Leveraging Robust Artificial Intelligence for Mechatronic Product Development—A Literature Review

Mechatronic product development is a complex and multidisciplinary field that encompasses various domains, including, among others, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, control theory and software engineering. The integration of artificial intelligence technologies is revolutionizing this domain, offering opportunities to enhance design processes, optimize performance, and leverage vast amounts of knowledge. However, human expertise remains essential in contextualizing information, considering trade-offs, and ensuring ethical and societal implications are taken into account. This paper therefore explores the existing literature regarding the application of artificial intelligence as a comprehensive database, decision support system, and modeling tool in mechatronic product development. It analyzes the benefits of artificial intelligence in enabling domain linking, replacing human expert knowledge, improving prediction quality, and enhancing intelligent control systems. For this purpose, a consideration of the V-cycle takes place, a standard in mechatronic product development. Along this, an initial assessment of the AI potential is shown and important categories of AI support are formed. This is followed by an examination of the literature with regard to these aspects. As a result, the integration of artificial intelligence in mechatronic product development opens new possibilities and transforms the way innovative mechatronic systems are conceived, designed, and deployed. However, the approaches are only taking place selectively, and a holistic view of the development processes and the potential for robust and context-sensitive artificial intelligence along them is still needed.

Analysis on the Development Model of Relic and Museum Tourism Products Based on ERP Analysis:A Case Study on Shandong Province

In recent years, the trend of people choosing relic and museum tourism during their vacationand leisure time is growing day by day, mainly because it touches people's feelings about historical relicsand cultural heritage. The development of relic and museum tourism products is not only the inheritanceof culture and the protection of cultural relics, but also the promotion of tourism consumption under thebackground of cultural tourism integration, which has promoted the development of regional economy.With the relic and museum tourism resources in Shandong Province as the research object, through theanalysis of its resources, market and products, this paper put forward three applicable modes of relic andmuseum tourism product development, including independent development, joint development, and artauthorization, and proposed specific suggestions around the three modes.

Shale oil development techniques and application based on ternary-element storage and flow concept in Jiyang Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,East China

The ternary-element storage and flow concept for shale oil reservoirs in Jiyang Depression of Bohai Bay Basin,East China,was proposed based on the data of more than 10000 m cores and the production of more than 60 horizontal wells.The synergy of three elements(storage,fracture and pressure)contributes to the enrichment and high production of shale oil in Jiyang Depression.The storage element controls the enrichment of shale oil;specifically,the presence of inorganic pores and fractures,as well as laminae of lime-mud rocks,in the saline lake basin,is conducive to the storage of shale oil,and the high hydrocarbon generating capacity and free hydrocarbon content are the material basis for high production.The fracture element controls the shale oil flow;specifically,natural fractures act as flow channels for shale oil to migrate and accumulate,and induced fractures communicate natural fractures to form complex fracture network,which is fundamental to high production.The pressure element controls the high and stable production of shale oil;specifically,the high formation pressure provides the drive force for the migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons,and fracturing stimulation significantly increases the elastic energy of rock and fluid,improves the imbibition replacement of oil in the pores/fractures,and reduces the stress sensitivity,guaranteeing the stable production of shale oil for a long time.Based on the ternary-element storage and flow concept,a 3D development technology was formed,with the core techniques of 3D well pattern optimization,3D balanced fracturing,and full-cycle optimization of adjustment and control.This technology effectively guides the production and provides a support to the large-scale beneficial development of shale oil in Jiyang Depression.

Construction Method of Civil Aircraft Airborne⁃system Supplier Development Process System

Based on the analysis of the development process system status of domestic and foreign civil aircraft airborne system suppliers,this paper proposes the overall construction idea of"a set of civil aircraft process system"based on IPD(Integrated product development)in the organization.The development stage,process,activity and task are the logical framework elements of the system construction."Based on process decomposition,vertical stratification,horizontal segmentation,combination of special and common,process customized to tools,role and process integration,giving full consideration to the interface between supplier management and process modules"etc.are the concrete ideas.Moreover,formulate top⁃level system construction standards,implemented by process system management tool platform,so that the process system and development work can be effectively integrated to effectively guide the development work of airborne system suppliers,and meet the quality and airworthiness requirements of civil aircraft development.Through the development application of a certain type of flight control system,the process system and tool platform were verified and optimized in practice.

Effects of financial development and capital accumulation on labor productivity in sub‑Saharan Africa:new insight from cross sectional autoregressive lag approach

This study aims to shed light on the effects of financial development and accumula-tion of capital on the productivity of labor in the sub-Sahara African region within the period of 1990–2018.In this work,we used the(dynamic)common correlated effects estimator-mean group and additional techniques such as cross-section autoregressive distributed lag to calibrate the sample into the African subregion to ensure robustness.The findings reveal that financial progress in the region over time leads to an increase in productivity of labor and also the accumulation of capital.Furthermore,financial markets have a progressive impact on the productivity of labor within sub-Saharan African regions.We extend the very limited literature on the nexus between financial development and labor productivity by incorporating capital accumulation into our model which has not been previously studied.

Production evolution patterns and development stage division of waterflooding oilfields

The continuous growth of recoverable reserves in a waterflooding oilfield has a significant impact on the patterns of production evolution. A new production evolution model is established by improving the Weng Cycle model. With the new model, the statistical correspondence between the production decline stage and the reserve-production imbalance is clarified,and the correlation of water cut with the recovery percent of recoverable reserves is discussed, providing quantitative basis of reservoir engineering for dividing development stages of oilfield and defining mature oilfields. According to the statistics of oilfields in eastern China, the time point corresponding to the reserve-production balance coefficient dropping to less than 1dramatically is well correlated the beginning point of production decline, thus the time when the reserve-production balance coefficient drops dramatically can be taken as the initiation point of production decline stage. The research results show that the water cut and the recovery percent of recoverable reserves have a good statistical match in the high water cut stage, and it is more rational to take both the start point of production decline stage and the water cut of 90%(or the recovery percent of recoverable reserves of 80%) as the critical criteria for defining a mature oilfield. Five production evolution patterns can be summarized as follows: growth–peak plateau–stepped decline, growth–stepped stabilizing–stepped decline, growth–stepped stabilizing–rapid decline, growth–peak plateau–rapid decline, and growth–continuous decline.

Integrated Product Development in Rhinoplasty:A Case Study

The 3D simulation in preoperative design for nasal plastic surgery was studied to help patients see the postoperative effects and reduce medical disputes.The study developed and clinically tested an innovative design for surgical guides for nasal plastic surgery,which showed positive results in patient satisfaction and accuracy in achieving the preoperative simulated effect.The study also investigated the process of designing and producing nasal prostheses and how patient feedback could be obtained using third-party social media voting.Patient satisfaction information was collected and evaluated using the Likert scale,and the data statistical analysis was carried out with the SPSS19.0 software.More than 94.1% of the patients were satisfied with the postoperative results.The study provides a good reference case for the integration of knowledge and skills from the medicine,design,and engineering fields in the development of medical devices.

Amino acids and mammary gland development:nutritional implications for milk production and neonatal growth

Milk is synthesized by mammary epithelial cells of lactating mammals. The synthetic capacity of the mammary gland depends largely on the number and efficiency of functional mammary epithelial cells. Structural development of the mammary gland occurs during fetal growth, prepubertal and post-pubertal periods, pregnancy, and lactation under the control of various hormones （particularly estrogen, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I, progesterone, placental lactogen, and prolactin） in a species- and stage-dependent manner. Milk is essential for the growth, development, and health of neonates. Amino acids （AA）, present in both free and peptide-bound forms, are the most abundant organic nutrients in the milk of farm animals. Uptake of AA from the arterial blood of the lactating dam is the ultimate source of proteins （primarily 13-casein and a-lactalbumin） and bioactive nitrogenous metabolites in milk. Results of recent studies indicate extensive catabolism of branched-chain AA （leucine, isoleucine and valine） and arginine to synthesize glutamate, glutamine, alanine, aspartate, asparagine, proline, and polyamines. The formation of polypeptides from AA is regulated not only by hormones （e.g., prolactin, insulin and glucocorticoids） and the rate of blood flow across the lactating mammary gland, but also by concentrations of AA, lipids, glucose, vitamins and minerals in the maternal plasma, as well as the activation of the mechanistic （mammalian） target rapamycin signaling by certain AA （e.g., arginine, branched-chain AA, and glutamine）. Knowledge of AA utilization （including metabolism） by mammary epithelial cells will enhance our fundamental understanding of lactation biology and has important implications for improving the efficiency of livestock production worldwide.

STUDY ON MICROWAVE DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF EPOXY RESIN MIXTURES USED FOR RAPID PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

This paper presents a preliminary study on the dielectric properties and curing of three different types of epoxy resins mixed at various stoichiometric mixture of hardener, flydust and aluminium powder under microwave energy. In this work, the curing process of thin layers of epoxy resins using microwave radiation was investigated as an alternative technique that can' be implemented to develop a new rapid product development technique. In this study it was observed that the curing time and temperature were a function of the percentage of hardener and fillers presence in the epoxy resins. Initially dielectric properties of epoxy resins with hardener were measured which was directly correlated to the curing process in order to understand the properties of cured specimen. Tensile tests were conducted on the three different types of epoxy resins with hardener and fillers. Modifying dielectric properties of the mixtures a significant decrease in curing time was observed. In order to study the microstructural changes of cured specimen the morphology of the fracture surface was carried out by using scanning electron microscopy.

OPTIMIZATION METHOD FOR VIRTUAL PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT BASED ON SIMULATION METAMODEL AND ITS APPLICATION

Virtual product development (VPD) is essentially based on simulation. Due tocomputational inefficiency, traditional engineering simulation software and optimization methods areinadequate to analyze optimization problems in VPD. Optimization method based on simulationmetamodel for virtual product development is proposed to satisfy the needs of complex optimaldesigns driven by VPD. This method extends the current design of experiments (DOE) by variousmetamodeling technologies. Simulation metamodels are built to approximate detailed simulation codes,so as to provide link between optimization and simulation, or serve as a bridge for simulationsoftware integration among different domains. An example of optimal design for composite materialstructure is used to demonstrate the newly introduced method.

Issues and Development Opportunities of Aquatic Product Industry in China

China is the largest producer and trader of aquatic products in the world, but does not mean that it belongs to the strongest power group of aquatic production and trade. This paper objectively analyzed the main problems existing in the highspeed development of China＇s aquatic product industry by empirical analysis. For example, the situation of quality and safety of aquatic products is serious now; the basic conditions of aquaculture lag behind the production development; aquatic industry is still in a low level of development and organization; and the quality and safety of aquatic products is the most main problem. This paper also revealed that fish would be the main source of animal-derived food, and the demand of characteristic aquatic products would continuously go up. Aquatic processing has initially formed a standard system. It drew a conclusion that it would be a good opportunity for China＇s aquatic processing industry in the future

An Approach to Integrated and Concurrent Product Development

A concurrent product development example is used in this paper to introduce a roadmap for integrated and concurrent product development. The roadmap covers the following steps: (1)enterprise problem specifying; (2)information integration modeling; (3)integrated products development team modeling; (4)product development process modeling; and (5) integrated information-process-organization modeling. They have been successfully applied in the major pilot project of "Concurrent Engineering" of the 863 Programme of China.

DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION OF FeAl BASED INTERMET ALLICALLOYS

Intermetallic materials have long been considered as potential candidates for high temperature applications due to their high strength/weight ratio, oxidation resistance, and corrosion resistance. The recent alloy design approaches undertaken by many researchers around the world allowed design of intermetallics for high strength application. Environmental embrittlement, solidification porosity, and low ductility of FeAl alloys necessitated innovative ways of processing FeAl sheets based on powder metallurgical route as opposed to an ingot route. Excellent sheets of FeAl have been processed by roll compaction followed by sintering technique using water atomized FeAl powder. Gas atomized FeAl powder was used to obtain sheets of FeAl by tape casting technique. Plasma spray technique was employed to obtain coating of FeAl alloy.

Investigation Into the Market-Orientated New Product Development Performance

The effect that the market orientation brings to product innovation performance is reported and the degree of product innovativeness is explored. The interdepartmental integration inside the company is also investigated. A series of hypotheses were developed aiming at presenting a conceptual framework to clarify how market orientation contributes to product innovation performance-moderated by the degree of product innovativeness and affected by the interdepartmental integration. Survey data from 36 business units were analyzed based on the respondents in the research. The statistic results suggest a substantial positive effect of market orientation on product innovation performance. Under the condition of incremental innovativeness among the samples, the more innovative the product is, the more improvements in product innovation performance would be achieved. A variety of particular interdepartmental integration mechanisms have been certified to lend more supports to establishing market orientation and improving product innovation performance.

Quality and origin of mountain food products: the new European label as a strategy for sustainable development

Mountain farming provides high-quality food products due to the peculiar characteristics of the raw materials combined with traditional processing conditions. However, these products and their intrinsic characteristics are not clearly recognized by consumers on the market. Nowadays, Protected Designation of Origin(PDO), Protected Geographical Indication(PGI) and Traditional Specialities Guaranteed(TSG) certifications include products originating in mountain areas, even if a large part of mountain foodstuff is not protected by these certifications and foods not made in mountain areas are often labeled as ―mountain food products‖. For this reason, the European Union has set a specific Regulation in 2012 to recognize and protect mountain food and to make the consumers safer about the origin information. The objective of this paper is twofold: firstly, it presents the recent aspects related to European legislation of mountain food product; secondly, it aims at reviewing the main features of nutritional quality and technology of dairy and meat products, as the most widespread mountain food products, and the main protocols used to evaluate the authenticity of these food products. The promotion of mountain food product through a specific label and the use of tracing methods, which are able to verify the authenticity of the origin of these products, may play a pivotal role in increasing the consumer‘s loyalty towards these products and could be a way to boost a sustainable development of these economically marginal rural areas. However, the analytical protocols developed so far(stable isotopes, macro and microelements, radionuclides, spectroscopic, molecular techniques, volatile substances profile, terpenes) are in many cases still at the experimental level due to the extreme variability of the mountain origin of the products to be tested.

Lean Product Development Process with Design Verification Stages in the Value Stream of Automotive Industry

In the automotive industry, lean projects and innovation creation come to life by being updated under the control of systematic interdisciplinary process flows. The lean product development process that changes the shell, defined under the light of the variables created by the competitive conditions, is today measured by the value flow efficiency and the global market spread of the final product. Consequently, the lean product development approach, which aims to identify and purify all the wastes that do none value or create value to the system or cause burdens in the new product development process, is shaped by step-by-step approvals in the flow. In the main automotive industry company practices within the scope of the research (3 national, 3 international), the beginning of the concept of lean in design is to define and optimize the steps in the product development process under the value stream map. Therefore, the product function for which the customer has paid for, the function of the new product or the physical structure used to meet the needs in question, the comfort, life, experience, innovations of the scope that constitute the new product concept are planned and verified and implemented in the simplified automotive design stages at the beginning of the lean product development process. In this research, initial automotive design objectives and stages are at the focal point of the innovation and added value creation brought by the concept of “lean” approach. The research is modelled on the determination of steps that do not create added value together with the points where the flow circuits’ or stems, the process is devalued, the interdisciplinary holistic studies intensify, the information and delay begin and end in the sequential and simultaneous design validation step transition stages, which are examined under the lean approach. As a visual and virtual tool that enables the elaboration of nominal values such as the total duration of the design verification stages and the influence of interdisciplinary stakeholders or the test level of the product design with the new product added, it reveals the value flow or losses. Hence research;from innovation creation and new product design steps, which constitute the initial stages of the lean product development process, to design verification analysis, the efficiency of the automotive company processes within the scope of the research has been measured by comparing using lean automotive design techniques, methods and concepts.

Exploring Barriers and Opportunities in Adopting Crowdsourcing Based New Product Development in Manufacturing SMEs

Crowdsourcing is an innovative business practice of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content or even funds by soliciting contributions from a large group of people （the ＇Crowd＇）. The potential benefits of utilizing crowdsourcing in product design are well-documented, but little research exists on what are the barriers and opportunities in adopting crowdsourcing in new product development （NPD） of manufacturing SMEs. In order to answer the above questions, a Proof of Market study is carried out on crowdsourcing-based product design under an Innovate UK funded Smart project, which aims at identifying the needs, challenges and future development opportunities associated with adopting crowdsourcing strategies for NPD. The research findings from this study are reported here and can be used to guide future development of crowdsourcing-based collaborative design methods and tools and provide some practical references for industry to adopt this new and emerging collaborative design method in their business.

Development of Productive Forces and the Changes of Rural President's Consumption Concept

The developmental status of productivity in Chinese rural area is introduced. Since the implementation of the agriculture supporting policies in 2004, the productive forces in rural areas have been improved greatly. It is reflected on the following aspects: great enhancement of rural labors' cultural quality; the quantity of agricultural machines has been increased; the level of production management and decision has been increased greatly. The paper analyzes the promotion role played by the development of productive forces to rural residents' consumption conception. The development of productive forces has laid a solid foundation for changing rural residents' consumption concept; changed rural residents' consumption structure and improved the socialized degree of rural residents' consumption. Countermeasures on cultivating new consumption fields in rural areas are put forward including leading rural residents to foster the modern consumption conception; intensifying the governmental support and leading rural residents to set up healthy consumption concept.

Application Status and Development Measures of Biogas Fertilizer in Agricultural Production

Biogas fertilizer is widely used in agricultural production,and it can be used in a variety of ways,including liquid spraying,root fertilization,presoaking and biological pesticides,etc.It can improve soil structure,increase the content of soil organic matter and available nutrients,and increase crop yield.In addition,there are some problems in the utilization of biogas fertilizer.Some details that need to be paid attention to and can not be ignored should be further studied and discussed to achieve a final principle of harmonious,safe and efficient use,so as to ensure the benefit maximization of biogas fertilizer as an economic fertilizer source.Therefore,this paper summarizes the main ways and methods,existing problems and corresponding development measures concerning the application of biogas fertilizer in agriculture,in order to provide some reference for the utilization of biogas fertilizer in the field of agriculture and make it universal,safe and stable.

Strategies for Natural Rubber Production and Development in China

The world's natural rubber output was 12. 31 million t and the consumption reached 12. 17 million t in 2015. China's natural rubber output was 0. 85 million t and the consumption reached 4. 724 million t in 2016. Southeast Asian countries are the main natural rubber producing countries,and ITRC policy affects the natural rubber prices. During 2017-2025,the supply of natural rubber in the world is expected to be abundant to meet downstream demand. Based on natural conditions for rubber planting and production costs,China's rubber production should place emphasis on developing ClassⅠrubber production area,strengthening Class Ⅱ rubber production area and adjusting Class Ⅲ rubber production area. It is recommended to build high-output rubber plantations in Class rubber production area in Xishuangbanna; choose rubber farms with good conditions in Class Ⅱ rubber production area and build high-quality rubber production base as the dedicated production raw material base for aviation rubber; expand the Southeast Asia rubber production belt for development of natural rubber industry.