Factors influencing the occupational well-being of experienced nurses

Objectives:To determine the factors influencing the occupational well-being of experienced nurses.Methods:We interviewed eight experienced nurses using an exploratory,semi-structured interview.Results:The interviews revealed five themes that influenced occupational well-being in experienced nurses:(1)external occupational recognition;(2)internal career expectation and occupational value;(3)workenvironment;(4)family support;and(5)occupationalplanningand payment.When the nurses were not recognized by patients or clients,their family,colleague and leaders,their well-being was negatively impacted.However,the harmonious work environments and friendly interpersonal relationships positively impacted their well-being.Conclusion:By identifying the factors that contribute to a nurse's occupational well-being,the nursing management is better able to address the nurse's needs to maintain a positive well-being.This in turn will decrease the burnout and increase retention of experienced nurses,which will raise the quality of patient care.

Analysis on Occupational Well-being Status and Influencing Factors of Medical Staff in Tuberculosis Departments

Objective:To investigate the status of occupational well-being of medical staff in tuberculosis department and analyze its influencing factors,so as to provide a basis for improving the occupational well-being of medical staff in tuberculosis department.Methods:In May 2020,we adopted the method of cluster sampling to select staff members from the tuberculosis departments of the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University and infectious disease hospital.A total of 139 medical staff were recruited as the research subjects,and were investigated using medical staff occupational well-being scale.Results:The total score of occupational well-being was 76.4697 points,There were statistically significant differences(P<0.05)in occupational well-being score among tuberculosis medical staff with different age,years of work,job title,night shift,marital status,and occupational type.The influencing factors of occupational well-being were the night shift,years of work,occupational type,and marital status(P<0.05).Conclusion:The overall level of occupational well-being of tuberculosis medical staffs is moderate,and occupational well-being is affected by night shift,years of work,occupational type and marital status.It is recommended that managers take targeted measures to improve the occupational well-being of tuberculosis medical staff.

An Assessment of Occupational Health and Safety Regulations in Ghana: A Study of the Construction Industry

Occupational health and safety continues to be a major component of the built environment. The study investigates the effectiveness of occupational health and safety laws and regulations in the construction industry in Ghana and identifies the influencing factors. Face-to-face interviews were conducted among 49 stakeholders from four relevant groups—regulatory institutions, consultants, contractors, artisans and labourers. The findings of the study suggest that the existing occupational health and safety legal and regulatory framework is barely effective. Stakeholders were aware of the existence of some laws and regulations but mostly could not identify the specific laws and their relevant contents. Consequently, compliance is found to be irregular. The key recurring factors affecting effectiveness of occupational health and safety laws and regulations include: negligence and lack of priority for occupational health and safety, lack of training, lack of funds for occupational health and safety, lack of capacity of regulatory and supervisory institutions, and lack of occupational health and safety education within construction firms. The findings of the study are foundational in strategic interventions aimed at improving compliance with occupational health and safety laws and regulations in the construction industry of Ghana.

Exploring Personal Factors That Might Influence the Vulnerability of Construction Employees to Occupational Psychological Disorders

Personal factors could act as intervening variables between the causes and effects of psychological health conditions of employees. This study focused on six personal intervening factors that were associated with the risks of occupational psychological disorders namely: low self-esteem, negative personality trait, unproductive core beliefs, poor self-concept evaluation on performance, poor relationship with others and poor time management skills. An investigation on the level of severity of these personal intervening factors was conducted involving 150 construction professionals and 150 construction trade workers, who were purposively selected in Ghana. The personal factors that were found to be prevalent among the construction employees were low self-esteem and poor time management skills. Correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to determine the relationships between the personal intervening factors and demographic factors such as the age, educational levels and marital status of the research participants. The results of the study indicated that the age and marital status of the respondents had no significant relationship with any of the personal intervening factors. Personal factors such as personality trait and relationship with others also had no relation with any of the demographic factors analyzed. The educational level of the respondents, however, had a significant relationship with the factors of self-esteem, productive core beliefs, self-evaluation on performance and time management skills. An independent two-sample T-test was used to compare the means of the factors with significant relations. This study revealed that construction employees who were highly educated had better self-esteem and time management skills than those who were less educated. The findings from this study broaden the view of moderators on influential sources of psychological health conditions of employees.

Coping Strategies Adopted by Construction Employees to Deal with the Causes and Effects of Occupational Psychological Disorders: A Study in Ghana

Coping strategies adopted to deal with psychological health issues could have influences on the general health, productivity and task performance of the employee. This study sought to investigate the coping strategies adopted by construction employees to deal with the causes and effects of occupational psychological disorders such as burnout and workaholism. To achieve this aim, the methods of focus group discussions were first employed. A total of 16 semi-structured focus group discussions were held in Ghana, with 90 construction employees. The focus group study revealed 25 coping strategies adopted as efforts to mitigate the causes and 22 coping strategies adopted as responses to moderate the effects of occupational psychological disorders. A quantitative study involving 150 construction professionals and 150 construction trade workers were also conducted in Ghana to investigate the coping strategies that were highly adopted by the two construction working groups. The findings from the study revealed that the construction professionals adopted delegating complicated tasks and seeking medical attention as the most common coping strategies to manage the causes and effects respectively. The construction trade workers were also revealed to adopt withdrawing from work duties or changing jobs and taking in more caffeinated drinks as the most common coping strategies to manage the causes and effects respectively. Exploratory factor analysis was employed, and the findings were put into the main constructs. The causes focused coping strategies were categorized under avoidance, alteration, adaptation, and acceptance. The effects focused coping strategies were also categorized under healthy and unhealthy coping strategies. This study recommends appropriate coping strategies and interventions in the construction industry such as education of construction personnel on the consequences of various coping strategies.

Construction Safety and Occupational Health Education in Egypt, the EU, and US Firms

The construction industry has been considered an accident prone industry. Alarming statistics indicate thatthe construction industry accounts for 55,000 fatal injuries each year. That is because construction sites are often filled with potential hazards that can lead to serious injury or death. Responsibility for these injuries may be attributed to a variety of individuals including owners, contractors or subcontractors, engineers, equipment manufacturers, and architects. This mandated a new safety culture to emerge resulting in a decline in the incidence rate of all recordable nonfatal injury and illness for construction workers. This study explores the safety culture encountered in twolarge construction companies in the USA and Egypt, over the last five years. Comparison of the results recorded in both companies was also conducted. The study also investigated the benefits of focusing on the occupational health in the construction field in Egypt and USA. In addition to the literature review, the research methodology used for this study was inspired by the Contextual Design (CD) Methodology. The study indicated thepositive impact of implementing safety programs on significantly reducing the recordable injuries. It also showed the benefits of focusing on occupational health and wellness, training, and education of workers.

Work-Related Accidents on a Hospital Construction Site in Benin

Introduction: Work-related accidents are frequent and serious in the construction sector. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency and factors associated with occupational accidents on the construction site of a referral hospital in Benin. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample size was calculated using the Schwartz form adjusted for the number of workers on site and was 129 workers. Random sampling was used. The dependent variable was work-related accidents. The other variables were socio-demographic and occupational characteristics. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey. Medians and proportions were calculated. An association was sought using Chi-square and Fisher tests with a threshold of p Results: A total of 132 workers were included. Their median age was 30 years with an ITQ of [27 - 38];men were the most represented 126 (95.45%) with a level of education higher than or equal to high school in 101 (76.52%) and in the majority with a permanent status 85 (64.39%). Seniority of more than 5 years was observed in 92 (69.7%). Workers working more than 8 hours of overtime per week numbered 57 (43.18%). Exposure to vibrating objects was 49 (37.12%). In terms of psychosocial constraints, 82.58% had high psychological demands;79.53% low decision-making latitude;50.76% low social support. The frequency of work-related accidents was 6.82%, and the only associated factor was the type of worker (p = 0.016). On the other hand, there were 10.2% accidents among workers handling vibrating objects versus 4.98% among those not using them. With regard to psychosocial constraints, the following frequencies were recorded respectively: 6.42% among those with high psychological demand versus 8.7% among those with low psychological demand;7.62% among those with low decision-making latitude versus 3.7% among those with high decision-making latitude;8.96% among those with low social support versus 4.62% among those with high support. Conclusion: Work-related accidents on construction sites must be avoided by all possible means including the management of psychosocial constraints.

Exploring the Effects of Occupational Psychological Disorders on Construction Employees and the Construction Industry

Construction employees could experience occupational psychological disorders, such as workaholism and burnout due to their work, personality characteristics or lifestyle. This study sought to explore the effects of psychological disorders on construction employees and the construction industry. To achieve this aim, both the methods of focus group discussions and survey questionnaire were employed. The focus group discussions revealed 17 potential effects and 12 potential effects of psychological disorders on the construction employees and the construction industry respectively. A quantitative study was then employed to determine the key effects and to test the reliability of the findings from the focus group study. The results revealed that the highly perceived effects of psychological disorders on construction employees were accident-prone, chronic pain, insomnia or sleep disturbances, as these had the highest mean scores. The key effects also identified as perceived effects of construction employees’ psychological health conditions on the construction industry were: absenteeism/sick leave, errors in work, job dissatisfaction and increased medical costs. Exploratory factor analysis was employed, and the 17 effects on construction employees were categorized under behavioural effects and physiological effects. The 12 effects on the construction industry were also categorized under direct costs and indirect costs. The results from this study confirm the need for strategic interventions to mitigate the effects of occupational psychological disorders on construction employees and the construction industry of Ghana and to some extent globally. The exploratory nature of the study using preliminary findings from focus group discussions contributes to the literature on occupational health psychology.

The Importance of Occupational Health and Safety(OHS)and OHS Budgeting in terms of Social Sustainability in the Construction Sector

Nowadays,sustainability is one of the most important construction sector goals,as it is in most other sectors.However,sustainability in the construction sector is dealt mostly with its environmental and economic dimensions,and its social dimension remains in the background.This situation causes the Occupational Health and Safety(OHS),which is perhaps the most important issue within the scope of social sustainability,to be addressed on its own,and its relationship with sustainability to be not introduced clearly.This study discussed the relationship between social sustainability and OHS in the construction sector.Based on the fact that in construction projects,the sustainability goal should be revealed forward to a great extent at the design stage,how to contribute to OHS by budgeting OHS activities together with project activities was explained.We intended to contribute to the provision of OHS and thus the social sustainability of construction projects by revealing how the budgeting will be done and how much OHS budget will be,by referring to the studies in the literature conducted about OHS budgeting and presented robust numerical data.The study is expected to help construction sector stakeholders to understand the relationship between social sustainability and OHS and to provide a clear picture of the role of budgeting in this respect.

A Study on the Relationship Among Nurses' Practice Environment, Safety Attitude, and Occupational Wellbeing

Objective:To investigate the status quo of nursing practice environment,nurses'safety attitude,and occupational well-being,as well as to explore the relationship among the three,so as to provide reference for formulating and implementing corresponding measures.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted from October 2021 to December 2021.A total of 1,939 nurses from five tertiary hospitals in a city were surveyed using the Nurses5 Practice Environment Assessment Scale,Safety Attitudes Questionnaire,and Medical WorkersJ Occupational Wellbeing Scale.The data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0.Results:The total score of nurses5 practice environment was 68.81±27.79 points,which is at a relatively general level;the total score of nurses'safety attitude was 111.28±14.38 points,which is at a moderate level;and the total score of occupational well-being was 62.43±28.17 points,which is relatively high.There was a significant positive correlation between nurses'practice environment and their safety attitudes and occupational well-being(p<0.05).Conclusion:Nurses are the main human resources in hospitals,and their practice environment is closely related to patient safety and their work enthusiasm.An unhealthy practice environment not only affects the quality of care,which leads to patient safety issues,but also their job satisfaction.Nurse managers are encouraged to implement targeted interventions in advance to improve nurses,practice environment,strengthen safety attitudes,and enhance the professional wellbeing of nurses.

高原低氧与施工作业双约束对职业倦怠的影响研究

高原低压低氧和施工作业双重约束下,施工作业人员极易出现职业倦怠症状,严重影响身心健康及工作积极性。基于此,采用问卷调研的方法在高原地区对施工作业人员开展了职业倦怠调研,通过多元线性逐步回归分析了职业倦怠中情绪耗竭、职业效能、去人性化3个维度的主要影响因素,采用二元logistics回归进一步分析了3个维度对职业倦怠的综合影响。结果表明:职业倦怠主要受年龄、来源地海拔、受教育程度、工龄、吸烟情况、睡眠状况影响,其中年龄与来源地海拔是影响职业倦怠最显著的因素;各影响因素在情绪耗竭、职业效能、去人性化3个维度的影响强度略有差异。

作业治疗学课程思政案例库的构建方法及应用效果研究

目的探讨作业治疗学课程思政案例库的构建方法及应用效果。方法选择2020年9月—2021年6月佳木斯大学康复医学院2020级和2021级康复治疗学专业学生144名作为对象,根据不同年级分为对照组和观察组。对照组2020级74名采用常规方法教学,观察组在对照组基础上,于2021级70名学生教学中应用构建作业治疗学课程思政案例库。2组均完成3个月教学,比较2组教学综合成绩、教学效果及教学满意度。结果教学3个月后,观察组形成性考核[(91.58±6.34)分]、第二课堂成绩(包括临床作业技能操作及期末考试成绩)得分[(90.19±5.96)分]均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组教学3个月后思政素材需求(97.14%)、现有教学思政开展模式(98.57%)、思政相关教学成果(97.14%)、职业道德(95.71%)、行为习惯相关职业素养(98.57%)、专业伦理与科学信仰(97.14%)满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论成功构建作业治疗学课程思政案例库并应用于康复治疗学专业学生中,有助于提高学生的综合成绩及教学效果,可获得较高的教学满意度。

四川省城市建设用地扩张及其占用耕地的时空特征

[目的]研究四川省城市建设用地扩张及其占用耕地的时空特征,为保护四川省耕地资源的可持续利用,保障区域内粮食安全提供理论依据。[方法]以四川省为研究对象,基于遥感数据和GIS技术,分析了2000—2020年城市建设用地扩张对耕地占用过程的时空变异特征。[结果]20年间四川省城市建设用地持续扩张,增加了3260.56 km^(2),增长率达到110.34%,其中新增建设用地2 900.34 km^(2)流转于耕地,耕地是四川省城市建设用地扩张的主要来源,建设用地持续扩张不断蚕食城市周边耕地资源,进而有可能威胁到区域的粮食生产安全;四川省建设用地扩张在空间上具有集中分布的特征,各地市州建设用地扩张空间差异显著,扩张建设用地分布表现为以成都市为中心的高值区,然后向东部城市呈面状逐渐蔓延,而西部城市呈零星点状分布的特点;四川省建设用地扩张高度依赖对耕地的占用,近年来,虽然四川省积极推行粮食生产结构优化措施,持续实施土地整治、农业结构调整,不断加大对粮食生产的支持力度。[结论]总体上,四川省耕地面积的减少对粮食产量形成的影响程度不大,但建设用地扩张继续占用耕地加大的趋势假如得不到有效遏制,对未来粮食生产安全仍会构成潜在的威胁。

电力建设企业本质安全度评价方法及应用

融合《职业健康安全管理体系要求及使用指南》(GB/T 45001—2020)的要求及本质安全的内涵,建立一套适用于电力建设企业的本质安全度评价方法。综合考虑人、物、环境、管理本质安全,结合PDCA的大循环及小循环,构建全面的本质安全度评价指标体系。根据本质安全度得分,分为初始、基础、符合、成熟及稳定5个等级。以电力建设公司为实例,利用电力建设企业本质安全度评价方法进行评价。结果表明,该方法适用于对电力建设企业进行全面多维度的本质安全评价;根据评价结果,采用权重-得分图锁定企业本质安全体系的薄弱环节,从而对该企业本质安全建设工作提出有针对性的建议。

基于深度学习的河湖岸线“四乱”智能识别技术研究

为进一步提高河湖岸线“四乱”识别效率和精度,首先,建立了海量样本的空天地河湖岸线“四乱”识别库;其次,基于深度学习目标识别理论,采用以“YOLOv5”为代表的“one-stage”模型架构构建了多源多时相河湖岸线“四乱”行为智能识别模型;最后,采用分布式架构训练模型对该模型超参数进行调整优化。选取长江(武汉段)和汉江作为研究区域,利用该模型与SVM,Faster_RCNN,Mask_RCNN,SSD,Center_Net模型进行对比验证。结果表明:该智能模型识别河湖岸线“四乱”的平均精度(mAP_0.5)达70.4%,准确度较高;相比SVM、Faster_RCNN、Mask_RCNN模型,该模型识别效率提升约25%。研究成果可为数字孪生流域建设、河湖岸线智慧化监管提供参考。

三类典型生态破坏案件环境损害评估过程差异性分析

国家不断完善生态环境损害赔偿制度与环境公益诉讼制度的同时,全国生态环境损害案件呈逐年递增趋势。司法和生态环境管理部门等在判罚生态环境损害案件时,面临生态环境损害基线、实物量化、价值量化等难以确定的专业性问题,生态环境损害鉴定不同阶段的差异性难以区分。研究按照损害程度对森林纵火和盗伐林木、违法建设和非法占地、非法采矿三类生态破坏案件进行分类讨论,统计分析了三类生态破坏案件的关键要素指标,阐明了生态环境损害鉴定评估过程的差异性。结果表明,三类案件的差异性主要体现在基线选取对象上,三类案件可能涉及植被、土壤、地下水等指标的一种或多种;森林纵火和盗伐林木、违法建设和占地、非法采矿三类案件在植被破坏和土壤破坏两方面破坏程度都表现出逐渐加重的趋势,水平方向的损害范围易受周边环境影响,纵向从土壤表层向深层土壤破坏逐渐加深,恢复难度逐渐加大;在生态恢复工程选择上,除生态恢复外还需根据破坏程度额外考虑对地表建筑物或压占物清除或矿坑的回填及复垦;永久性损害或基本恢复不可实施时也可考虑其他替代性恢复方案,如认购“碳汇”等新手段。研究可为提高生态环境损害鉴定评估工作的科学性、规范性和可操作性提供理论指导。

占道施工影响下区域路网容量计算与关键路段识别方法

为研究占道施工事件对区域路网络容量的影响,基于双层规划理论,构建了考虑路段通行能力约束的区域路网络容量计算模型,并设计了求解算法。通过VISSIM仿真软件,确定了施工区段通行能力基准值,对实际通行能力与各影响因素之间的定量关系进行分析,给出了占道施工条件下实际通行能力计算方法。结合交通流分配结果、边介值、蓄意破坏前后路网效率变化率给出了占道施工期区域关键路段识别方法。最后以哈尔滨市阿城区的路网为案例,通过手机信令数据获取得到出行需求分布,计算占道施工前后的路网容量,并对占道施工期阿城区路网进行了重要度排序。研究表明:初始条件下区域路网络容量为38 445 pcu/h,施工时为36 865 pcu/h,路网络容量值减少了4.1%。

城市快速路施工交通组织与交通安全分析

快速路建设不可避免地要占用现状道路,占道施工导致道路通行能力降低,周围路网压力增大,交通安全隐患增加。为确保道路的安全与畅通,必须制订施工期间交通组织方案。以烟台市港城西大街互通立交节点快速路为例,分析快速路占道施工交通特性,指出施工期间存在的主要问题,提出施工期间交通组织优化方法和安全保障措施。

大保铁路长大隧道钻爆法施工职业健康现状与对策探讨

探讨新建大理至保山铁路长大隧道钻爆法施工的职业健康对策。通过工程分析方法分析钻爆法施工中存在的主要职业病危害因素;采用全国铁路统一的职业卫生工作评估表对5个大保铁路长大隧道钻爆法施工项目部进行评分,找出存在问题并对照国家法律法规及标准规范提出职业健康对策。根据结果,从职业健康管理、职业病防护设施措施、个体防护用品、应急救援4个方面10个项点提出采用综合性防控策略,以实现保护劳动者职业健康的目的。

钻爆法隧道洗尘消热与台车周边作业环境营造

台车周边施工作业人员面临的职业健康危害是钻爆法隧道施工中普遍存在的问题。基于此,提出了洞外压入送风协同洞内起拱点处空气品质营造装置局部空气净化的通风方案,并以广西天巴高速廷社隧道为试验隧道,对两种通风方式下隧道内台车周边的粉尘浓度、空气温度进行了监测和对比,利用FLUENT软件对游离SiO_(2)粉尘浓度场的演化进行了数值模拟。结果表明:在安设空气品质营造装置的条件下通风20 min后,台车处粉尘浓度高、水化热现象均得到了明显的缓解。研究结果对改善钻爆法施工隧道作业环境具有重要的指导意义。