量机器人自动化测量的应用分析

在建筑行业中,如何通过智能化设备为项目工程建设全面赋能成为了行业的关注重点。目前,已有多款用于施工现场的建筑机器人面世,相对于传统人工,建筑机器人具有更智能化、更安全、更高效、更绿色的优势。新昌县人民医院迁建工程项目选用其中的实测实量机器人用于工程现场实测实量、质量验收工作,证明其便捷性、准确性和实用性,具有良好的推广应用价值,提升项目智能建造水平,助力推广智能建造技术应用。

智能建造机器人局部路径规划研究综述

智能建造机器人作为落实建筑业智能化转型的关键设备,其自主施工能力代表着智能建造的水平,而局部路径规划是机器人高效施工的关键技术。针对建筑施工现场的环境特点,探究了智能建造机器人局部路径规划的难点。首先分析阐述了人工势场、时间弹性带、Bug、动态窗口等经典局部路径规划算法;其次对强化学习、深度强化学习、模糊控制、群智能等人工智能的局部路径规划算法进行了归纳总结;最后分析了各种方法在施工现场环境中智能建造机器人应用的局限性,讨论了智能建造机器人局部路径规划算法的发展趋势,旨在为复杂施工现场智能建造机器人局部路径规划研究提供一定的思路和建议,提高机器人的自主施工能力,促进智能建造技术的发展。

美欧日建筑机器人项目资助特点研究

以建筑机器人为主要研究对象,基于美国国家科学基金会(NSF)的项目数据库、欧盟框架计划项目数据库以及日本竞争性研究经费与科研费(KAKENHI)数据库中的建筑机器人项目数据,从项目数量、承担机构、资助金额、技术方向、项目类型等角度考察美国、欧洲和日本对建筑机器人的政府资助情况。结果表明,三个国家和地区表现出不同的建筑机器人项目资助特点,美国为高度密集、鼓励前沿探索,欧洲为高投入、重视应用开发,日本为长周期、以基础研究为主。

高职工业机器人技术专业课程体系构建与实践

通过对工业机器人应用编程技能等级证书政策和标准要求进行分析、解构,结合国内产业现状和职业岗位需求,文章从专业核心课程设置、专业课程设置以及专业拓展课程设置等方面进行了专业课程体系重构。在这个过程中,将证书培训考核内容融入专业课程,形成2条连贯主线构成的课程体系,使得课程内容相互衔接、补充和扩展,同时新的课程体系充分融入了职业技能等级证书培训考核的内容。这为后续证书的考核认证奠定了基础,对于高职工业机器人专业人才培养方案的课程设置具有一定的借鉴作用。

基于情景模拟标准的儿童玩具危害源识别研究

国家标准GB/T 39108-2020《消费品安全危害识别情景模拟法》提出了运用虚拟现实技术搭建伤害场景,开展危害识别的方法。本文以儿童玩具智能机器人为例,运用该标准所提出的情景模拟法进行危害场景构建,识别出产品的主要危害源为小零件、激光、弹射动能,为企业优化产品设计提升产品质量安全水平提供指引。

复杂场景下集成协作式木结构智能建造技术

为提高木结构建造技术数字化水平,将已有工艺与机械臂运动系统相结合,形成数字化建造工具系统。以切割、开榫、铣削及开孔四种工艺为例,对木结构数字建造技术进行剖析与设计,辅以建造装备系统、控制系统形成高度集成化的加工系统,借助可视化编程技术手段对工具系统运动轨迹、几何数据分析、自动适配工具及路径自动规划进行标准程序开发,选取斗拱结构进行建造实践。结果表明:所提出的加工系统可精确、高效完成非标准化、定制化异形结构建造任务,开发的标准程序实现了建构逻辑集成化应用,输入构件模型可自动生成机械臂可识别路径,通过实际建造验证了加工系统和标准程序的可行性及适用性。

抹灰机器人在小户型租赁住房项目中的应用研究

针对墙面传统抹灰工艺,提出了一种新型的机器人抹灰施工方法。以某小户型租赁住房项目为例,对施工工艺原理以及重点操作流程进行了详细介绍。通过进度以及质量实测数据对比,分析了该抹灰施工机器人与传统抹灰工艺优缺点。相较于传统抹灰工艺,采用抹灰机器人能大幅度提高施工效率以及墙面的整体品质。采用抹灰机器人的性价比较好,具有良好的社会推广价值。

掘进机器人视觉定位及巷道地图重构技术研究

在实现煤矿掘进工作面智能化和无人化方面,巷道环境的构建以及掘进机器人的准确定位至关重要。考虑到井下空间狭小、设备众多以及光线不足等限制因素,实现对巷道环境和设备的可视化变得复杂。解决这一难题的关键在于精准地勘测井下环境,实现设备的精确定位。以煤矿掘进机器人为研究对象,对巷道的三维重建和掘进机器人的定位问题进行了深入分析。通过比较不同的掘进机器人定位和建图方案,确定了适用于煤矿巷道的整体方案。该方案综合运用了单目视觉、激光雷达等多种传感器,为解决掘进机器人定位和巷道环境构建等难题提供了应对策略。

激光雷达SLAM下移动机器人双目视觉全局定位

移动机器人在未知环境中执行任务时,需精准感知地图环境和其他物体位置,确定其自身位置。为了提高移动机器人的全局定位精度,提出激光雷达SLAM下移动机器人双目视觉全局定位方法。依据双目视觉系统测距原理,选取双目摄像机中的任意一个相机建立主坐标系,构建双目摄像机模型,结合棋盘图与张正友标定法,标定双目摄像机中参数。在此基础上,计算单帧图像特征点的尺度,完成双目视觉初始化,利用权重函数计算任意一个特征点与线、与面之间的加权值和距离值,估计移动机器人的位置,引入非迭代畸变补偿方法,完成对移动机器人的全局定位。测试结果表明,所提方法的定位结果与实际运动位置之间的最小误差为0.1 m,该方法可以精准定位到移动机器人位置,指导移动机器人更好地执行作业任务。

机器人技术在智能建造中的应用与发展现状

随着数字技术的发展,智能建造应运而生,智能建造离不开机器人技术。依据机器人的工作方式,综述了固定型机器人、移动型机器人和智能型机器人在智能建造中的应用与发展现状,同时从结构设计及材料、控制系统及方法、传感器和终端执行器方面,指出应用于智能建造中机器人发展的关键技术。